Maturation and function of human dendritic cells are inhibited by orf
... Sigma) for 24 h. The optimal amount of ORFV IL-10 used in these assays (50 ng ml21) was determined in preliminary experiments (data not shown) and in addition by examining its ability to inhibit cytokine synthesis in LPS-activated THP1 cells (human monocytes) (L. M. Wise, C. A. McCaughan & S. B. Fle ...
... Sigma) for 24 h. The optimal amount of ORFV IL-10 used in these assays (50 ng ml21) was determined in preliminary experiments (data not shown) and in addition by examining its ability to inhibit cytokine synthesis in LPS-activated THP1 cells (human monocytes) (L. M. Wise, C. A. McCaughan & S. B. Fle ...
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
... Vos et al. 2004). Babesia spp. are intracellular organisms but only erythrocytes are involved in the development of the parasite. Once the infective sporozoites enter the erythrocyte, they develop into trophozoites which in turn develop into two new merozoites which are infective to the tick vector ...
... Vos et al. 2004). Babesia spp. are intracellular organisms but only erythrocytes are involved in the development of the parasite. Once the infective sporozoites enter the erythrocyte, they develop into trophozoites which in turn develop into two new merozoites which are infective to the tick vector ...
Regulation of type 2 immunity to helminths by mast cells
... helminth infection is of significant clinical relevance. Mast cells (MCs) are a potent arm of the innate immune system and can be found in barrier tissues throughout the body. MCs are induced by cytokines such as stem cell factor (SCF), IL-3, IL-4 and IL-9 and accumulate in the inflamed tissue. In r ...
... helminth infection is of significant clinical relevance. Mast cells (MCs) are a potent arm of the innate immune system and can be found in barrier tissues throughout the body. MCs are induced by cytokines such as stem cell factor (SCF), IL-3, IL-4 and IL-9 and accumulate in the inflamed tissue. In r ...
week 13.: autoimmunity i.
... earlier, tolerance to self-antigens is normally maintained by selection processes that prevent the maturation of some self-antigen specific lymphocytes and by mechanisms that inactivate or delete self-reactive lymphocytes that do mature. Central tolerance mechanisms eliminate newly formed strongly a ...
... earlier, tolerance to self-antigens is normally maintained by selection processes that prevent the maturation of some self-antigen specific lymphocytes and by mechanisms that inactivate or delete self-reactive lymphocytes that do mature. Central tolerance mechanisms eliminate newly formed strongly a ...
ADAMTS13 meets MR, then what?
... anti-MR monoclonal antibody in vivo.7 Furthermore, the MR expression on the inflammatory macrophages is increased in response to inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10.8 In cytokine-treated cells, the MR is detected in the late endosome, suggesting that antigen-derived peptides can b ...
... anti-MR monoclonal antibody in vivo.7 Furthermore, the MR expression on the inflammatory macrophages is increased in response to inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10.8 In cytokine-treated cells, the MR is detected in the late endosome, suggesting that antigen-derived peptides can b ...
Immune System
... 1) Define immunity- your body’s resistance to germs and the harmful substances they produce 2) How do these five things fight off germs from entering your body? ...
... 1) Define immunity- your body’s resistance to germs and the harmful substances they produce 2) How do these five things fight off germs from entering your body? ...
BIO 218 F 2012 CH 23 Martini Lecture Outline
... Different types of T cells Cytotoxic T cells (attack foreign cells and viruses) Helper T cells (coordinates the immune response) Suppressor T cells (coordinate the immune response) Memory T cells (become activated if the same antigen appears in the body at a later date) ...
... Different types of T cells Cytotoxic T cells (attack foreign cells and viruses) Helper T cells (coordinates the immune response) Suppressor T cells (coordinate the immune response) Memory T cells (become activated if the same antigen appears in the body at a later date) ...
T-Cell Receptor PP - University of Arizona
... receptors account for 90% of T-cell helper function and cytotoxic activity, the major focus of this discussion will be on this type of TCR. The gd T cells, whose physiologic role is still unclear, will be reviewed later on. ...
... receptors account for 90% of T-cell helper function and cytotoxic activity, the major focus of this discussion will be on this type of TCR. The gd T cells, whose physiologic role is still unclear, will be reviewed later on. ...
S flexneri
... • Observed suppression of transcription of genes mainly coding for antimicrobial peptides, like β-defensin (e.g., hBD-3), in these cell lines • MxiE (bacterial regulator) is responsible for such regulatory process In vivo studies – • Human intestinal xenotransplants were used as model, infected with ...
... • Observed suppression of transcription of genes mainly coding for antimicrobial peptides, like β-defensin (e.g., hBD-3), in these cell lines • MxiE (bacterial regulator) is responsible for such regulatory process In vivo studies – • Human intestinal xenotransplants were used as model, infected with ...
The Behavioral Immune System - University of British Columbia
... For a very long time and for many organisms, infectious diseases have posed a threat to reproductive fitness. As a consequence, there evolved sophisticated physiological mechanisms (the immune system) that detect and mobilize defenses against pathogens that enter the body. But it can be costly to ac ...
... For a very long time and for many organisms, infectious diseases have posed a threat to reproductive fitness. As a consequence, there evolved sophisticated physiological mechanisms (the immune system) that detect and mobilize defenses against pathogens that enter the body. But it can be costly to ac ...
Endocrine System: Overview
... 13. Describe the sequential steps of phagocytosis. chemotaxis adherence ingestion digestion killing exocytosis 14. In what ways can pathogens “fight back” against immune mechanisms? ...
... 13. Describe the sequential steps of phagocytosis. chemotaxis adherence ingestion digestion killing exocytosis 14. In what ways can pathogens “fight back” against immune mechanisms? ...
Can the Hair Follicle Become a Model for Studying Selected
... field of IP. Consequently, ocular IP has become a subject of major recent interest, and its fundamental importance in inflammatory eye diseases is now widely accepted.3–15 However, as every investigative ophthalmologist painfully experiences sooner or later, as a tissue on which to perform in vitro ...
... field of IP. Consequently, ocular IP has become a subject of major recent interest, and its fundamental importance in inflammatory eye diseases is now widely accepted.3–15 However, as every investigative ophthalmologist painfully experiences sooner or later, as a tissue on which to perform in vitro ...
Harnessing Their Therapeutic Potential Natural IgM in Immune
... nIgM in immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis. nIgM may have first arisen to reinforce fundamental mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis. Apoptosis is an obligatory outcome of development, proliferation, and cell differentiation that continues throughout life. Every day, .1011 cells in our body d ...
... nIgM in immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis. nIgM may have first arisen to reinforce fundamental mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis. Apoptosis is an obligatory outcome of development, proliferation, and cell differentiation that continues throughout life. Every day, .1011 cells in our body d ...
Effects of age and recombinant equine somatotropin (eST
... Data were analyzed by analysis of variance for repeated measures using the general linear models procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). The model included treatment, time and age as main effects; and the interactions: treatment × time, treatment × age, time × age, and treatment × time × ag ...
... Data were analyzed by analysis of variance for repeated measures using the general linear models procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). The model included treatment, time and age as main effects; and the interactions: treatment × time, treatment × age, time × age, and treatment × time × ag ...
PDF
... seems to be a far more complex process than simple lipid deposition. Intriguingly, accumulations of activated T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells were identified in severely afflicted arteries [2] and were also found to be common in arteries of young adults and even children, at predilection s ...
... seems to be a far more complex process than simple lipid deposition. Intriguingly, accumulations of activated T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells were identified in severely afflicted arteries [2] and were also found to be common in arteries of young adults and even children, at predilection s ...
Review Article Bridging Innate and Adaptive Antitumor Immunity
... has modified ideas on the chemical nature of molecules recognized by T cells [68]. In the early years, it was suggested that hapten-specific T cells recognize haptenmodified peptides [69]. Chemical haptens and metal ions interact with proteins and thereby become recognizable by T and B lymphocytes. ...
... has modified ideas on the chemical nature of molecules recognized by T cells [68]. In the early years, it was suggested that hapten-specific T cells recognize haptenmodified peptides [69]. Chemical haptens and metal ions interact with proteins and thereby become recognizable by T and B lymphocytes. ...
Open Access version via Utrecht University Repository
... Human cells present antigenic peptides on its surface via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. These peptides are generated by the degradation of intracellular proteins by proteasomes in the cytoplasm and subsequent translocation to the endoplasmic reticulum and binding to MHC c ...
... Human cells present antigenic peptides on its surface via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. These peptides are generated by the degradation of intracellular proteins by proteasomes in the cytoplasm and subsequent translocation to the endoplasmic reticulum and binding to MHC c ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.