Systems biology in vaccine design
... a particular disease upon administration to an animal/ human. A vaccine typically contains one or several antigens that resemble a disease-causing microorganism, and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe or its derived antigenic proteins or its toxins + adjuvant. The antigens st ...
... a particular disease upon administration to an animal/ human. A vaccine typically contains one or several antigens that resemble a disease-causing microorganism, and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe or its derived antigenic proteins or its toxins + adjuvant. The antigens st ...
File
... b. the temperature around the wound increases. c. white blood cells move into the injured area. d. All of the above ANS: D ...
... b. the temperature around the wound increases. c. white blood cells move into the injured area. d. All of the above ANS: D ...
Question set no: Page no: 31 31 1. What is protozoa? How it differs
... 4. “ Schistosomia japonicum and Schistosomia mansoni resides in tributaries of portal vein but is diagnosed by detection of ova in stool ” – explain. ...
... 4. “ Schistosomia japonicum and Schistosomia mansoni resides in tributaries of portal vein but is diagnosed by detection of ova in stool ” – explain. ...
Lia van der Hoek Hidde Ploegh Theme
... Carsten Linnemann wins Antoni van Leeuwenhoek prize 2015 Carsten Linnemann received this year’s Antoni van Leeuwenhoek prize on Monday, January 12. The prize is awarded annually to an outstanding young researcher at the Netherlands Cancer Institute, in order to promote his or her career. Linnemann’ ...
... Carsten Linnemann wins Antoni van Leeuwenhoek prize 2015 Carsten Linnemann received this year’s Antoni van Leeuwenhoek prize on Monday, January 12. The prize is awarded annually to an outstanding young researcher at the Netherlands Cancer Institute, in order to promote his or her career. Linnemann’ ...
Intervention (Mild and Moderate Reactions)
... 1. The Immune system has evolved to protect us from pathogens. Some, such as viruses, infect individual cells; others, including many bacteria, divide extracellularly within tissues or body cavities. 2. The cells which mediate immunity include lymphocytes and phagocytes. Lymphocytes recognize antige ...
... 1. The Immune system has evolved to protect us from pathogens. Some, such as viruses, infect individual cells; others, including many bacteria, divide extracellularly within tissues or body cavities. 2. The cells which mediate immunity include lymphocytes and phagocytes. Lymphocytes recognize antige ...
Chapter 1 General introduction and outine of the thesis
... Skin resident immune cells include dermal Tcells and macrophages (Mφ) and epidermal Langerhans cells7,8. These cells are important for immune surveillance, but also prevent the immune system from reacting to harmless agents7. ...
... Skin resident immune cells include dermal Tcells and macrophages (Mφ) and epidermal Langerhans cells7,8. These cells are important for immune surveillance, but also prevent the immune system from reacting to harmless agents7. ...
The Role of CD2 Family Members in NK-Cell Regulation of B
... initiated from B cell responses that also do not require iNKT-cell involvement but may however derive help from other sources such as NK cells. Indeed, when NK cells were chronically depleted from the B6.Sle1SAP−/− strain, the production of IgG2c ANA was significantly reduced [65]. Thus, whereas in ...
... initiated from B cell responses that also do not require iNKT-cell involvement but may however derive help from other sources such as NK cells. Indeed, when NK cells were chronically depleted from the B6.Sle1SAP−/− strain, the production of IgG2c ANA was significantly reduced [65]. Thus, whereas in ...
The Role of CD2 Family Members in NK-Cell Regulation of B
... initiated from B cell responses that also do not require iNKT-cell involvement but may however derive help from other sources such as NK cells. Indeed, when NK cells were chronically depleted from the B6.Sle1SAP−/− strain, the production of IgG2c ANA was significantly reduced [65]. Thus, whereas in ...
... initiated from B cell responses that also do not require iNKT-cell involvement but may however derive help from other sources such as NK cells. Indeed, when NK cells were chronically depleted from the B6.Sle1SAP−/− strain, the production of IgG2c ANA was significantly reduced [65]. Thus, whereas in ...
MHC Class II Molecules
... Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules The gene complex was first identified based on the ability of a donor to accept grafts from the recipient sharing the same MHC ...
... Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules The gene complex was first identified based on the ability of a donor to accept grafts from the recipient sharing the same MHC ...
age
... finding and therapy with immunosuppressant drugs accelerated AIDS • The paradox of a disease treated with immunosuppression appearing de novo in a profound immune deficiency state was an experiment of nature that eliminated the role of CD4 T cells from the pathogenesis of RS /PsA • It also suggested ...
... finding and therapy with immunosuppressant drugs accelerated AIDS • The paradox of a disease treated with immunosuppression appearing de novo in a profound immune deficiency state was an experiment of nature that eliminated the role of CD4 T cells from the pathogenesis of RS /PsA • It also suggested ...
Butcherhandout
... highly conserved proteins that act through G-coupled receptors to regulate diverse biological processes, including hematopoiesis, leukocyte trafficking and organogenesis. In addition, there are some situations in which medically important pathogens, including HIV-1, exploit or subvert the chemokine ...
... highly conserved proteins that act through G-coupled receptors to regulate diverse biological processes, including hematopoiesis, leukocyte trafficking and organogenesis. In addition, there are some situations in which medically important pathogens, including HIV-1, exploit or subvert the chemokine ...
Lactic Acid Bacteria and their Effect-on the Immune System
... of most animals. The beneficial role played by these microorganisms in the humans and other animals, including the effect on the immune system, has been extensively reported. They are present in many foods and are frequently used as probiotics to improve some biological functions in the host. The ac ...
... of most animals. The beneficial role played by these microorganisms in the humans and other animals, including the effect on the immune system, has been extensively reported. They are present in many foods and are frequently used as probiotics to improve some biological functions in the host. The ac ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Popliteal LN sections of infected mice were stained with a serum specific for L. major antigen and mAb against either CD11c, F4/80, CD8 § , or CD11b. Analysis of sections with anti-L. major serum in combination with antiCD11c mAb indicated a co-localization of parasite antigen with CD11c+ DC (Fig. 2 ...
... Popliteal LN sections of infected mice were stained with a serum specific for L. major antigen and mAb against either CD11c, F4/80, CD8 § , or CD11b. Analysis of sections with anti-L. major serum in combination with antiCD11c mAb indicated a co-localization of parasite antigen with CD11c+ DC (Fig. 2 ...
Clinical Toxicology Innate Immune System Research Article
... and macrophages in the adverse health effects of environmental and/ or industrial exposure to this metal. With respect to pro-oxidative activity, Freitas et al. (2010) reported that exposure of isolated human neutrophils to CdCl2 caused increases in the production of ROS, specifically O2 −, H2O2, an ...
... and macrophages in the adverse health effects of environmental and/ or industrial exposure to this metal. With respect to pro-oxidative activity, Freitas et al. (2010) reported that exposure of isolated human neutrophils to CdCl2 caused increases in the production of ROS, specifically O2 −, H2O2, an ...
Molecular and Cellular Basis of Immune Protection of Mucosal
... Effector Functions of Mucosal Antibodies IgA antibodies are not good mediators of inflammatory reactions complement activation neutrophil chemotaxis phagocytosis Immune Exclusion/Serve “escort" function Beneficial not to induce inflammation Intra-epithelial virus neutralization by IgA ...
... Effector Functions of Mucosal Antibodies IgA antibodies are not good mediators of inflammatory reactions complement activation neutrophil chemotaxis phagocytosis Immune Exclusion/Serve “escort" function Beneficial not to induce inflammation Intra-epithelial virus neutralization by IgA ...
Wolbachia bacteria in filarial immunity and disease
... parasitized lymphatics (54). The activation of lymphatic endothelium may be important in controlling the composition and pressure of interstitial fluid and in facilitating lymphocyte trafficking and thus have an important role in inflammatory processes in filarial pathology. Furthermore, activation ...
... parasitized lymphatics (54). The activation of lymphatic endothelium may be important in controlling the composition and pressure of interstitial fluid and in facilitating lymphocyte trafficking and thus have an important role in inflammatory processes in filarial pathology. Furthermore, activation ...
9 Innate and acquired immunity
... • Acquired immunity depends on specific recognition of antigens either directly by antibodies on the surface of B cells or through presentation of processed antigens in the context of MHC molecules by host cells to T cells. In contrast to innate immunity, on re-exposure the responses are faster, more ...
... • Acquired immunity depends on specific recognition of antigens either directly by antibodies on the surface of B cells or through presentation of processed antigens in the context of MHC molecules by host cells to T cells. In contrast to innate immunity, on re-exposure the responses are faster, more ...
Folie 1 - German Cancer Research Center
... Sequences can be transferred from one gene to a similar but different gene by a process know as gene conversion. This can occur by a misalignment of two paired homologous chromosomes When there are many copies of similar genes arrayed in tandem. Polymorphisms have been actively selected during evolu ...
... Sequences can be transferred from one gene to a similar but different gene by a process know as gene conversion. This can occur by a misalignment of two paired homologous chromosomes When there are many copies of similar genes arrayed in tandem. Polymorphisms have been actively selected during evolu ...
sheet_4
... microfilaments cytoskeleton, and inside there is a dense tubular system, both preserve the shape of the platelets. v Function of the platelets: haemostasis. How does it help in haemostasis? Does it help stop bleeding from a large artery? No, but when there is a bleeding from a ruptured small artery ...
... microfilaments cytoskeleton, and inside there is a dense tubular system, both preserve the shape of the platelets. v Function of the platelets: haemostasis. How does it help in haemostasis? Does it help stop bleeding from a large artery? No, but when there is a bleeding from a ruptured small artery ...
Clinical consequences of defects in B
... remarkably asymptomatic. Perhaps paradoxically, some patients who have difficulty defending against exogenous antigens can mount pathogenic responses to self-antigen, including red blood cells (autoimmune hemolytic anemia), platelets (idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura), nuclear antigens (systemic ...
... remarkably asymptomatic. Perhaps paradoxically, some patients who have difficulty defending against exogenous antigens can mount pathogenic responses to self-antigen, including red blood cells (autoimmune hemolytic anemia), platelets (idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura), nuclear antigens (systemic ...
Distinct CD4 helper T cells involved in primary and
... LLO118 and LLO56, T-cell recipient mice were given a secondary infection of L. monocytogenes 35 d after the primary infection and on day 39 cell numbers were determined by flow cytometry. In marked contrast to what was observed in the primary response, we found that LLO56 had a much larger recall res ...
... LLO118 and LLO56, T-cell recipient mice were given a secondary infection of L. monocytogenes 35 d after the primary infection and on day 39 cell numbers were determined by flow cytometry. In marked contrast to what was observed in the primary response, we found that LLO56 had a much larger recall res ...
The role of innate immunity in the induction of autoimmunity
... normal immune system relates to the presence of antibodies to bacterial DNA in the serum of normal humans (Table 2). These anti-DNA differ in specificity from anti-DNA autoantibodies found in SLE sera, which bind the DNA backbone. In contrast, antibodies to bacterial DNA from normal individuals bind ...
... normal immune system relates to the presence of antibodies to bacterial DNA in the serum of normal humans (Table 2). These anti-DNA differ in specificity from anti-DNA autoantibodies found in SLE sera, which bind the DNA backbone. In contrast, antibodies to bacterial DNA from normal individuals bind ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.