- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
... for the last several decades should be caused mainly by environmental factors because it is hard to reconcile that genetic factors changed so rapidly. The hygiene hypothesis has proposed that a TH1 deviation on early exposure to bacterial or viral infection protects against allergic diseases by redu ...
... for the last several decades should be caused mainly by environmental factors because it is hard to reconcile that genetic factors changed so rapidly. The hygiene hypothesis has proposed that a TH1 deviation on early exposure to bacterial or viral infection protects against allergic diseases by redu ...
Comprehensive analyses of tumor immunity: implications for cancer
... Background: Understanding the interactions between tumor and the host immune system is critical to finding prognostic biomarkers, reducing drug resistance, and developing new therapies. Novel computational methods are needed to estimate tumor-infiltrating immune cells and understand tumor–immune int ...
... Background: Understanding the interactions between tumor and the host immune system is critical to finding prognostic biomarkers, reducing drug resistance, and developing new therapies. Novel computational methods are needed to estimate tumor-infiltrating immune cells and understand tumor–immune int ...
ADJUVANTS
... How aluminium salts can stimulate APCs and adaptive immune responses ? - In culture of lymph node cells from mice immunized with alum it was observed increased IL-1 and IL-4 production and proliferation of T cells. Treatment with anti-IL-4 decreased the proliferation (GRUN & MAURER, 1989) ...
... How aluminium salts can stimulate APCs and adaptive immune responses ? - In culture of lymph node cells from mice immunized with alum it was observed increased IL-1 and IL-4 production and proliferation of T cells. Treatment with anti-IL-4 decreased the proliferation (GRUN & MAURER, 1989) ...
Why do some breast cancer cells remain dormant?*
... of antigen-specific Ig with specific receptors on neutrophils, macrophages and NK cells, resulting in an alternative path to cell-mediated cytotoxicity (antibody- or complement-dependent). The integration of innate and adaptive immune responses by dendritic cells and immunoglobulin molecules argues ...
... of antigen-specific Ig with specific receptors on neutrophils, macrophages and NK cells, resulting in an alternative path to cell-mediated cytotoxicity (antibody- or complement-dependent). The integration of innate and adaptive immune responses by dendritic cells and immunoglobulin molecules argues ...
INTRODUCTION - HAL
... IB gene activity through reduced induction of transcription and increased destabilization of IB mRNA, as well as increased proteasome-mediated IB degradation, as demonstrated by the accumulation of the phosphorylated form of IB in the presence of MG132, a proteasome inhibitor [54]. The downr ...
... IB gene activity through reduced induction of transcription and increased destabilization of IB mRNA, as well as increased proteasome-mediated IB degradation, as demonstrated by the accumulation of the phosphorylated form of IB in the presence of MG132, a proteasome inhibitor [54]. The downr ...
Immune response to biologic scaffold materials
... the same degradation fate via enzymatic breakdown. Toll-like receptors may play an important role in this regard as they bind soluble DNA so that they can be broken down into nucleotides for future use by the cells [56,57]. Despite the universal presence of DNA remnants in commercially available ECM ...
... the same degradation fate via enzymatic breakdown. Toll-like receptors may play an important role in this regard as they bind soluble DNA so that they can be broken down into nucleotides for future use by the cells [56,57]. Despite the universal presence of DNA remnants in commercially available ECM ...
Innate Immune Cells: Key Regulators of Homeostasis and
... they have a key role in tissue patrolling, and in protective immunity and controlled hyporesponsiveness to microbiota and ingested or inhaled components. For instance, a study has demonstrated that commensal bacteria can promote intestinal homeostasis through cytokine cross-talk between tissuereside ...
... they have a key role in tissue patrolling, and in protective immunity and controlled hyporesponsiveness to microbiota and ingested or inhaled components. For instance, a study has demonstrated that commensal bacteria can promote intestinal homeostasis through cytokine cross-talk between tissuereside ...
CD1d Ligands: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
... the CD1 family of Ag-presenting molecules and is responsible for the selection of NKT cells. A number of ligands that can be presented by CD1d to NKT or other CD1drestricted T cells have been identified. These include glycolipids from a marine sponge, bacterial glycolipids, normal endogenous glycoli ...
... the CD1 family of Ag-presenting molecules and is responsible for the selection of NKT cells. A number of ligands that can be presented by CD1d to NKT or other CD1drestricted T cells have been identified. These include glycolipids from a marine sponge, bacterial glycolipids, normal endogenous glycoli ...
Shiseido Focuses on Langerhans Cells to
... command the other immune cells (lymphoid cells) to attack and resist those foreign objects. The self-protection function is also unique to Langerhans cells. Upon detecting a stimuli response factor that causes skin troubles, for example inflammation caused by external stimuli such as UV exposure, dr ...
... command the other immune cells (lymphoid cells) to attack and resist those foreign objects. The self-protection function is also unique to Langerhans cells. Upon detecting a stimuli response factor that causes skin troubles, for example inflammation caused by external stimuli such as UV exposure, dr ...
Immunostimulation with Vaccines
... Adhesin (FimH) binds to mannose be exposed when breakage oligosacchaarides attached to occurs at these sites. uroplakin on surface of urinary bladder epithelium ...
... Adhesin (FimH) binds to mannose be exposed when breakage oligosacchaarides attached to occurs at these sites. uroplakin on surface of urinary bladder epithelium ...
diagnosis and control for multi-agent systems using immune networks
... correspondingly to the world if its concentration is ...
... correspondingly to the world if its concentration is ...
Immune response and virus population composition: HIV as a case
... the disease. Therapy directed against the infection (highly active anti-retroviral therapy i.e. HAART) is only partially efficient, even in the absence of drug-resistant escape mutants, and causes major shifts in the viral quasi-species composition (Haase 1999). Also, AIDS is closely associated with ...
... the disease. Therapy directed against the infection (highly active anti-retroviral therapy i.e. HAART) is only partially efficient, even in the absence of drug-resistant escape mutants, and causes major shifts in the viral quasi-species composition (Haase 1999). Also, AIDS is closely associated with ...
FUNCTIONAL SUBCLASSES OF T LYMPHOCYTES
... that would define cell surface components expressed selectively on one or another T-cell subclass. Genes coding for such components would most likely be expressed exclusively in T cells . Because the Ly antigens are said to be reduced on lymphoid cells from neonatally thymectomized mice (6), and hav ...
... that would define cell surface components expressed selectively on one or another T-cell subclass. Genes coding for such components would most likely be expressed exclusively in T cells . Because the Ly antigens are said to be reduced on lymphoid cells from neonatally thymectomized mice (6), and hav ...
Antigen-presenting cells in the hypertrophic pharyngeal tonsils
... macrophages were investigated in the pharyngeal tonsil in this study. We detected morphologically that the cells have close interactions with each other. The antigen presenting role of the pseudostratifed columnar epithelium of pharyngeal tonsils is controversial in previous studies. Nieuwkerk et al ...
... macrophages were investigated in the pharyngeal tonsil in this study. We detected morphologically that the cells have close interactions with each other. The antigen presenting role of the pseudostratifed columnar epithelium of pharyngeal tonsils is controversial in previous studies. Nieuwkerk et al ...
The Thymus in "Bare Lymphocyte" Syndrome: Signific ance of
... Products of the MHC are essential for cell-cell interactions in the affere,nt and effector phase of the immune response. Immune recognition by T lymphocytes requires the simultaneous recognition of antigen and MHC antigens [1,2]. The thymus appears to be the privileged site for restriction or amplif ...
... Products of the MHC are essential for cell-cell interactions in the affere,nt and effector phase of the immune response. Immune recognition by T lymphocytes requires the simultaneous recognition of antigen and MHC antigens [1,2]. The thymus appears to be the privileged site for restriction or amplif ...
Tracking antigen specific T cell dynamics in vivo
... Model for the control of pathogenic immune responses by TR cells. (a) In the steady-state, low numbers of immature DC traffic to the draining lymph node (LN) from uninflamed tissues and present self-peptides (yellow) to both TR and TPATH cells. The relatively high ratio of TR:TPATH cells, together ...
... Model for the control of pathogenic immune responses by TR cells. (a) In the steady-state, low numbers of immature DC traffic to the draining lymph node (LN) from uninflamed tissues and present self-peptides (yellow) to both TR and TPATH cells. The relatively high ratio of TR:TPATH cells, together ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.