The Immune System - Wiley-VCH
... multi-cellular organisms, including plants. Adaptive defence mechanisms have evolved more recently in vertebrates. In vertebrates, the interaction of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms is essential for the generation of effective immunity to infection. To introduce the mechanisms of immunity we s ...
... multi-cellular organisms, including plants. Adaptive defence mechanisms have evolved more recently in vertebrates. In vertebrates, the interaction of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms is essential for the generation of effective immunity to infection. To introduce the mechanisms of immunity we s ...
- Zaharoff Laboratory
... Animal care and use. All mice were housed in microisolator cages under pathogen-free conditions in accordance with the procedures outlined in The Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Research Council). Female C57BL/6 mice (H-2b) were purchased from Taconic Farms. Mice expressing th ...
... Animal care and use. All mice were housed in microisolator cages under pathogen-free conditions in accordance with the procedures outlined in The Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Research Council). Female C57BL/6 mice (H-2b) were purchased from Taconic Farms. Mice expressing th ...
PATHOGENESIS OF AN EMERGING PATHOGEN – CRIMEAN
... the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-6 and IL-10. Interestingly, conditioned media from CCHFV-infected moDCs activated ECs as indicated by enhanced intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression. This effect was shown to be dependent on TNF. The work presented in this thesis provide ...
... the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-6 and IL-10. Interestingly, conditioned media from CCHFV-infected moDCs activated ECs as indicated by enhanced intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression. This effect was shown to be dependent on TNF. The work presented in this thesis provide ...
IDENTIFICATION OF THE SEROTYPE-SPECIFIC AND GROUP-SPECIFIC
... the New Jersey (NJ) strain of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) were precipitated with homologous GP antiserum and antiserum from a heterologous EHDV strain (Alberta). Immune precipitates are shown in Fig. 2. ...
... the New Jersey (NJ) strain of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) were precipitated with homologous GP antiserum and antiserum from a heterologous EHDV strain (Alberta). Immune precipitates are shown in Fig. 2. ...
Expression of SpC3, the sea urchin complement component, in
... the harbor at Newport, Calif., where the facility was located. This meant that the animals were continuously exposed to microbes and other challenges from the environment and that their immune systems were at least partially activated before any experiment was initiated. These problems were addresse ...
... the harbor at Newport, Calif., where the facility was located. This meant that the animals were continuously exposed to microbes and other challenges from the environment and that their immune systems were at least partially activated before any experiment was initiated. These problems were addresse ...
T Cell Differentiation - The Journal of Immunology
... reat advances in techniques allowing ex vivo enumeration of Ag-specific T cells (using tetramers, ELISPOT, or intracellular cytokine straining) have led to quantification of CD8⫹ T cell responses to several viral pathogens including lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)3 and influenza virus (1–5 ...
... reat advances in techniques allowing ex vivo enumeration of Ag-specific T cells (using tetramers, ELISPOT, or intracellular cytokine straining) have led to quantification of CD8⫹ T cell responses to several viral pathogens including lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)3 and influenza virus (1–5 ...
Effects of temperature on fish immune defences
... In particular, we noted that sialic acid levels decreased with temperature reduction. Thus, the uncovering of other terminal sugar residues or a different arrangement of glycans induced by desialylation of glycoconjugates correlates with a modification of plasma membrane structure and function. Cons ...
... In particular, we noted that sialic acid levels decreased with temperature reduction. Thus, the uncovering of other terminal sugar residues or a different arrangement of glycans induced by desialylation of glycoconjugates correlates with a modification of plasma membrane structure and function. Cons ...
Stable individual differences in physiological response
... lymphocyte proliferation, increased natural killer cell cytotoxicity, and increased numbers of CD8+ and CD16+/56+ or CD56+ cells in circulation (e.g., Cacioppo, 1994; Cohen et al., 2000; Herbert et al., 1994; Manuck et al., 1991). Adreno-receptor blocking studies have also provided support for the c ...
... lymphocyte proliferation, increased natural killer cell cytotoxicity, and increased numbers of CD8+ and CD16+/56+ or CD56+ cells in circulation (e.g., Cacioppo, 1994; Cohen et al., 2000; Herbert et al., 1994; Manuck et al., 1991). Adreno-receptor blocking studies have also provided support for the c ...
Pattern Generated by Oxidative Stress Th2
... role for innate immune engagement by lipoxidation- and glycoxidation-derived products (5), in particular aldehyde-modified proteins and phospholipids (7, 8). Such extensive, and in many cases proinflammatory, involvement of innate immunity is likely to provide fertile ground for the elicitation of a ...
... role for innate immune engagement by lipoxidation- and glycoxidation-derived products (5), in particular aldehyde-modified proteins and phospholipids (7, 8). Such extensive, and in many cases proinflammatory, involvement of innate immunity is likely to provide fertile ground for the elicitation of a ...
Discriminating between Different Pathways of Memory CD8 T Cell
... reat advances in techniques allowing ex vivo enumeration of Ag-specific T cells (using tetramers, ELISPOT, or intracellular cytokine straining) have led to quantification of CD8⫹ T cell responses to several viral pathogens including lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)3 and influenza virus (1–5 ...
... reat advances in techniques allowing ex vivo enumeration of Ag-specific T cells (using tetramers, ELISPOT, or intracellular cytokine straining) have led to quantification of CD8⫹ T cell responses to several viral pathogens including lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)3 and influenza virus (1–5 ...
Multiple routes to B-cell memory
... The immune system has one fundamental function—to recognize foreign invaders and reject them from the body, while ensuring that such defense mechanisms do not destroy the host. This function remains the center around which the immune system, at the cellular, biochemical, genetic and Introduction epi ...
... The immune system has one fundamental function—to recognize foreign invaders and reject them from the body, while ensuring that such defense mechanisms do not destroy the host. This function remains the center around which the immune system, at the cellular, biochemical, genetic and Introduction epi ...
Hepatocytes: a key cell type for innate immunity
... example, hepatocytes constitutively produce and secrete a variety of proteins that play important roles in innate immunity (Table 1).1 Most of these proteins are further elevated after bacterial infection. Additionally, hepatocytes receive pathogenic and inflammatory signals and respond by secreting ...
... example, hepatocytes constitutively produce and secrete a variety of proteins that play important roles in innate immunity (Table 1).1 Most of these proteins are further elevated after bacterial infection. Additionally, hepatocytes receive pathogenic and inflammatory signals and respond by secreting ...
Antoine Roquilly, MD (1-2), Alexis Broquet, PhD (1), Cedric Jacqueline,... Gautreau, PhD (3-4), Jean Pierre Segain, PhD (5), Pierre de... TLR-4 agonist in post-haemorrhage pneumonia: role of dendritic and natural...
... increase both the length of stay in the intensive care unit and the risk of death [1]. Methicillinsusceptible Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the main pathogen involved in post-traumatic pneumonia [2]. This post-traumatic susceptibility to sepsis has been related to a state of immunosuppression ...
... increase both the length of stay in the intensive care unit and the risk of death [1]. Methicillinsusceptible Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the main pathogen involved in post-traumatic pneumonia [2]. This post-traumatic susceptibility to sepsis has been related to a state of immunosuppression ...
Enhancement of an anti-tumor immune response by transient
... cells (mTECs) eliminate self-reactive T cells by displaying a diverse repertoire of tissuespecific antigens (TSAs) that are also shared by tumors. Therefore, while protecting against autoimmunity, mTECs simultaneously limit the generation of tumor-specific effector T cells by expressing tumor self-a ...
... cells (mTECs) eliminate self-reactive T cells by displaying a diverse repertoire of tissuespecific antigens (TSAs) that are also shared by tumors. Therefore, while protecting against autoimmunity, mTECs simultaneously limit the generation of tumor-specific effector T cells by expressing tumor self-a ...
Interactions between respiratory tract infections and atopy in the
... against such antigens. This IgA "blanket" has been perceived to function as a protective exclusion barrier to minimize the penetration of inert antigens below epithelia, thus preventing effective systemic sensitization of the immune system. However, the results of studies arising from the introducti ...
... against such antigens. This IgA "blanket" has been perceived to function as a protective exclusion barrier to minimize the penetration of inert antigens below epithelia, thus preventing effective systemic sensitization of the immune system. However, the results of studies arising from the introducti ...
Streptococcus pneumoniae Responses Without Altered
... adrenal (HPA) axis, plays a prominent role in the response to psychological, physical, or immunological stress (5, 6). The key hormones of the HPA axis have been shown to modulate immune function. Glucocorticoids have profound effects on immune system development and function (7). While generally co ...
... adrenal (HPA) axis, plays a prominent role in the response to psychological, physical, or immunological stress (5, 6). The key hormones of the HPA axis have been shown to modulate immune function. Glucocorticoids have profound effects on immune system development and function (7). While generally co ...
Caspase-2-Dependent Dendritic Cell Death, Maturation, and
... mediate DC maturation. B. abortus-exposed MyD88 knockout DCs showed a significant impairment of maturation, shown by an observed decrease in DC expression of CD40, CD86, MHC class II, IL-12 and TNF-a [19]. Caspase-2 is the most conserved caspase across mammal species. Of the family of 13 caspases in ...
... mediate DC maturation. B. abortus-exposed MyD88 knockout DCs showed a significant impairment of maturation, shown by an observed decrease in DC expression of CD40, CD86, MHC class II, IL-12 and TNF-a [19]. Caspase-2 is the most conserved caspase across mammal species. Of the family of 13 caspases in ...
- Wiley Online Library
... cells, we injected 4T1 fLuc tumor cells intratibially and subcutaneously, then used FACS analysis to determine effects on immune cell populations. To narrow our focus, we conducted preliminary experiments that examined multiple cell types including dendritic cells, both myeloid and pDC, macrophages, ...
... cells, we injected 4T1 fLuc tumor cells intratibially and subcutaneously, then used FACS analysis to determine effects on immune cell populations. To narrow our focus, we conducted preliminary experiments that examined multiple cell types including dendritic cells, both myeloid and pDC, macrophages, ...
Toward An Understanding of Allergy and In
... exposure, the relationship between food and symptoms is much more difficult to spot. It is these reactions for which a food allergy test measuring IgG antibodies can be most clinically useful. IgG-mediated reactions typically result from exposure to an excess of antigen over an extended period of ti ...
... exposure, the relationship between food and symptoms is much more difficult to spot. It is these reactions for which a food allergy test measuring IgG antibodies can be most clinically useful. IgG-mediated reactions typically result from exposure to an excess of antigen over an extended period of ti ...
Entire conference report by Dr Ros Vallings
... could exacerbate disease. The supposed reductions of noradrenaline increase inflammatory responses, the amyloid burden and neurotropic factors. Noradrenaline is mainly produced in the locus coeruleus (LC). This part of the brain is damaged in Alzheimer’s and Parkinsonism. LC loss correlates with pla ...
... could exacerbate disease. The supposed reductions of noradrenaline increase inflammatory responses, the amyloid burden and neurotropic factors. Noradrenaline is mainly produced in the locus coeruleus (LC). This part of the brain is damaged in Alzheimer’s and Parkinsonism. LC loss correlates with pla ...
IMMUNOLOGICAL UNRESPONSIVENESS TO
... of a subpopulation of B cells having PBA receptors for the PBA property of the antigen or absence of such receptors on B cells. (b) Lack of expression of Ig receptors responsible for antigen focussing, either because of lack of the proper V genes or lack of V gene expression. We have previously desc ...
... of a subpopulation of B cells having PBA receptors for the PBA property of the antigen or absence of such receptors on B cells. (b) Lack of expression of Ig receptors responsible for antigen focussing, either because of lack of the proper V genes or lack of V gene expression. We have previously desc ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.