The human spleen after trauma Leemans, Rob
... surfaces to the white pulp veins. Slit-like spaces, which can be penetrated by cells flowing from the pulp cords, separate the endothelial cells. The basal membranes have been shown to contain actin and myosin which can probably contract to vary the tension in the endothelial cell and the dimensions ...
... surfaces to the white pulp veins. Slit-like spaces, which can be penetrated by cells flowing from the pulp cords, separate the endothelial cells. The basal membranes have been shown to contain actin and myosin which can probably contract to vary the tension in the endothelial cell and the dimensions ...
The purpose of this summary is exclusively educational, to provide
... (vii) optimal treatment: restore tolerance (immunotherapy). ...
... (vii) optimal treatment: restore tolerance (immunotherapy). ...
Prolonged suckling period in organic piglet production – Effects on
... farm of the Institute of Organic Farming of the Federal Agricultural Research Centre in Trenthorst, Germany, in accordance with Regulation 2092/91/EEC and the IFOAM Basic Guidelines. A total of 44 sows of the genotype “Schaumann” (crossbreed of German Landrace, German Large White, and Duroc) were ke ...
... farm of the Institute of Organic Farming of the Federal Agricultural Research Centre in Trenthorst, Germany, in accordance with Regulation 2092/91/EEC and the IFOAM Basic Guidelines. A total of 44 sows of the genotype “Schaumann” (crossbreed of German Landrace, German Large White, and Duroc) were ke ...
Role and prognostic importance of regulatory T cells in lung cancer
... 4.2. TNM classification and survival of patients ................................................. 68 4.3. Treatment of lung cancer patients ................................................................ 71 4.4. Era of combined therapies: promising for NSCLC ...................................... ...
... 4.2. TNM classification and survival of patients ................................................. 68 4.3. Treatment of lung cancer patients ................................................................ 71 4.4. Era of combined therapies: promising for NSCLC ...................................... ...
Pathogen-Induced Apoptotic Neutrophils Express Heat
... apoptosis in neutrophils represents a pathogenic strategy for microbes to eliminate these key immune cells and use them as “Trojan horses” to enter M. However, in the cited studies, neutrophil apoptosis was induced by age or irradiation; thus, the results may not apply to the very early phase of in ...
... apoptosis in neutrophils represents a pathogenic strategy for microbes to eliminate these key immune cells and use them as “Trojan horses” to enter M. However, in the cited studies, neutrophil apoptosis was induced by age or irradiation; thus, the results may not apply to the very early phase of in ...
Monocytes + CD11c + Human CD14 Single
... Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Ken J. Ishii, Department of Host ...
... Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Ken J. Ishii, Department of Host ...
Cells Intestinal Lamina Propria as Regulatory T Cells in Human
... cells, indicate an increased state of activation of the T cell system in IBD (28). Although intestinal lamina propria (LP) T cells are already preactivated, the activation is further increased in both the circulation and mucosa from IBD patients as determined by several activation markers as compare ...
... cells, indicate an increased state of activation of the T cell system in IBD (28). Although intestinal lamina propria (LP) T cells are already preactivated, the activation is further increased in both the circulation and mucosa from IBD patients as determined by several activation markers as compare ...
Clever tricks EBV employed to modulate innate immunity during
... are naïve B cells and epithelial cells, but EBV can also infect or can be taken up by other cell types, including monocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs)9. EBV tethers to B cells by binding of the viral glycoprotein gp350 to complement receptor CR2 (CD21), a receptor expressed by B cells9. ...
... are naïve B cells and epithelial cells, but EBV can also infect or can be taken up by other cell types, including monocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs)9. EBV tethers to B cells by binding of the viral glycoprotein gp350 to complement receptor CR2 (CD21), a receptor expressed by B cells9. ...
FONGAnti-inflammatoryRole2010
... mice treated with anti-TNF antibody show increased STAT1 activation and IL12 expression after LPS and IFN stimulation. BMDM infected with adenovirus expressing IKKβ dominant negative rescued the inhibitory effect of TNFα on IL12p40 production, indicating TNFα inhibits IL-12p40 via IKKβ activation. ...
... mice treated with anti-TNF antibody show increased STAT1 activation and IL12 expression after LPS and IFN stimulation. BMDM infected with adenovirus expressing IKKβ dominant negative rescued the inhibitory effect of TNFα on IL12p40 production, indicating TNFα inhibits IL-12p40 via IKKβ activation. ...
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Control of Adaptive Immunity
... The inactive, cytosolic AhR is part of a protein complex that includes the 90-kDa heat shock protein (HSP90), the c-SRC protein kinase, and the AhR-interacting protein Ara9 (Fig. 1). Ligand binding triggers conformational changes that expose a protein kinase C target site, phosphorylation of which t ...
... The inactive, cytosolic AhR is part of a protein complex that includes the 90-kDa heat shock protein (HSP90), the c-SRC protein kinase, and the AhR-interacting protein Ara9 (Fig. 1). Ligand binding triggers conformational changes that expose a protein kinase C target site, phosphorylation of which t ...
Our focus is on vaccines
... • VEEV and WEEV have been successfully weaponized • Current Vaccine development focused on live, attenuated viruses ...
... • VEEV and WEEV have been successfully weaponized • Current Vaccine development focused on live, attenuated viruses ...
CXCL10 Inhibits Viral Replication Through Recruitment of Natural
... Abstract—Coxsackievirus (CV)B3 is the primary cause of viral myocarditis. We previously observed CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) upregulation in the myocardium early in infection. However, the impact of CXCL10 in CVB3-induced myocarditis is unknown. Using isolated primary mouse cardiomyocytes we de ...
... Abstract—Coxsackievirus (CV)B3 is the primary cause of viral myocarditis. We previously observed CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) upregulation in the myocardium early in infection. However, the impact of CXCL10 in CVB3-induced myocarditis is unknown. Using isolated primary mouse cardiomyocytes we de ...
CHAPTER ONE
... (2) Changes in mucosal osmotic permeability, resulting from mucosal destruction. (3) Changes in fluid and electrolytes homeostasis through the toxin’s action on ion channels. ...
... (2) Changes in mucosal osmotic permeability, resulting from mucosal destruction. (3) Changes in fluid and electrolytes homeostasis through the toxin’s action on ion channels. ...
the role of intestinal epithelial cells and the regulation
... epithelium consists of a single layer of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) that provides a physical barrier as well as innate immune defense, preventing this vast community of microbes from entering host tissues. Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) acts as the first line of antigen-specific immunity ...
... epithelium consists of a single layer of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) that provides a physical barrier as well as innate immune defense, preventing this vast community of microbes from entering host tissues. Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) acts as the first line of antigen-specific immunity ...
View PDF - FEMS Microbiology Reviews
... Figure 1. Multiple balances determine the outcome of malaria infections. An imbalance between host immunity and parasite evasion mechanisms during the erythrocytic phase of malaria results in pathology and may rapidly evolve into life-threatening complications. Multiple immunological, parasitologica ...
... Figure 1. Multiple balances determine the outcome of malaria infections. An imbalance between host immunity and parasite evasion mechanisms during the erythrocytic phase of malaria results in pathology and may rapidly evolve into life-threatening complications. Multiple immunological, parasitologica ...
The Role of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in
... washes and even the contact lens cases of asymptomatic individuals9, 38, 39. The high incidence of anti-Acanthamoeba antibodies in the general population suggests that environmental exposure to Acanthamoeba antigens leads to “herd immunity” and that those individuals who contract Acanthamoeba kerati ...
... washes and even the contact lens cases of asymptomatic individuals9, 38, 39. The high incidence of anti-Acanthamoeba antibodies in the general population suggests that environmental exposure to Acanthamoeba antigens leads to “herd immunity” and that those individuals who contract Acanthamoeba kerati ...
Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
... rohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that may affect the whole gastrointestinal tract. It was initially hypothesized that the inflammatory pathology in CD was exclusively a result of dysregulated adaptive immune responses (eg, T cells).1 However, more recent data implicate ...
... rohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that may affect the whole gastrointestinal tract. It was initially hypothesized that the inflammatory pathology in CD was exclusively a result of dysregulated adaptive immune responses (eg, T cells).1 However, more recent data implicate ...
Recognition of bacteria by inflammasomes.
... secretion systems, such as the S. Typhimurium SPI-1 type III secretion system (T3SS) or the L. pneumophila Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS). The physiological role of these secretion systems is to translocate bacterial virulence von Moltke et al. ...
... secretion systems, such as the S. Typhimurium SPI-1 type III secretion system (T3SS) or the L. pneumophila Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS). The physiological role of these secretion systems is to translocate bacterial virulence von Moltke et al. ...
THE HLA SYSTEM
... set up an immune response that will recognize and destroy cells with this same foreign antigen/HLA complex when next encountered. The exact mode of action of HLA Class I and HLA Class II antigens is different in this process. HLA Class I molecules, by virtue of their presence on all nucleated cells, ...
... set up an immune response that will recognize and destroy cells with this same foreign antigen/HLA complex when next encountered. The exact mode of action of HLA Class I and HLA Class II antigens is different in this process. HLA Class I molecules, by virtue of their presence on all nucleated cells, ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.