Title: A longitudinal study of BCG vaccination: dynamics
... In comparison with pre vaccination time point (T0), IFN-γ, IL-5 and IL-13 responses to PPD increased after BCG vaccination at 5 months of age (p<0.001 for ...
... In comparison with pre vaccination time point (T0), IFN-γ, IL-5 and IL-13 responses to PPD increased after BCG vaccination at 5 months of age (p<0.001 for ...
Welcome to the Nature Immunology Immune Evasion Web Focus
... under these selective conditions then depends on other strategies such as antigenic variation 6. Thus microorganisms can have an array of immune-evasion strategies each designed for specific settings. Sequestration Cellular and humoral forms of immunity are pervasive, although the "surveillance" doe ...
... under these selective conditions then depends on other strategies such as antigenic variation 6. Thus microorganisms can have an array of immune-evasion strategies each designed for specific settings. Sequestration Cellular and humoral forms of immunity are pervasive, although the "surveillance" doe ...
Chapter 1 - Baboola Sumo
... increase, and many uses that we cannot now imagine will be tried. Medical microbes and Repnumi rejuvenation. I expect progress in the medical use of genetically engineered microbes to lead to progress toward Repnumi rejuvenation for two reasons. First, genetically engineered microbes will probably b ...
... increase, and many uses that we cannot now imagine will be tried. Medical microbes and Repnumi rejuvenation. I expect progress in the medical use of genetically engineered microbes to lead to progress toward Repnumi rejuvenation for two reasons. First, genetically engineered microbes will probably b ...
PowerPoint Slides
... • A 60-year follow-up study of American Indians reported the longterm efficacy of BCG to be 52%. The reasons for the low efficacy of the BCG vaccine may be generic differences in the BCG strains, differences in immunological properties of study populations or exposure to environmental factors such a ...
... • A 60-year follow-up study of American Indians reported the longterm efficacy of BCG to be 52%. The reasons for the low efficacy of the BCG vaccine may be generic differences in the BCG strains, differences in immunological properties of study populations or exposure to environmental factors such a ...
COMMITTEE FOR MEDICINAL PRODUCTS FOR HUMAN USE (CHMP)
... cancer and fertility treatment. In many cases, because of their low immunogenicity these vaccines require adjuvants. New technologies in the fields of analytical biochemistry, macromolecular purification, recombinant technology, and a better understanding of immunological mechanisms and disease path ...
... cancer and fertility treatment. In many cases, because of their low immunogenicity these vaccines require adjuvants. New technologies in the fields of analytical biochemistry, macromolecular purification, recombinant technology, and a better understanding of immunological mechanisms and disease path ...
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulates bovine neutrophil production
... molecule expression. These two cytokines also increase hepatic synthesis of acute phase proteins that facilitate complement activation and host detection of bacterial cell wall products [15, 18]. PMN recruitment to the site of infection is further mediated by the upregulation of the chemoattractant ...
... molecule expression. These two cytokines also increase hepatic synthesis of acute phase proteins that facilitate complement activation and host detection of bacterial cell wall products [15, 18]. PMN recruitment to the site of infection is further mediated by the upregulation of the chemoattractant ...
MINIREVIEW Mounting Evidence for Vitamin D - Direct-MS
... one would need to eradicate either the self-antigen or the immune cells responsible for the pathology. Eradication of the self-antigen is impossible; therefore, treatment options include various strategies aimed at regulating the autoimmune response. The evidence linking vitamin D status as a potent ...
... one would need to eradicate either the self-antigen or the immune cells responsible for the pathology. Eradication of the self-antigen is impossible; therefore, treatment options include various strategies aimed at regulating the autoimmune response. The evidence linking vitamin D status as a potent ...
autoimmunity - Thyroid Disease Manager
... in normal immune responses, and in presentation of self-antigens. In many instances -including autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) as detailed below -- inheritance of a specific HLA gene correlates with increased susceptibility to disease. In some cases this can be related to a gene coding for a speci ...
... in normal immune responses, and in presentation of self-antigens. In many instances -including autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) as detailed below -- inheritance of a specific HLA gene correlates with increased susceptibility to disease. In some cases this can be related to a gene coding for a speci ...
Mucosal immune response in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L
... inflammatory response by activating IL-1b, IL-6 and IL-8. Local differences in expression pattern dependent on stimulation by DAMPs alone or DAMPs/PAMPs combination. In addition, the absence of marked differences on the respiratory burst activity in head-kidney cells supports the idea of a localized ...
... inflammatory response by activating IL-1b, IL-6 and IL-8. Local differences in expression pattern dependent on stimulation by DAMPs alone or DAMPs/PAMPs combination. In addition, the absence of marked differences on the respiratory burst activity in head-kidney cells supports the idea of a localized ...
BIOL 105 S 2011 Ch 14 Practice Midterm Exam 2 110429.1
... 44) In an experimental situation, a virus is injected into a rabbit and the rabbit is allowed to make antibodies for the viral antigen. These antibodies are then removed from the rabbit plasma and injected into a human to help deal with the same viral disease. This would be an example of A) innate i ...
... 44) In an experimental situation, a virus is injected into a rabbit and the rabbit is allowed to make antibodies for the viral antigen. These antibodies are then removed from the rabbit plasma and injected into a human to help deal with the same viral disease. This would be an example of A) innate i ...
Document
... the age-dependent limited expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) molecules on the surface of foal dendritic cells, which are used as markers of maturation and competence for antigen presentation to lymphocytes.53,55,56 Although both macrophages and neutrophils patrol ...
... the age-dependent limited expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) molecules on the surface of foal dendritic cells, which are used as markers of maturation and competence for antigen presentation to lymphocytes.53,55,56 Although both macrophages and neutrophils patrol ...
Immune function across generations: integrating mechanism and
... bodies in eggs. In mammals, antibodies are transferred across the placenta prior to birth and through the colostrum and breast milk postnatally (Ehrlich 1892; Brambell 1970; table 1). There is recent evidence that invertebrates, which do not produce antibodies, also have some mechanism of maternal t ...
... bodies in eggs. In mammals, antibodies are transferred across the placenta prior to birth and through the colostrum and breast milk postnatally (Ehrlich 1892; Brambell 1970; table 1). There is recent evidence that invertebrates, which do not produce antibodies, also have some mechanism of maternal t ...
Trichophyton rubrum Manipulates the Innate Immune Functions of
... system? [7,8]. It has been proposed that T. rubrum may have developed evasion mechanisms to escape or even to suppress the host immune responses [9-11]. It is well known that patients that resolve this infection do so using cellular immunity (Th1-type) as the main resource * E-mail: luzalegar@hotmai ...
... system? [7,8]. It has been proposed that T. rubrum may have developed evasion mechanisms to escape or even to suppress the host immune responses [9-11]. It is well known that patients that resolve this infection do so using cellular immunity (Th1-type) as the main resource * E-mail: luzalegar@hotmai ...
crosstalk between epithelial cells and macrophages - DORAS
... In order to cope with the overwhelming amount of commensal bacteria, dietary and environmental antigens, homeostasis in the intestine relies upon the fine tuned crosstalk between the immune cells and their environment. One of the key regulators of homeostasis in the intestine are macrophages. Unlike ...
... In order to cope with the overwhelming amount of commensal bacteria, dietary and environmental antigens, homeostasis in the intestine relies upon the fine tuned crosstalk between the immune cells and their environment. One of the key regulators of homeostasis in the intestine are macrophages. Unlike ...
Analysis of the Original Antigenic Sin Antibody Response to the
... Thus, the OAS response to C. trachomatis could also represent a host defense mechanism against MOMP antigenic variation. We have been interested in understanding OAS to determine if it can be exploited in vaccination against the known multiple serovars of C. trachomatis. Previously, we demonstrated ...
... Thus, the OAS response to C. trachomatis could also represent a host defense mechanism against MOMP antigenic variation. We have been interested in understanding OAS to determine if it can be exploited in vaccination against the known multiple serovars of C. trachomatis. Previously, we demonstrated ...
Autophagy Delivers Viral Antigens for MHC Class II Presentation
... To address the general relevance and the efficacy of this novel MHC class II pathway, we quantified autophagy in MHC class II-positive human cells and demonstrated constitutive autophagosome formation in epithelial, B and dendritic cells. The autophagosome marker Atg8/LC3 strongly overlapped with m ...
... To address the general relevance and the efficacy of this novel MHC class II pathway, we quantified autophagy in MHC class II-positive human cells and demonstrated constitutive autophagosome formation in epithelial, B and dendritic cells. The autophagosome marker Atg8/LC3 strongly overlapped with m ...
Pollen-Induced Oxidative Stress Influences Both Innate and
... maturation, and consequently induce adaptive immune responses. Recently, it has been shown that pollen grains and their allergenic extracts have a potent pro-oxidant activity, which induces profound oxidative stress in the lung or conjunctiva within minutes after exposure (3–5). Inhibition of this i ...
... maturation, and consequently induce adaptive immune responses. Recently, it has been shown that pollen grains and their allergenic extracts have a potent pro-oxidant activity, which induces profound oxidative stress in the lung or conjunctiva within minutes after exposure (3–5). Inhibition of this i ...
Mucosal Vaccines: Where Do We Stand?
... and IgG in serum [26] because mucosal DCs may migrate and carry antigen to systemic inductive sites (lymph nodes and spleen) [27,28] and a fraction of the B cells activated in the mucosa or mucosa-draining lymph nodes express the “peripheral” or systemic homing receptors, 4/ 1 and Lselectin [22]. By ...
... and IgG in serum [26] because mucosal DCs may migrate and carry antigen to systemic inductive sites (lymph nodes and spleen) [27,28] and a fraction of the B cells activated in the mucosa or mucosa-draining lymph nodes express the “peripheral” or systemic homing receptors, 4/ 1 and Lselectin [22]. By ...
Licentiate thesis from the Department of Immunology,
... with variable efficacy ranging from 0-80%. In addition to the problems associated with the BCG vaccine, diagnosis of TB cannot be performed readily with the available tools. At present, an effective control of TB is highly dependent on the development of a new TB-vaccine as well as proper identifica ...
... with variable efficacy ranging from 0-80%. In addition to the problems associated with the BCG vaccine, diagnosis of TB cannot be performed readily with the available tools. At present, an effective control of TB is highly dependent on the development of a new TB-vaccine as well as proper identifica ...
View PDF - e-Science Central
... PI3P-binding effectors. In the second step, ubiquitin-like conjugation systems play an important role in regulating vesicle elongation and completion. There are two systems: the Atg16-Atg12-Atg5 complex controls the curvature of the growing membrane; and cleavage of the microtubule associated protei ...
... PI3P-binding effectors. In the second step, ubiquitin-like conjugation systems play an important role in regulating vesicle elongation and completion. There are two systems: the Atg16-Atg12-Atg5 complex controls the curvature of the growing membrane; and cleavage of the microtubule associated protei ...
$doc.title
... receptors (CRs). The uptake of virions by DCs leads to their activation and migration to the lymph nodes. At this site DCs present HIV-‐1 derived antigen on MHC class I and II molecules and ...
... receptors (CRs). The uptake of virions by DCs leads to their activation and migration to the lymph nodes. At this site DCs present HIV-‐1 derived antigen on MHC class I and II molecules and ...
Immune Notes 1 - Little Miami Schools
... rather survives in lymph nodes and produces immune response if exposed to antigen again -Naïve: B or T cell that has never been exposed to a specific antigen (inactive) ...
... rather survives in lymph nodes and produces immune response if exposed to antigen again -Naïve: B or T cell that has never been exposed to a specific antigen (inactive) ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.