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31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness
31.1 Pathogens and Human Illness

... Many body systems work to produce nonspecific responses. • Nonspecific responses are the same for every pathogen. • In inflammation, blood vessels become leaky. – white blood cells move extracellular capillary wall toward infection and space damaged tissue – characterized by swelling, redness, and w ...
Chapter 7
Chapter 7

... • Each T cell has a unique receptor called a TCR that will recognize a piece of an antigen with the help of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) • An APC engulfs an antigen, breaks it down and presents it on its surface in association with a membrane protein called an MHC (called human leukocyte antigen ...
Chapter 19
Chapter 19

... manner (IgE + mast cells or basophils) ...
Document
Document

... a. Main function is the generation of T and B cells b. Bone marrow: hematopoiesis occurs in bone marrow as well as where B cell maturation occurs. Committing to the B cell pathway occurs by rearranging the genes that encode the heavy and light chains of Ag receptor. c. Thymus: precursors to T cell m ...
How Does the Body Fight Disease? How Does HIV Affect the
How Does the Body Fight Disease? How Does HIV Affect the

... such as a virus or bacteria) that enters the body. The body produces a unique antibody for every antigen. Antibodies help the immune system protect us from getting sick. ...
Document
Document

... a. Main function is the generation of T and B cells b. Bone marrow: hematopoiesis occurs in bone marrow as well as where B cell maturation occurs. Committing to the B cell pathway occurs by rearranging the genes that encode the heavy and light chains of Ag receptor. c. Thymus: precursors to T cell m ...
INFLAMMATION
INFLAMMATION

... Fibroblast: is type of cell synthesizes C.T &plays critical role in wound healing Foreign body giant cell: is fused macrophages which are generated in response to present large foreign body, nuclei are arranged in disorganized manner. Langhans giant cell: is fusion of macrophages & contain arranged ...
Immunity - Fort Bend ISD / Homepage
Immunity - Fort Bend ISD / Homepage

... • Leads to lysis of microbes • Other protiens include interferons: Inhibit viruses from invading neighboring cells interupting replication (above 2 interferons) ...
Evolutionary aspects of allorecognition
Evolutionary aspects of allorecognition

... to αβ, γδ Τ cells and B cells of gnathostomes, makes use of leucine-rich repeats receptor genes, to generate somatically the repertoire of their immunoreceptors. They do it with the help of a member of the cytidine deaminase family, an enzyme homologous to AID, also involved in somatic generation of ...
Concept Analysis Diagram
Concept Analysis Diagram

... system. If any of the antecedents fail, for example, the result would be a negative outcome, such as infection-localized or systemic, cancer, immune suppression, immune deficiency, and chronic inflammatory response or exaggerated immune response that may lead to an allergic, cytotoxic or autoimmune ...
35.2 Nonspecific and Specific Defenses
35.2 Nonspecific and Specific Defenses

... 35.2 Nonspecific and Specific Defenses Nonspecific defenses occur automatically and have no memory ...
Tumor Immunology - UCSF Immunology Program
Tumor Immunology - UCSF Immunology Program

... Our laboratory is interested in the receptors that activate or inactivate natural killer (NK) cells, which spontaneously kill tumors. Other Research in Dr. Seaman's Lab: Allergy and Asthma[14] ?Immune Receptors and Signaling[7] ?Immune Response to Microbial Pathogenesis[5] ...
Document
Document

... IL-29. These cytokines have similar gene organisation and bind to receptors of similar structure. However, they all display very different biological activities. Several immune cells produce IL-10 (see Figure 1) but production is also observed in epithelial cells, keratinocytes in the skin and some ...
Lecture 6: The Humoral Immune Response
Lecture 6: The Humoral Immune Response

... (based on lecture by Dr. Matthew Scharff, Einstein) ...
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

... called apoptotic bodies that other body cells recognize and eat. ...
T cell - Academic Resources at Missouri Western
T cell - Academic Resources at Missouri Western

... • Describe the protein-protein interactions necessary for naïve T cell activation to occur • Illustrate or describe the changes that occur in a dendritic cell upon activation • Explain the basic mechanisms through which cytotoxic T cells, TH1 cells, and TH2 cells function • Briefly describe the func ...
BIOC39H – Immunology  Winter 2015 Course Syllabus
BIOC39H – Immunology Winter 2015 Course Syllabus

... and virology. The concepts and methods of these disciplines are fundamental to the study of the immune system and as such, this course aims to provide students with an appreciation of the interdisciplinary relationship between these subjects. This course is designed to introduce the molecular and ce ...
The Body`s Defenses – Specific Responses
The Body`s Defenses – Specific Responses

... • “drafted army” of bacteria that colonize the skin ...
Humoral Immunity Antibodies.
Humoral Immunity Antibodies.

... • The Antibodies from each plasma cell however are different or unique from all other antibodies produced by other plasma cell. ...
The Inflammatory Response
The Inflammatory Response

... a signaling molecule binds to a SPECIFIC receptor protein molecule ...
Invariant NKT cells
Invariant NKT cells

... Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, also known as type I or classical NKT cells, are a distinct population of T cells that express an invariant β T-cell receptor (TCR) and a number of cell surface molecules in common with natural killer (NK) cells. Although iNKT cells are rare in the human blo ...
Document
Document

... Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, also known as type I or classical NKT cells, are a distinct population of T cells that express an invariant β T-cell receptor (TCR) and a number of cell surface molecules in common with natural killer (NK) cells. Although iNKT cells are rare in the human blo ...
25.11.2011
25.11.2011

... anti-virus status); IFNg stimulates the conversion to activated macrophages (iNOS) NK cells - ADCC (Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity) = cytotoxic reaction depends on the antibodies; the NKlymphocyte recognizes cell opsonized with IgG by stimulation Fc receptor CD16 and then activate cy ...
Post-doctoral positions available
Post-doctoral positions available

... A better understanding of infectious diseases will be gained by the genetic analysis of both host and pathogen, coupled with molecular biology, cell biology, and physiological techniques. The model organism Drosophila melanogaster is ideally suited for this endeavor thanks to its ease of rearing, th ...
Lymph - Dr. Victor Arai
Lymph - Dr. Victor Arai

... 6. Compare the primary immune response and the secondary immune response. 7. Discuss active and passive immunities, both naturally acquired and artificially acquired. 8. Explain the structure of an antibody. List the five classes of antibodies and their functions. Identify the ways antibodies functi ...
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Immune system



The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.
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