Autoimmunity and immune- mediated inflammatory diseases FOCiS
... • The nature of the disease is determined by the type of dominant immune response – Th1 response: inflammation, injurious antibodies; many autoimmune diseases – Th2 response: IgE + eosinophilmediated inflammation; allergic reactions – Th17 response: acute (and chronic?) inflammation; increasingly re ...
... • The nature of the disease is determined by the type of dominant immune response – Th1 response: inflammation, injurious antibodies; many autoimmune diseases – Th2 response: IgE + eosinophilmediated inflammation; allergic reactions – Th17 response: acute (and chronic?) inflammation; increasingly re ...
Immunology Teacher Notes - Life Sciences Outreach Program
... Differentiate between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, in terms of their general structures and degrees of complexity. Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (diffusion, osmosis, and active transport). ...
... Differentiate between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, in terms of their general structures and degrees of complexity. Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (diffusion, osmosis, and active transport). ...
MICR 130 Chapter 16
... Effective against many different types of viruses Protect uninfected cells by causing them to produce “antiviral proteins” (AVP) Enzymes that inhibit synthesis of viral particles Effective for short time only High levels toxic to heart, liver, kidneys, bone marrow Can serve as potential ...
... Effective against many different types of viruses Protect uninfected cells by causing them to produce “antiviral proteins” (AVP) Enzymes that inhibit synthesis of viral particles Effective for short time only High levels toxic to heart, liver, kidneys, bone marrow Can serve as potential ...
Immune response
... mentions issues related to tolerance to endogenous proteins and autoimmunity through immune response against endogenous proteins ...
... mentions issues related to tolerance to endogenous proteins and autoimmunity through immune response against endogenous proteins ...
Defence against extracellular pathogens Innate defence molecules
... released immediately (degranulation) upon mast cell triggering. Mast cell activation also induces the synthesis of newly formed mediators that are released over a longer period of time, eg. leukotrienes and prostaglandins derived from arachidonic acid, and cytokines. ...
... released immediately (degranulation) upon mast cell triggering. Mast cell activation also induces the synthesis of newly formed mediators that are released over a longer period of time, eg. leukotrienes and prostaglandins derived from arachidonic acid, and cytokines. ...
Pathogenesis
... • Pathogenesis refers both to the mechanism of infection and to the mechanism by which disease develops. ...
... • Pathogenesis refers both to the mechanism of infection and to the mechanism by which disease develops. ...
Tcells
... two major components of the immune system: o innate immunity – non-specific phagocytosis and inflammation o acquired immunity – antigen-specific B and T lymphocyte responses two major types of immune responses o humoral immunity – proteins dissolved in blood and lymph (eg. antibodies, complement ...
... two major components of the immune system: o innate immunity – non-specific phagocytosis and inflammation o acquired immunity – antigen-specific B and T lymphocyte responses two major types of immune responses o humoral immunity – proteins dissolved in blood and lymph (eg. antibodies, complement ...
Immune System - Cloudfront.net
... Stomach contains a highly acidic environment, which destroys most microbes before they enter the intestinal tract (hepatitis A is a virus which can survive the gastric acids) Phagocytosis- the ingestion of invading organisms by certain types of cells (associated intimately with an effective inflamma ...
... Stomach contains a highly acidic environment, which destroys most microbes before they enter the intestinal tract (hepatitis A is a virus which can survive the gastric acids) Phagocytosis- the ingestion of invading organisms by certain types of cells (associated intimately with an effective inflamma ...
Autoimmune Diseases
... UVB=> flares of both cutaneous and internal organ lupus (some antigens, like Ro, La, RNP, but not chromatin antigens and other nuclear components are translocated to keratinocyte cell surface, favorising the immune response); decrease DNA methylation and induces gene expression; increase expression ...
... UVB=> flares of both cutaneous and internal organ lupus (some antigens, like Ro, La, RNP, but not chromatin antigens and other nuclear components are translocated to keratinocyte cell surface, favorising the immune response); decrease DNA methylation and induces gene expression; increase expression ...
Immune System
... Lymphocytes provide SPECIFIC defenses 2nd line of defense 2 Types of Lymphocytes (NOT Leukocytes (WBCs)) B Lymphocytes – B Cells Proliferate in Bone marrow Produce antibodies ...
... Lymphocytes provide SPECIFIC defenses 2nd line of defense 2 Types of Lymphocytes (NOT Leukocytes (WBCs)) B Lymphocytes – B Cells Proliferate in Bone marrow Produce antibodies ...
Return to Table of Contents
... The killer T-cells are specialized in attacking cells of the body infected by viruses and bacteria. It can also attack cancer cells. The killer T-cell has receptors that are used to search each cell it encounters. If a cell is infected, it is swiftly killed. Infected cells are recognized because tin ...
... The killer T-cells are specialized in attacking cells of the body infected by viruses and bacteria. It can also attack cancer cells. The killer T-cell has receptors that are used to search each cell it encounters. If a cell is infected, it is swiftly killed. Infected cells are recognized because tin ...
Activity: What is an allergy?
... 2 The release of antibodies and the formation of an antigen–antibody complex is clearly stated in the A-level specifications of AQA, Edexcel and OCR, so examiners could test your recall and understanding of (a) and (b). The Eduqas specification includes the humoral response, so recall and understand ...
... 2 The release of antibodies and the formation of an antigen–antibody complex is clearly stated in the A-level specifications of AQA, Edexcel and OCR, so examiners could test your recall and understanding of (a) and (b). The Eduqas specification includes the humoral response, so recall and understand ...
Implantation and Inflammation
... portion that binds with proteoglycans (mucins) on neutrophil surface Activation: neutrophils activated by chemoattractants, substances that cause neutrophils to migrate toward site of injury Definition: chemotaxis is the movement of cells in response to chemical stiuli Arrest/adhesion: neutrophils s ...
... portion that binds with proteoglycans (mucins) on neutrophil surface Activation: neutrophils activated by chemoattractants, substances that cause neutrophils to migrate toward site of injury Definition: chemotaxis is the movement of cells in response to chemical stiuli Arrest/adhesion: neutrophils s ...
Immune Responses to Infectious Diseases
... However the phagocytic activity is strictly dependent on the size of the pathogens [15]. This is well demonstrated with respect to the host defense against helminths, in which phagocytosis by macrophages or neutrophils are prevented by the parasite size. This restriction demands a different strategy ...
... However the phagocytic activity is strictly dependent on the size of the pathogens [15]. This is well demonstrated with respect to the host defense against helminths, in which phagocytosis by macrophages or neutrophils are prevented by the parasite size. This restriction demands a different strategy ...
Rotation Final Report
... the B cell is activated and begins to engulf the pathogen; the pathogen gets digested and the resulting peptides are presented on the cell surface using MHC (Major Histocompatibility complex) class II proteins. These MHC proteins are important for the activation of other immune responses. Before the ...
... the B cell is activated and begins to engulf the pathogen; the pathogen gets digested and the resulting peptides are presented on the cell surface using MHC (Major Histocompatibility complex) class II proteins. These MHC proteins are important for the activation of other immune responses. Before the ...
lecture3-Cell Mediated Immunity (2014)
... • Production of IL-2 and its receptor – IL-2 is also know as T cell growth factor – Proliferation of antigen specific T cells – Effector and regulatory cells are produced along with “memory” cells – IL-2 also stimulates CD8 cytotoxic cells • Production of Interferons – Enhances anti-microbial activi ...
... • Production of IL-2 and its receptor – IL-2 is also know as T cell growth factor – Proliferation of antigen specific T cells – Effector and regulatory cells are produced along with “memory” cells – IL-2 also stimulates CD8 cytotoxic cells • Production of Interferons – Enhances anti-microbial activi ...
Lecture3 - Cell Mediated Immunity
... • Production of IL-2 and its receptor – IL-2 is also know as T cell growth factor – Proliferation of antigen specific T cells – Effector and regulatory cells are produced along with “memory” cells – IL-2 also stimulates CD8 cytotoxic cells • Production of Interferons – Enhances anti-microbial activi ...
... • Production of IL-2 and its receptor – IL-2 is also know as T cell growth factor – Proliferation of antigen specific T cells – Effector and regulatory cells are produced along with “memory” cells – IL-2 also stimulates CD8 cytotoxic cells • Production of Interferons – Enhances anti-microbial activi ...
03-390 Immunology Exam I - 2014 Name:_____________________
... Choice A: What induces an anti-viral response, and how does the response protect cells from viruses? Choice B: How do NK cells decide whether to kill virally infected cells? Choice C: Briefly discuss why cell death through apoptosis is beneficial, from an immunological perspective? Choice D: Compare ...
... Choice A: What induces an anti-viral response, and how does the response protect cells from viruses? Choice B: How do NK cells decide whether to kill virally infected cells? Choice C: Briefly discuss why cell death through apoptosis is beneficial, from an immunological perspective? Choice D: Compare ...
Immunology for the Rheumatologist
... charge, can activate complement. Urate can also interact with synovial cells, particularly synovial macrophages, leading to the production of Interleukin 1 beta. Urate binds to the macrophage via toll-like receptors 2 and 4, leading to activation of the inflammasome. An inflammasome is a complex of ...
... charge, can activate complement. Urate can also interact with synovial cells, particularly synovial macrophages, leading to the production of Interleukin 1 beta. Urate binds to the macrophage via toll-like receptors 2 and 4, leading to activation of the inflammasome. An inflammasome is a complex of ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.