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Flu Presentation
Flu Presentation

... fever, weight loss, wasting, immunosuppression), sterile eradication, delayed-type hypersensitivity, vaccine, surrogate markers of protection, viral load, animal model, pathogenesis, route of treatment, protection, resistance, sensitive, tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency syndrome, infective endoc ...
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... the immune response, but in the show we only show one role of white blood cells, that is producing antibodies. There are also 5 different types of antibodies, but the one most involved in the allergic response is called IgE. The body’s defences against infection: In the show we talk about germs, thi ...
Prentice Hall Biology - Valhalla High School
Prentice Hall Biology - Valhalla High School

... lasts a short time because the body will eventually destroy the foreign antibodies • May be natural – antibodies are passed to a baby through the placenta and through breast milk • May be artificial – vaccines may contain antibodies to protect and prevent disease Go to Section: ...
The Science behind the “Noses are Red” show
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... immune response, but in the show we only show one role of white blood cells, that is producing antibodies. There are also 5 different types of antibodies, but the one most involved in the allergic response is called IgE. The body’s defences against infection: In the show we talk about germs, this ca ...
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Immunity and How Vaccines Work
Immunity and How Vaccines Work

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... against any pathogen. This defense includes barriers such as skin, the cilia in mucous membranes that sweep away airborne invaders, and tears, secretions, and saliva whose enzymes can destroy bacteria and other pathogens. When this first line of defense fails to prevent an invader from entering the ...
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... system overreacts to the presence of an antigen such as pollen. 2. An autoimmune disease is one in which the immune system attacks its own body cells. Ex. M.S. and Arthritis 3. Rejection of organ transplants (cells are foreign). 4. Cancer cells are naturally destroyed by the body; however, when the ...
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... vessels that collects fluid from the tissues and returns it to the blood. The fluid is called the lymph, and the vessels are called lymphatic vessels. The lymphatic vessels collect the lymph into a central vessel called the thoracic duct which releases the lymph into the blood stream via the left ...
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Circulatory System

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Polyclonal B cell response



Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.
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