3D Structure - Canadian Bioinformatics Workshops
... Membrane or Water Soluble? • Most protein scientists prefer to work with water soluble proteins or domains • Membrane proteins are very difficult to clone, express and purify and special techniques must be used • Potential problems can be avoided by knowing whether the protein contains one or more ...
... Membrane or Water Soluble? • Most protein scientists prefer to work with water soluble proteins or domains • Membrane proteins are very difficult to clone, express and purify and special techniques must be used • Potential problems can be avoided by knowing whether the protein contains one or more ...
Immune mechanisms in Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
... hemisphere. The infection is caused by spirochaetes from the Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) group. The clinical outcome after B. burgdorferi s.l. infection differs between individuals from asymptomatic infection without history of LB to individuals who experience persistent symptoms pos ...
... hemisphere. The infection is caused by spirochaetes from the Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) group. The clinical outcome after B. burgdorferi s.l. infection differs between individuals from asymptomatic infection without history of LB to individuals who experience persistent symptoms pos ...
Purified Hexameric Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded BARF1 Protein for Measuring Anti-BARF1 Antibody
... Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). NPC tumor cells express viral proteins, including BARF1, which is secreted and is considered to have oncogenic and immune-modulating properties. Recently, we found conserved mutations in the BARF1 gene in NPC isolates. This study describes the expression and purification of ...
... Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). NPC tumor cells express viral proteins, including BARF1, which is secreted and is considered to have oncogenic and immune-modulating properties. Recently, we found conserved mutations in the BARF1 gene in NPC isolates. This study describes the expression and purification of ...
IMMUNOREGULATION OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION
... the ability to differentiate into memory cells and the effector function, e.g., proliferative capacity, cytotoxicity, and cytokine production (IFN-g, TNF, etc.).66-68) The exhausted T-cells express inhibitory receptors on their surface, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1), and the interaction between ...
... the ability to differentiate into memory cells and the effector function, e.g., proliferative capacity, cytotoxicity, and cytokine production (IFN-g, TNF, etc.).66-68) The exhausted T-cells express inhibitory receptors on their surface, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1), and the interaction between ...
Light chain variable region diversity in Atlantic cod (Gadus
... external antigens were considered to be crossreactivities. If a similar situation occurs in cod, there might not be a need for speci®c reactivity because the level of cross-reacting antibodies is already so high that they will bind to and eliminate any antigen entering the body. In conclusion, the v ...
... external antigens were considered to be crossreactivities. If a similar situation occurs in cod, there might not be a need for speci®c reactivity because the level of cross-reacting antibodies is already so high that they will bind to and eliminate any antigen entering the body. In conclusion, the v ...
Harnessing Local Immunity for an Effective Universal Swine
... in pigs [45–48]. Eight segment SI virus harbouring two different HA (H1 and H3) was generated by replacement of the ectodomain of the NA with the ectodomain of a second HA (H3), thus creating a virus displaying two different HAs (H1 and H3) on the surface [49]. The resulting vaccine was attenuated i ...
... in pigs [45–48]. Eight segment SI virus harbouring two different HA (H1 and H3) was generated by replacement of the ectodomain of the NA with the ectodomain of a second HA (H3), thus creating a virus displaying two different HAs (H1 and H3) on the surface [49]. The resulting vaccine was attenuated i ...
6. DISCUSSION
... subpopulations of lymphocytes, particularly follicular lymphocytes and a small number of cells scattered in the interfollicular areas of swine frozen lymphoid sections (Bullido et al., 1997a). These results were confirmed in the present study, in paraffin-embedded tissues. Furthermore, in the presen ...
... subpopulations of lymphocytes, particularly follicular lymphocytes and a small number of cells scattered in the interfollicular areas of swine frozen lymphoid sections (Bullido et al., 1997a). These results were confirmed in the present study, in paraffin-embedded tissues. Furthermore, in the presen ...
The Origins, Specificity, and Potential Biological
... in the bone marrow (central tolerance) or in the periphery (peripheral tolerance). B cells recognize antigen through their B-cell antigen receptors (BCR), which can subsequently be secreted as antibodies into the serum as a part of the humoral immune response. When a breakdown in either B-cell centr ...
... in the bone marrow (central tolerance) or in the periphery (peripheral tolerance). B cells recognize antigen through their B-cell antigen receptors (BCR), which can subsequently be secreted as antibodies into the serum as a part of the humoral immune response. When a breakdown in either B-cell centr ...
Relevance of granulocyte apoptosis to resolution of
... in the process.7 In beneficial neutrophil-dominant inflammation, the organisms or foreign particles are detected and phagocytosed by neutrophils, which then undergo an organized, nonprovocative programmed cell death (apoptosis) that promotes their own recognition and removal by macrophages or dendri ...
... in the process.7 In beneficial neutrophil-dominant inflammation, the organisms or foreign particles are detected and phagocytosed by neutrophils, which then undergo an organized, nonprovocative programmed cell death (apoptosis) that promotes their own recognition and removal by macrophages or dendri ...
Autophagy Delivers Viral Antigens for MHC Class II Presentation
... To address the general relevance and the efficacy of this novel MHC class II pathway, we quantified autophagy in MHC class II-positive human cells and demonstrated constitutive autophagosome formation in epithelial, B and dendritic cells. The autophagosome marker Atg8/LC3 strongly overlapped with m ...
... To address the general relevance and the efficacy of this novel MHC class II pathway, we quantified autophagy in MHC class II-positive human cells and demonstrated constitutive autophagosome formation in epithelial, B and dendritic cells. The autophagosome marker Atg8/LC3 strongly overlapped with m ...
Influenza: A case study
... 1 Background to the case study Influenza is a myxovirus belonging to the family of viruses known as Orthomyxoviridae. The virus was originally confined to aquatic birds, but it made the transition to humans 6000–9000 years ago, coinciding with the rise of farming, animal husbandry and urbanisation. ...
... 1 Background to the case study Influenza is a myxovirus belonging to the family of viruses known as Orthomyxoviridae. The virus was originally confined to aquatic birds, but it made the transition to humans 6000–9000 years ago, coinciding with the rise of farming, animal husbandry and urbanisation. ...
Current and novel therapeutics in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus
... Belimumab is a fully human mAb that binds to and inhibits action of the soluble form of the B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS; also known as BAFF), a B cell survival factor for B cells from the transition stage up to the plasma cell stage. When belimumab is bound to the soluble form of BLyS, it prevents ...
... Belimumab is a fully human mAb that binds to and inhibits action of the soluble form of the B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS; also known as BAFF), a B cell survival factor for B cells from the transition stage up to the plasma cell stage. When belimumab is bound to the soluble form of BLyS, it prevents ...
PCNA Protein Expression during Spermatogenesis of the
... entire open reading frame of the PCNA yielded a single band (data not shown), indicating that only one species of mRNA was responsible for the production of the two PCNA proteins. To further characterize these two PCNA proteins, we used antibodies that recognized different epitopes of eel PCNA (amin ...
... entire open reading frame of the PCNA yielded a single band (data not shown), indicating that only one species of mRNA was responsible for the production of the two PCNA proteins. To further characterize these two PCNA proteins, we used antibodies that recognized different epitopes of eel PCNA (amin ...
Phytochemistry
... phoresis at higher pH values. For the same reasons, and one species Amaranthus caudatus has been reported as possibly due to microheterogeneity in carbohydrate comcontaining a toxic agglutinin lacking serological specificity and not being inhibited by serum glycoproteins I-7]. position, the isoelect ...
... phoresis at higher pH values. For the same reasons, and one species Amaranthus caudatus has been reported as possibly due to microheterogeneity in carbohydrate comcontaining a toxic agglutinin lacking serological specificity and not being inhibited by serum glycoproteins I-7]. position, the isoelect ...
Structural organization of the components of the cell wall from
... The organization of the components of the cell wall from Candida albicans was studied by means of sequential treatment with hot SDS, anhydrous ethylenediamine (EDA) and l y t i c enzymes, followed by chemical and microscopic analyses of the different separated fractions. The EDA-insoluble fraction r ...
... The organization of the components of the cell wall from Candida albicans was studied by means of sequential treatment with hot SDS, anhydrous ethylenediamine (EDA) and l y t i c enzymes, followed by chemical and microscopic analyses of the different separated fractions. The EDA-insoluble fraction r ...
PDF - Poultry Science Journal
... The objective of the study was to compare the effects of antibiotic virginiamycin, probiotic Protexin® and Plantago major L. (plantain) on performance, serum metabolites, immune response, and the ileal microbial population of broilers. The experiment was carried out with a total of 200 day-old male ...
... The objective of the study was to compare the effects of antibiotic virginiamycin, probiotic Protexin® and Plantago major L. (plantain) on performance, serum metabolites, immune response, and the ileal microbial population of broilers. The experiment was carried out with a total of 200 day-old male ...
Antiviral Protection Cell Cross-Presentation, CTL Responses, and
... DC, inducing expression of costimulatory molecules and cytokines, which together with MHC-Ag complexes induce cognate T cells to differentiate into Ag-specific CTL and Th cells (8–11). DC recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and many adjuvants using receptors of the innate immune ...
... DC, inducing expression of costimulatory molecules and cytokines, which together with MHC-Ag complexes induce cognate T cells to differentiate into Ag-specific CTL and Th cells (8–11). DC recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and many adjuvants using receptors of the innate immune ...
The effects of environmental mycobacteria on VLP and MVA based vaccines against tuberculosis
... I would like to thank Michelle Wilson, Lynn Slobbe, Vivian Young from the bottom of my heart for all the assistance, which actually helped me in learning all the practical work from scratch. Your support and patience will always be remembered. Thank you very much my ‘402’ buddies! You guys were real ...
... I would like to thank Michelle Wilson, Lynn Slobbe, Vivian Young from the bottom of my heart for all the assistance, which actually helped me in learning all the practical work from scratch. Your support and patience will always be remembered. Thank you very much my ‘402’ buddies! You guys were real ...
Sending a message: extracellular vesicles of pathogenic protozoan
... to deliver biologically active effector molecules. EVs can be classified into two major classes of secreted vesicle: exosomes, which are generated within multivesicular bodies (MVBs), and ecotosomes, which are produced through budding of the plasma membrane. Both exosomes and ectosomes can be descri ...
... to deliver biologically active effector molecules. EVs can be classified into two major classes of secreted vesicle: exosomes, which are generated within multivesicular bodies (MVBs), and ecotosomes, which are produced through budding of the plasma membrane. Both exosomes and ectosomes can be descri ...
Parasite adaptations to within-host competition
... might come in the form of how a parasite invests those resources. Malaria parasites face a trade-off in resource expenditure between asexual growth and transmission: an infected RBC is programmed to produce either multiple asexual parasite stages (merozoites), each of which can subsequently infect a ...
... might come in the form of how a parasite invests those resources. Malaria parasites face a trade-off in resource expenditure between asexual growth and transmission: an infected RBC is programmed to produce either multiple asexual parasite stages (merozoites), each of which can subsequently infect a ...
Polyclonal B cell response
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.