HMGB1-promoted and TLR2/4-dependent NK cell maturation and
... previous findings have reinforced the notion that BA is a virus-induced and immune ...
... previous findings have reinforced the notion that BA is a virus-induced and immune ...
EFFECTS OF INCREASED INFLAMMATION ON ANTIVIRAL CD8 T CELL
... Figure 1. Kinetics for CD8+ T cells going through expansion, contraction and memory T cell formation phase following a viral infection................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 2. Processing of endogenous protein to pe ...
... Figure 1. Kinetics for CD8+ T cells going through expansion, contraction and memory T cell formation phase following a viral infection................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 2. Processing of endogenous protein to pe ...
xia immune activation 1
... and NKT cells, are also activated in other inflamed organs, such as the liver, to contribute indirectly to the atherosclerosis by increasing systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. However, molecular events that link activation of different immune cells and abnormal metabolic conditions in ...
... and NKT cells, are also activated in other inflamed organs, such as the liver, to contribute indirectly to the atherosclerosis by increasing systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. However, molecular events that link activation of different immune cells and abnormal metabolic conditions in ...
Pathophysiology of the Anemia of Protein
... slight increase in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and a small reduction i n blood platelets. Thrombocytopenia cannot be explained by the existence of disseminated intravascular coagulation, since coagulation tests are usually normal, with the exception o f an isolated lengthening o f the thrombin-tim ...
... slight increase in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and a small reduction i n blood platelets. Thrombocytopenia cannot be explained by the existence of disseminated intravascular coagulation, since coagulation tests are usually normal, with the exception o f an isolated lengthening o f the thrombin-tim ...
application of recombinant smr-domain containing protein of
... use in immunoblot analysis. Its sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values in immunodiagnostic test was 93.5, 91.5, 79.0 and 97.5%, respectively. Although some cross-reactivity of the antigen was observed among gnathostomiasis, bancroftian filariasis, ascariasis, echinococcosi ...
... use in immunoblot analysis. Its sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values in immunodiagnostic test was 93.5, 91.5, 79.0 and 97.5%, respectively. Although some cross-reactivity of the antigen was observed among gnathostomiasis, bancroftian filariasis, ascariasis, echinococcosi ...
Boundless Study Slides
... • antigen A substance that induces an immune response, usually foreign. • antigen A substance that induces an immune response, usually a molecule found on a pathogen, such as a toxin or molecule expressed by the pathogen or pathogen-infected cells. • antigen presenting cell A cell that presents capt ...
... • antigen A substance that induces an immune response, usually foreign. • antigen A substance that induces an immune response, usually a molecule found on a pathogen, such as a toxin or molecule expressed by the pathogen or pathogen-infected cells. • antigen presenting cell A cell that presents capt ...
World J Gastroenterol
... classical attributes of adaptive immunity: antigen specificity and memory. The key effector cell of adaptive immunity is the lymphocyte, a cell no longer known from its two principal origins in mammals, the thymus (T) and bone marrow (B), but with several subtypes characterized by different function ...
... classical attributes of adaptive immunity: antigen specificity and memory. The key effector cell of adaptive immunity is the lymphocyte, a cell no longer known from its two principal origins in mammals, the thymus (T) and bone marrow (B), but with several subtypes characterized by different function ...
Nature of Immunity - Napa Valley College
... (From Thibodeau, G.A., Patton, K.T. [1996]. Anatomy and physiology. [3rd ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby.) ...
... (From Thibodeau, G.A., Patton, K.T. [1996]. Anatomy and physiology. [3rd ed.]. St. Louis: Mosby.) ...
Clinical pathogenesis of typhoid fever
... predominance of neutrophils in stool samples of patients [21-23]. Invasion of the intestinal mucosa by NTS is detected by the innate immune system of the host, which responds by recruiting neutrophils to the site of infection [24]. The innate immune system can distinguish between self and microbial ...
... predominance of neutrophils in stool samples of patients [21-23]. Invasion of the intestinal mucosa by NTS is detected by the innate immune system of the host, which responds by recruiting neutrophils to the site of infection [24]. The innate immune system can distinguish between self and microbial ...
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Barrier Organ Physiology
... adverse drug–drug interactions and generation of carcinogenic metabolites from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Especially in the field of toxicology and pharmacology, the AhR is viewed as a protein that has developed during evolution to mediate metabolization of environmental small molecule ...
... adverse drug–drug interactions and generation of carcinogenic metabolites from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Especially in the field of toxicology and pharmacology, the AhR is viewed as a protein that has developed during evolution to mediate metabolization of environmental small molecule ...
Pathogenesis of the Helicobacter Induced Mucosal Disease: A
... Helicobacter pylori causes chronic gastritis, peptic ulceration and gastric cancer. This bacterium is one of the most prevalent in the world, but affects mostly the populations with a lower socioeconomical status. While it causes gastric and duodenal ulcers in only 20% of infected patients, less the ...
... Helicobacter pylori causes chronic gastritis, peptic ulceration and gastric cancer. This bacterium is one of the most prevalent in the world, but affects mostly the populations with a lower socioeconomical status. While it causes gastric and duodenal ulcers in only 20% of infected patients, less the ...
Mucosal Vaccines: Where Do We Stand?
... Mucosal immunization, especially via the intranasal and sublingual routes, also can induce substantial levels of IgA and IgG in serum [26] because mucosal DCs may migrate and carry antigen to systemic inductive sites (lymph nodes and spleen) [27,28] and a fraction of the B cells activated in the muc ...
... Mucosal immunization, especially via the intranasal and sublingual routes, also can induce substantial levels of IgA and IgG in serum [26] because mucosal DCs may migrate and carry antigen to systemic inductive sites (lymph nodes and spleen) [27,28] and a fraction of the B cells activated in the muc ...
Airway Inflammation and Bronchial Remodelling in - (BORA)
... plastics manufacturing. It is estimated that as many as 5% of workers exposed to diisocyanates develop asthma, which may persist indefinitely even in the absence of continued exposure [4]. Clinically, diisocyanate asthma displays similar manifestations to allergic asthma induced by high molecular wei ...
... plastics manufacturing. It is estimated that as many as 5% of workers exposed to diisocyanates develop asthma, which may persist indefinitely even in the absence of continued exposure [4]. Clinically, diisocyanate asthma displays similar manifestations to allergic asthma induced by high molecular wei ...
Loss of p38 MAPK induces pleiotropic mitotic defects and massive
... showed normal proliferation rates (mitotic indices 4.1±1.8% and 6.2±2.3%), cell cycle progression and low cell death indices (4.8% and 4.0% at 72 hours) after transfections with control or p38-targeted siRNA, respectively. By sharp contrast, p38 silencing resulted in a significant accumulation of ...
... showed normal proliferation rates (mitotic indices 4.1±1.8% and 6.2±2.3%), cell cycle progression and low cell death indices (4.8% and 4.0% at 72 hours) after transfections with control or p38-targeted siRNA, respectively. By sharp contrast, p38 silencing resulted in a significant accumulation of ...
crosstalk between epithelial cells and macrophages - DORAS
... Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) ................................................... 48 ...
... Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) ................................................... 48 ...
Induction of inhibitory central nervous system-derived and
... known to be essential both for the steady state differentiation of monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells and for the generation of their precursors (Gordon and Taylor, 2005; Shortman and Naik, 2007; Auffray et al., 2009). Using receptor-deficient animals, fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 (Flt3) was s ...
... known to be essential both for the steady state differentiation of monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells and for the generation of their precursors (Gordon and Taylor, 2005; Shortman and Naik, 2007; Auffray et al., 2009). Using receptor-deficient animals, fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 (Flt3) was s ...
YangSpr07
... RGD peptides are short peptide fragments derived from the amino acid sequence of several extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibrinogen, fibronectin, vitronectin, collagen, and laminin. The amino acid sequence Arg-Gly-Asp or RGD present on extracellular matrix proteins is known to be a requiremen ...
... RGD peptides are short peptide fragments derived from the amino acid sequence of several extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibrinogen, fibronectin, vitronectin, collagen, and laminin. The amino acid sequence Arg-Gly-Asp or RGD present on extracellular matrix proteins is known to be a requiremen ...
AFLUID June 47/6 - AJP
... podocyte leads to proteinuria, and in several proteinuric diseases the podocyte is the target cell of injury (18). It has been suggested that the maintenance of the differentiated podocyte structure requires a complex intracellular pumping and trafficking of proteins through systems similar to those ...
... podocyte leads to proteinuria, and in several proteinuric diseases the podocyte is the target cell of injury (18). It has been suggested that the maintenance of the differentiated podocyte structure requires a complex intracellular pumping and trafficking of proteins through systems similar to those ...
The functional network of ion channels in T lymphocytes
... and lymphocyte activation. It is now clear that ion channels form a functional network in lymphocytes at several levels. At the molecular level, STIM1 and Orai1 must come together to activate the CRAC channel following depletion of the ER Ca2+ store; and K+ channels are physically associated with ac ...
... and lymphocyte activation. It is now clear that ion channels form a functional network in lymphocytes at several levels. At the molecular level, STIM1 and Orai1 must come together to activate the CRAC channel following depletion of the ER Ca2+ store; and K+ channels are physically associated with ac ...
Induction of Th2 type immunity in a mouse system
... The cytokine environment plays a key role in determining processes of naive CD4 T-cell differentiation.1 IL-12, primarily produced by activated antigen-presenting cells, promotes development of Th1 type effector CD4 T cells. On the other hand, IL-4 is important for Th2 differentiation of naive CD4 T ...
... The cytokine environment plays a key role in determining processes of naive CD4 T-cell differentiation.1 IL-12, primarily produced by activated antigen-presenting cells, promotes development of Th1 type effector CD4 T cells. On the other hand, IL-4 is important for Th2 differentiation of naive CD4 T ...
Anti-inflammatory properties of peptides derived Ornithodoros savignyi
... associated with the pathogenesis of infection are not contained at a local site and spread throughout the body via the circulatory or lymphatic system (Madigan, et al., 2003). Septic shock has a high mortality rate of 40-70% (Lever and Mackenzie, 2007). Despite our ability to treat bacterial infecti ...
... associated with the pathogenesis of infection are not contained at a local site and spread throughout the body via the circulatory or lymphatic system (Madigan, et al., 2003). Septic shock has a high mortality rate of 40-70% (Lever and Mackenzie, 2007). Despite our ability to treat bacterial infecti ...
in molecular innate immunity
... Initially thought to detect exclusively microbial derived ligands, PRRs were later shown to recognize host derived danger signals, which are released in response to stress conditions such as cellular damage or tissue injury (Medzhitov, 2009). Under normal physiological conditions, these ligands are ...
... Initially thought to detect exclusively microbial derived ligands, PRRs were later shown to recognize host derived danger signals, which are released in response to stress conditions such as cellular damage or tissue injury (Medzhitov, 2009). Under normal physiological conditions, these ligands are ...
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and myocarditis: Classification
... advantage of using a simple, universally accepted and standardized terminology, they have some important limitations. In the original Dallas classification, other histologic types of inflammatory infiltrate (e.g. lymphocytic, eosinophilic, neutrophilic or giant cell) are just mentioned in the view o ...
... advantage of using a simple, universally accepted and standardized terminology, they have some important limitations. In the original Dallas classification, other histologic types of inflammatory infiltrate (e.g. lymphocytic, eosinophilic, neutrophilic or giant cell) are just mentioned in the view o ...
Polyclonal B cell response
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.