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Radioimmunotherapy Is More Effective than Antifungal Treatment
Radioimmunotherapy Is More Effective than Antifungal Treatment

... M and immunoglobulin G isotypes, which points to the stimulation of the immune system by melanin [12]. Given that antibodies to melanin can have a direct antifungal effect on cryptococcal cells, it is possible that such stimulation of the immune system contributes to the efficacy of RIT against mela ...
Marine alga Sargassum horneri active component
Marine alga Sargassum horneri active component

... severe diseases, such as heart disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancers [4,6,7]. There are three distinct types of autophagy: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) comprises bulk degradation and a multi-step pro ...
The Orphan Transporter Rxt1/NTT4 (SLC6A17)
The Orphan Transporter Rxt1/NTT4 (SLC6A17)

... passages through a 25 gauge needle, the sample was centrifuged at 1,000g for 5 min at 4oC, resulting in the postnuclear supernatant (PNS) preparation. Further isolation of synaptic vesicles was obtained by additional centrifugations at 27,000g for 35 min and 180,000g for 2 h at 4oC. The resulting pe ...
SERIES "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN PULMONARY INFECTIONS" Number 5 in this Series
SERIES "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN PULMONARY INFECTIONS" Number 5 in this Series

... tuberculosis via a granule-associated protein, granulysin, acting with perforin [53]. On the other hand, lysis by CD4z cytotoxic T cells does not reduce the viability of the contained bacteria [54]. Progression of tuberculosis in mice deficient in perforin is not different from progression in the wi ...
Immune Notes 1 - Little Miami Schools
Immune Notes 1 - Little Miami Schools

... -Species resistance—genetic characteristics of a species (like Homo sapiens) innately defend against certain pathogens  our bodies are not suitable for certain pathogens that affect other animals ...
Novel approaches to the development of targeted therapeutic
Novel approaches to the development of targeted therapeutic

The Role of Intracellular Neutral Lipid Hydrolases in Immune Cell
The Role of Intracellular Neutral Lipid Hydrolases in Immune Cell

... I would like to thank my supervisor Dagmar Kratky for her guidance, motivation and comprehensive support, for the trust in my ideas throughout my PhD project and for always having an open door. I owe my gratitude to the thesis committee members Akos Heinemann, Achim Lass and Ruth Birner-Gruenberger ...
Emerging Roles of IL-33/ST2 Axis in Renal Diseases
Emerging Roles of IL-33/ST2 Axis in Renal Diseases

Dangerous Byproducts of Alcohol Breakdown
Dangerous Byproducts of Alcohol Breakdown

... Potentially toxic products resulting from the breakdown, or metabolism, of alcohol (chemically known as ethanol). The major alcoholmetabolizing enzymes are alcohol dehydrogenase and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1). Alcohol dehydrogenase converts alcohol to acetaldehyde, which can react with other prote ...
4 results 28.06.13
4 results 28.06.13

... immunomodulatory activities after administering at 3.0, 10 and 30 mg/kg doses. The observations made on these test samples are as below4.1.1.1. The crude AS extract and the three fractions stimulate macrophages resulting in to enhanced ROS and NO production in a dose dependent manner ROS and NO are ...
Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells Scale Their Pro
Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells Scale Their Pro

... postpartum uterine diseases caused by uterine bacterial infections after parturition (Sheldon et al., 2009). During the postpartum period, up to 50% of all dairy cows develop uterine inflammatory diseases, such as metritis, and clinical or subclinical endometritis (Sheldon et al., 2009). The inciden ...
Serum Tumor Markers in Pancreatic Cancer—Recent
Serum Tumor Markers in Pancreatic Cancer—Recent

Memory Cells in Old Age T Cells Are Potent + CD25
Memory Cells in Old Age T Cells Are Potent + CD25

... There is strong circumstantial evidence that CMV may be a dominant factor to drive CD8⫹ T cell differentiation and hereby induce premature immune senescence (13). CMV-specific CD8⫹ T cells have also been shown to occur as large expanded clones that may dominate the repertoire (14). In a recent publi ...
Photochemotherapy induces the apoptosis of - HAL
Photochemotherapy induces the apoptosis of - HAL

... they are injected back to the patient these cells could still be able to migrate in periphery or in the lymphoid organs and/or to stimulate T-cells. So, we evaluated the expression of molecules involved in these processes on control or PUVA - monocytes. Moreover, for an optimal T-lymphocytes stimula ...
Origin of Anti-tumor Immunity Failure in Mammals
Origin of Anti-tumor Immunity Failure in Mammals

Recurrent sarcoid granulomas in a transplanted lung derive from recipient immune cells
Recurrent sarcoid granulomas in a transplanted lung derive from recipient immune cells

... show any granulomas. Therefore, it appears unlikely that unrecognised sarcoid disease could have been transmitted with the donor lung. The genetic predisposition involved in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis may also influence the reaction of the immune cells following exposure to the unidentified sar ...
The Lymphatic System - ELF Labs Technology
The Lymphatic System - ELF Labs Technology

... Secondary Lymphoid Organs. The secondary, or peripheral organs, maintain mature naïve lymphocytes and initiate an adaptive immune response. The peripheral lymphoid organs are the sites of lymphocyte activation by antigen. Activation leads to clonal expansion and affinity maturation. Mature lymphocyt ...
ICH E10
ICH E10

... drug risk assessment since the target tissues are usually rapidly dividing cell types, such as bone marrow-derived immune system progenitor cells. Hence, the adverse effects on immune function can be predicted based on pharmacologic activity and can usually be reliably evaluated in non-clinical stud ...
Immuno-Isolation of Pancreatic Islet Allografts Using Pegylated
Immuno-Isolation of Pancreatic Islet Allografts Using Pegylated

... membranes with non-immunogenic materials such as methoxy[polyethylene glycol] (mPEG) could yield antigenically silent (‘‘stealth’’) cells [8]. These ‘‘stealth’’ cells exhibit little or no antisera-mediated agglutination or antibody binding, and show markedly decreased immunogenicity. Moreover, for l ...
A fluorophore ligase for site-specific protein labeling inside living cells
A fluorophore ligase for site-specific protein labeling inside living cells

... echniques for posttranslational labeling of proteins in living cells address some of the shortcomings of green fluorescent protein (GFP) by expanding the repertoire of chemical probes available for protein visualization (1). However, most of these methods, such as HaloTag (2), SNAP/CLIP (3), and DHF ...
B-cell depletion inhibits arthritis in a collagen
B-cell depletion inhibits arthritis in a collagen

... clinical improvement remains elusive.20 Given that B cells exist as lymphoid aggregates within the synovium of patients with RA, it is reasonable to assume that B-cell functions other than antibody production (eg, cytokine production, antigen presentation, provision of costimulatory signals to T cel ...
NOD2 Variants and Antibody Response to Microbial Antigens in
NOD2 Variants and Antibody Response to Microbial Antigens in

... evidence have implicated enteric bacteria in the pathogenesis of CD in humans. The use of antibiotics has been associated with an inconsistent treatment response in CD.10 –14 Fecal diversion has been shown to decrease the recurrence of CD in the neoterminal ileum after resection, with subsequent ins ...
Chitin, Chitinases and Chitinase
Chitin, Chitinases and Chitinase

... innate and adaptive immune responses. It has been shown that exogenous chitin activates macrophages and other innate immune cells and also modulates adaptive type 2 allergic inflammation. These studies further demonstrate that chitin stimulate macrophages by interacting with different cell surface r ...
Immune tolerance by interferon-alpha in experimental arthritis Jaya Prakash Chalise Linköping University
Immune tolerance by interferon-alpha in experimental arthritis Jaya Prakash Chalise Linköping University

... IFN-α protects against antigen induced arthritis (Paper I and II). .................................................. 34 Effect of IFN-α on the humoral response during AIA: IFN-α has limited effect on humoral response (Paper I and II).................................................................. ...
Apoptotic Debris Accumulates on Hematopoietic Cells and
Apoptotic Debris Accumulates on Hematopoietic Cells and

... kidneys of lupus-prone mice when proteinuria and morbidity were diminished by blockade or genetic ablation of BAFF (24, 25). This indicates that IgG and complement deposits are not sufficient to induce lupus nephritis. Further studies using bone marrow chimeras showed that expression of FcgR on hema ...
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Polyclonal B cell response



Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.
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