The ontogeny of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) immune system
... larval myelopoietic sites were identified with mainly gene expression studies and histomorphological work35-41. Zebrafish is an extensively used fish model for the study of embryonic development because of the relative ease to study the transparent embryos, the powerful genetics, which can be applie ...
... larval myelopoietic sites were identified with mainly gene expression studies and histomorphological work35-41. Zebrafish is an extensively used fish model for the study of embryonic development because of the relative ease to study the transparent embryos, the powerful genetics, which can be applie ...
Bioassay-Validated Recombinant Cytokines
... Interleukin-5 (IL-5) is a homodimeric, disulphide-linked protein produced by T-cells. The native protein can have variable molecular weight as a result of glycosylation. Monomeric mouse IL-5 is a 113 amino acid protein with a reported molecular weight of 35 to 37 kD for the homodimeric protein. Mous ...
... Interleukin-5 (IL-5) is a homodimeric, disulphide-linked protein produced by T-cells. The native protein can have variable molecular weight as a result of glycosylation. Monomeric mouse IL-5 is a 113 amino acid protein with a reported molecular weight of 35 to 37 kD for the homodimeric protein. Mous ...
Carbon Sources Tune Antibiotic Susceptibility in
... Metabolically dormant bacteria present a critical challenge to effective antimicrobial therapy because these bacteria are genetically susceptible to antibiotic treatment but phenotypically tolerant. Such tolerance has been attributed to impaired drug uptake, which can be reversed by metabolic stimul ...
... Metabolically dormant bacteria present a critical challenge to effective antimicrobial therapy because these bacteria are genetically susceptible to antibiotic treatment but phenotypically tolerant. Such tolerance has been attributed to impaired drug uptake, which can be reversed by metabolic stimul ...
O A RIGINAL RTICLES
... pneumonia at the time of hospital admission were highest and lowest in patients with non-bacteraemic and bacteraemic disease respectively.20 More recently, Huo et al. reported that in a small group of patients with documented pneumococcal disease, the concentrations of circulating IgG antibodies to ...
... pneumonia at the time of hospital admission were highest and lowest in patients with non-bacteraemic and bacteraemic disease respectively.20 More recently, Huo et al. reported that in a small group of patients with documented pneumococcal disease, the concentrations of circulating IgG antibodies to ...
Neutrophils in tuberculosis: heterogeneity shapes the way?
... studies, both in vitro and in vivo [26–29]. Particularly, in vivo, neutrophils accumulated in the lung tissue and in the airspaces of mice challenged with BCG or Mtb one-day postchallenge and 1.6% of neutrophils contained mycobacteria [28]. In isolated human lung tissue infected in vitro with variou ...
... studies, both in vitro and in vivo [26–29]. Particularly, in vivo, neutrophils accumulated in the lung tissue and in the airspaces of mice challenged with BCG or Mtb one-day postchallenge and 1.6% of neutrophils contained mycobacteria [28]. In isolated human lung tissue infected in vitro with variou ...
Lymphatic Vessels, Inflammation, and Immunity
... and immunity. Recent revelations, however, have highlighted these important roles with respect to coordination of local inflammation (6) and immunity (7–11), indicating that their deregulation may similarly influence inflammation-induced tumor progression and metastasis. In this review, we discuss clin ...
... and immunity. Recent revelations, however, have highlighted these important roles with respect to coordination of local inflammation (6) and immunity (7–11), indicating that their deregulation may similarly influence inflammation-induced tumor progression and metastasis. In this review, we discuss clin ...
CD4+ T-Cell-Independent Secondary Immune Responses to
... Pneumocystis infection upon adoptive transfer into Rag1(−/−) mice (3). As such, CD4+ T-cells have been a primary focus in the study of host defense against this pathogen. However, it has also been shown that adoptive transfer of hyperimmune serum mediates effective passive immunity to Pneumocystis i ...
... Pneumocystis infection upon adoptive transfer into Rag1(−/−) mice (3). As such, CD4+ T-cells have been a primary focus in the study of host defense against this pathogen. However, it has also been shown that adoptive transfer of hyperimmune serum mediates effective passive immunity to Pneumocystis i ...
nk cell education and adhesion molecules
... MHC-I in otherwise normal cells. Recent evidence suggests that education is tunable and changes according to the net signaling input an individual NK cell receives. In paper I, we studied such retuning effects of NK cell education in different settings relevant to immunotherapy and asked whether the ...
... MHC-I in otherwise normal cells. Recent evidence suggests that education is tunable and changes according to the net signaling input an individual NK cell receives. In paper I, we studied such retuning effects of NK cell education in different settings relevant to immunotherapy and asked whether the ...
Altered frequency and migration capacity of CD4
... that the brightest 2% of the CD25+ population contains most of the Tregs [19], the CD25+ brightest subset was studied further. Notably, the absolute numbers of Tregsbright were significantly decreased in patients with SLE (18.1 2.4 cells/l, P < 0.0001) and patients with RA (43.9 5.4 cells/l, P ...
... that the brightest 2% of the CD25+ population contains most of the Tregs [19], the CD25+ brightest subset was studied further. Notably, the absolute numbers of Tregsbright were significantly decreased in patients with SLE (18.1 2.4 cells/l, P < 0.0001) and patients with RA (43.9 5.4 cells/l, P ...
Modulating impact of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone on the maturation
... There is no doubt that the maternal immune system is able to recognize and react to fetus-derived antigens. However, the fetus is recognized in such a way that the MHC-specific, acquired arm of the maternal immunity is suppressed [14]. Tregs expand during pregnancy and are present at the fetalmatern ...
... There is no doubt that the maternal immune system is able to recognize and react to fetus-derived antigens. However, the fetus is recognized in such a way that the MHC-specific, acquired arm of the maternal immunity is suppressed [14]. Tregs expand during pregnancy and are present at the fetalmatern ...
Mucosal candidiasis elicits NF-κB activation, proinflammatory gene
... throughout the epithelial layer of the swimbladder, but was restricted to this layer (Fig. 2A-C). The magnitude of activation was more obvious ex vivo, where it is clear that the epithelial cell layer in infected swimbladders fluoresce more strongly than those in uninfected swimbladders (Fig. 2D,E) ...
... throughout the epithelial layer of the swimbladder, but was restricted to this layer (Fig. 2A-C). The magnitude of activation was more obvious ex vivo, where it is clear that the epithelial cell layer in infected swimbladders fluoresce more strongly than those in uninfected swimbladders (Fig. 2D,E) ...
Flyer: Cell Therapy Systems
... feeder cells. BG01v morphology when cultured in CTS KnockOut SR XenoFree Medium on human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) attached with Gibco CTS CELLstart Substrate, passage 4. (B) Maintenance of pluripotency using CTS KnockOut SR XenoFree Medium. Following 10 passages in either Gibco KnockOut Serum Repl ...
... feeder cells. BG01v morphology when cultured in CTS KnockOut SR XenoFree Medium on human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) attached with Gibco CTS CELLstart Substrate, passage 4. (B) Maintenance of pluripotency using CTS KnockOut SR XenoFree Medium. Following 10 passages in either Gibco KnockOut Serum Repl ...
here - EPLAW Patent Blog
... Where whole pathogen vaccines are not feasible, other approaches are needed and vaccines may comprise inactive split parts or sub-units of pathogens or recombinantly derived antigens. In recent decades there have been significant advances in peptide (and carbohydrate) engineering and recombinant tec ...
... Where whole pathogen vaccines are not feasible, other approaches are needed and vaccines may comprise inactive split parts or sub-units of pathogens or recombinantly derived antigens. In recent decades there have been significant advances in peptide (and carbohydrate) engineering and recombinant tec ...
tRNA-derived short RNAs bind to Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... The mode of gene expression regulation by tRNA cleavage is not well understood yet, but similarly to its biogenesis it seems to differ between higher eukaryotes and other organisms. One of the possible regulatory mechanisms is a decrease of tRNA availability. However, it has been shown that during s ...
... The mode of gene expression regulation by tRNA cleavage is not well understood yet, but similarly to its biogenesis it seems to differ between higher eukaryotes and other organisms. One of the possible regulatory mechanisms is a decrease of tRNA availability. However, it has been shown that during s ...
Glutamine and glutamate—their central role in cell metabolism and
... be elucidated. Glutamate is additionally important in the -cell as a substrate for the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase, which produces the signalling molecule -amino butyric acid (GABA48). GABA production and secretion may be important for regulation of insulin secretion in the intact islet of ...
... be elucidated. Glutamate is additionally important in the -cell as a substrate for the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase, which produces the signalling molecule -amino butyric acid (GABA48). GABA production and secretion may be important for regulation of insulin secretion in the intact islet of ...
Hall - Autism Speaks
... autism. Indeed, viral infection of pregnant mice induces a syndrome in the offspring with striking anatomical and behavioral parallels to autism. These effects are seen following a wide variety of immune challenges, and despite a lack of virus in the fetal circulation, suggesting that a relatively n ...
... autism. Indeed, viral infection of pregnant mice induces a syndrome in the offspring with striking anatomical and behavioral parallels to autism. These effects are seen following a wide variety of immune challenges, and despite a lack of virus in the fetal circulation, suggesting that a relatively n ...
MONOCYTE AND MACROPHAGE HETEROGENEITY
... sinus-lining macrophages. As a consequence, the classification of the mononuclearphagocyte system was altered to include only macrophages and their monocyte precursors and lineage-committed bone-marrow precursors2. However, this classification might require further refinement as the origins of fetal ...
... sinus-lining macrophages. As a consequence, the classification of the mononuclearphagocyte system was altered to include only macrophages and their monocyte precursors and lineage-committed bone-marrow precursors2. However, this classification might require further refinement as the origins of fetal ...
Antigen-induced, tolerogenic CD11c+,CD11b+ dendritic cells are
... their phenotype and their localization in lymphoid tissues (16). Iwasaki and Kelsall have recently identified and characterized 3 distinct subsets of DCs in murine Peyer’s patches (17,18): 1) CD11b⫹,CD8␣⫺ DCs with a myeloid lineage, residing in the subepithelial region; 2) CD11b⫺,CD8␣⫹ DCs with a ly ...
... their phenotype and their localization in lymphoid tissues (16). Iwasaki and Kelsall have recently identified and characterized 3 distinct subsets of DCs in murine Peyer’s patches (17,18): 1) CD11b⫹,CD8␣⫺ DCs with a myeloid lineage, residing in the subepithelial region; 2) CD11b⫺,CD8␣⫹ DCs with a ly ...
Developing a vaccine for tick paralysis
... lymph vcs;cls and lymph nodes throughout the body. When ·foreign' particles such as bacteria or toxans invade the body. cells cal· led lymphocytes produce antibodies large globular protein~ called immunoglobulins - which combine with the harm· ful antigenic molecules of the invader. Most lymphocytes ...
... lymph vcs;cls and lymph nodes throughout the body. When ·foreign' particles such as bacteria or toxans invade the body. cells cal· led lymphocytes produce antibodies large globular protein~ called immunoglobulins - which combine with the harm· ful antigenic molecules of the invader. Most lymphocytes ...
Polyclonal B cell response
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.