The Vaccine Adjuvant Chitosan Promotes Cellular Immunity via DNA Sensor cGAS-STING-Dependent
... Chitosan Promoted the Transcription and Secretion of Type I Interferons and ISGs by DCs Signaling through IFNAR was shown to be crucial for the ability of chitosan to promote antigen-specific Th1 responses. As a result, we addressed the ability of chitosan to promote type I IFN production by DCs. Th ...
... Chitosan Promoted the Transcription and Secretion of Type I Interferons and ISGs by DCs Signaling through IFNAR was shown to be crucial for the ability of chitosan to promote antigen-specific Th1 responses. As a result, we addressed the ability of chitosan to promote type I IFN production by DCs. Th ...
Tract Infection Oviduct Pathology in Chlamydial Genital Receptor
... matis as well as its role in inflammation and the resulting pathological sequelae that occur (5–10). The relatively new discovery of the involvement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (11) in the innate host response has prompted investigations of these receptors as potential regulators of the response t ...
... matis as well as its role in inflammation and the resulting pathological sequelae that occur (5–10). The relatively new discovery of the involvement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (11) in the innate host response has prompted investigations of these receptors as potential regulators of the response t ...
Molecular forms of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in serum: clinical
... More than 80 antibodies against PSA have been very carefully characterised based on their binding regions on the protein [17]. Because of the high degree of amino acid sequence identity between PSA and hK2 (80% identity), many monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against PSA cross-react with hK2 – also with ...
... More than 80 antibodies against PSA have been very carefully characterised based on their binding regions on the protein [17]. Because of the high degree of amino acid sequence identity between PSA and hK2 (80% identity), many monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against PSA cross-react with hK2 – also with ...
Influenza vaccine
... 1. Burden of preventable infectious diseases (PIDs) 2. Immunosenescence 3. Roles of the homeostatic milieu 4. Consequences of the age related changes in immune responses 5. Strategy to address immunosenescence 6. Take home messages ...
... 1. Burden of preventable infectious diseases (PIDs) 2. Immunosenescence 3. Roles of the homeostatic milieu 4. Consequences of the age related changes in immune responses 5. Strategy to address immunosenescence 6. Take home messages ...
Allergic conjunctivitis: a comprehensive review of the literature Open Access
... Contact allergy, or allergic contact dermatitis, is not an IgEmediated allergy, and can be considered in a different category than the before mentioned allergic conditions [24]. It is a type-IV delayed hypersensitivity response, that occurs through interaction of antigens with Th1 and Th2 cell subse ...
... Contact allergy, or allergic contact dermatitis, is not an IgEmediated allergy, and can be considered in a different category than the before mentioned allergic conditions [24]. It is a type-IV delayed hypersensitivity response, that occurs through interaction of antigens with Th1 and Th2 cell subse ...
Chronic stress and ageing: effects on immune function
... events in the body of both. Adrenalin and noradrenalin mainly, but with GC potentiating the effects, will increase arousal, alertness and vigilance, focus attention and elevate core temperature. In addition, they are responsible for the increase in the pain threshold (Kulkarni 1980), cardiovascular ...
... events in the body of both. Adrenalin and noradrenalin mainly, but with GC potentiating the effects, will increase arousal, alertness and vigilance, focus attention and elevate core temperature. In addition, they are responsible for the increase in the pain threshold (Kulkarni 1980), cardiovascular ...
Review - American Physiological Society
... HLAs: Human leukocyte antigens. The cell surface molecules encoded by genes in the MHC on chromosome 6. These molecules are divided into 2 classes (class I and class II) on the basis of their structure. Class I and II molecules attach and present antigens to CD8⫹ (cytotoxic and suppressor cells) T c ...
... HLAs: Human leukocyte antigens. The cell surface molecules encoded by genes in the MHC on chromosome 6. These molecules are divided into 2 classes (class I and class II) on the basis of their structure. Class I and II molecules attach and present antigens to CD8⫹ (cytotoxic and suppressor cells) T c ...
Allergic conjunctivitis: a comprehensive review of the literature
... Contact allergy, or allergic contact dermatitis, is not an IgEmediated allergy, and can be considered in a different category than the before mentioned allergic conditions [24]. It is a type-IV delayed hypersensitivity response, that occurs through interaction of antigens with Th1 and Th2 cell subse ...
... Contact allergy, or allergic contact dermatitis, is not an IgEmediated allergy, and can be considered in a different category than the before mentioned allergic conditions [24]. It is a type-IV delayed hypersensitivity response, that occurs through interaction of antigens with Th1 and Th2 cell subse ...
Identification of Antigen-Specific B Cell Receptor Sequences Using
... rate, and the isotype subclasses is lacking. For TT, the limited data indicate that there is a much more diverse repertoire with very few sequences that are shared (28, 29). The use of Ags with CDR3 sequences known to specifically bind Ag, together with deep sequencing of B cell H chain variable dom ...
... rate, and the isotype subclasses is lacking. For TT, the limited data indicate that there is a much more diverse repertoire with very few sequences that are shared (28, 29). The use of Ags with CDR3 sequences known to specifically bind Ag, together with deep sequencing of B cell H chain variable dom ...
Crosstalk between cancer and immune cells: role of
... activation of receptor-associated tyrosine kinases, which are usually members of the Janus kinase (JAK) family 23–25. In addition to cytokines, STATs are also activated by many growth factor receptors with intrinsic tyrosine-kinase activity 28–30. The growth factor receptors that are known to activa ...
... activation of receptor-associated tyrosine kinases, which are usually members of the Janus kinase (JAK) family 23–25. In addition to cytokines, STATs are also activated by many growth factor receptors with intrinsic tyrosine-kinase activity 28–30. The growth factor receptors that are known to activa ...
Biology H
... 3.2.9.C-Apply the elements of scientific inquiry to solve problems. 3.2.9.D-Identify and apply the technological design process to solve problems. S11.A.2.1-Apply knowledge of scientific investigation or technological design to develop or critique aspects of the experimental or design process. (Refe ...
... 3.2.9.C-Apply the elements of scientific inquiry to solve problems. 3.2.9.D-Identify and apply the technological design process to solve problems. S11.A.2.1-Apply knowledge of scientific investigation or technological design to develop or critique aspects of the experimental or design process. (Refe ...
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... infections experienced by the military recruits with a substantially lower incidence of pneumonia in the vitamin C group, but did not confirm the findings of a lower incidence of infection observed in previous intervention trials. This study did, however, possess a number of differences in design to ...
... infections experienced by the military recruits with a substantially lower incidence of pneumonia in the vitamin C group, but did not confirm the findings of a lower incidence of infection observed in previous intervention trials. This study did, however, possess a number of differences in design to ...
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulates bovine neutrophil production
... preparation. On a per cell basis the monocytes in the previous study [8] produced far more molecules of cytokines than the PMN in our study. However, during mastitis PMN far outnumber macrophages by several orders of magnitude, and can therefore be major sources of cytokines like TNF-α. It was recen ...
... preparation. On a per cell basis the monocytes in the previous study [8] produced far more molecules of cytokines than the PMN in our study. However, during mastitis PMN far outnumber macrophages by several orders of magnitude, and can therefore be major sources of cytokines like TNF-α. It was recen ...
Small intestinal eosinophils regulate Th17 cells by producing IL
... To determine whether small intestinal eosinophils suppress Th17 cell development, we induced in vitro differentiation of Th17 cells from naive CD4+ T cells in the presence or absence of eosinophils purified from the small intestine (Fig. S1). Along with TGF-β, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-23, which are conve ...
... To determine whether small intestinal eosinophils suppress Th17 cell development, we induced in vitro differentiation of Th17 cells from naive CD4+ T cells in the presence or absence of eosinophils purified from the small intestine (Fig. S1). Along with TGF-β, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-23, which are conve ...
Analysis of the roles of Interleukin 15 and CD4+ T cells specific of a
... In physiological conditions, robust immunological mechanisms avoid adverse responses to food antigens. In contrast, in celiac disease that affects about 1% of Western populations, exposure to dietary gluten of genetically predisposed HLA-DQ2.5/ DQ8 individuals triggers a chronic small intestinal ent ...
... In physiological conditions, robust immunological mechanisms avoid adverse responses to food antigens. In contrast, in celiac disease that affects about 1% of Western populations, exposure to dietary gluten of genetically predisposed HLA-DQ2.5/ DQ8 individuals triggers a chronic small intestinal ent ...
Non‐invasive imaging of allogeneic transplanted skin graft by 131I
... essential for clinicians to identify and monitor tolerance accurately. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg is the first choice which associates with allograft tolerance induction. Although it has been suggested by a number of studies reporting an increased circulating proportion of Treg in operationally tolerant tr ...
... essential for clinicians to identify and monitor tolerance accurately. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg is the first choice which associates with allograft tolerance induction. Although it has been suggested by a number of studies reporting an increased circulating proportion of Treg in operationally tolerant tr ...
Small intestinal eosinophils regulate Th17 cells by producing IL
... To determine whether small intestinal eosinophils suppress Th17 cell development, we induced in vitro differentiation of Th17 cells from naive CD4+ T cells in the presence or absence of eosinophils purified from the small intestine (Fig. S1). Along with TGF-β, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-23, which are conve ...
... To determine whether small intestinal eosinophils suppress Th17 cell development, we induced in vitro differentiation of Th17 cells from naive CD4+ T cells in the presence or absence of eosinophils purified from the small intestine (Fig. S1). Along with TGF-β, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-23, which are conve ...
Raised plasma G-CSF and IL-6 after exercise may play a role in
... cells and in decreasing the transit time for neutrophils through the bone marrow into the peripheral blood (22). Moreover, several recent reports have shown that G-CSF is a faster mobilizing agent than corticosteroids for the collection of granulocytes for transfusion (6). Therefore, the increased l ...
... cells and in decreasing the transit time for neutrophils through the bone marrow into the peripheral blood (22). Moreover, several recent reports have shown that G-CSF is a faster mobilizing agent than corticosteroids for the collection of granulocytes for transfusion (6). Therefore, the increased l ...
review article
... mature in the thymus are called T cells ; other lymphocytes are called B cells. B cells secrete antibodies, chemicals that match specific invaders called antigens (humoral immunity). T cells do not secrete antibodies but act as messengers and killers, locating and destroying invading antigens (cellu ...
... mature in the thymus are called T cells ; other lymphocytes are called B cells. B cells secrete antibodies, chemicals that match specific invaders called antigens (humoral immunity). T cells do not secrete antibodies but act as messengers and killers, locating and destroying invading antigens (cellu ...
THE EVOLUTION OF MIMICRY IN PARASITES Amy Hurford
... in the lymphoid tissue, which includes the process of clonal deletion, and 2) peripheral tolerance: the suppression of self-reactive lymphocytes in the blood and lymph. Lymphocytes are the cells of the immune system that respond to specific types of antigens, where ‘antigen’ and ‘epitope’ refers to ...
... in the lymphoid tissue, which includes the process of clonal deletion, and 2) peripheral tolerance: the suppression of self-reactive lymphocytes in the blood and lymph. Lymphocytes are the cells of the immune system that respond to specific types of antigens, where ‘antigen’ and ‘epitope’ refers to ...
Recognition of LPS by TLR4: potential for anti
... many different forms of lipid A with their modification systems, that are mostly induced or repressed by the changes in growth conditions, such as pH, presence of antimicrobial peptides and divalent cation concentrations (Raetz et al. 2007). It is shown that marine bacteria that live in very differe ...
... many different forms of lipid A with their modification systems, that are mostly induced or repressed by the changes in growth conditions, such as pH, presence of antimicrobial peptides and divalent cation concentrations (Raetz et al. 2007). It is shown that marine bacteria that live in very differe ...
TLR2 and TLR4 expression on CD14++ and CD14+ monocyte
... through toll-like receptors (TLRs), a type of pattern recognition receptors. Activation of TLRs results in the secretion of anti-bacterial peptides and cytokines. These initiate an inflammatory response that further leads to the recruitment of cells responsible for adaptive immunity. Activation of T ...
... through toll-like receptors (TLRs), a type of pattern recognition receptors. Activation of TLRs results in the secretion of anti-bacterial peptides and cytokines. These initiate an inflammatory response that further leads to the recruitment of cells responsible for adaptive immunity. Activation of T ...
Polyclonal B cell response
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.