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Novel vaccines from biotechnology
... a single F protein. This ‘string of beads’ vaccine should be capable of inducing protective immunity to a wide range of viruses in a single subunit. The combination of genomics, bioinformatics and recombinant technology has even allowed for the development of vaccine candidates before the pathogen c ...
... a single F protein. This ‘string of beads’ vaccine should be capable of inducing protective immunity to a wide range of viruses in a single subunit. The combination of genomics, bioinformatics and recombinant technology has even allowed for the development of vaccine candidates before the pathogen c ...
Parasite-host relationship: a lesson from a professional killer
... Orthoptera) epidermal tissues and wraps itself within it. This sort of bag acts thus as a camouflage for the endoparasite which is recognized as self by the host. The stage of development of the host is also essential in determining the outcome of parasitization (Khafagi and Hegazi, 2004). In genera ...
... Orthoptera) epidermal tissues and wraps itself within it. This sort of bag acts thus as a camouflage for the endoparasite which is recognized as self by the host. The stage of development of the host is also essential in determining the outcome of parasitization (Khafagi and Hegazi, 2004). In genera ...
Crosstalk between cancer and immune cells: role of
... cancers. Furthermore, many tumour-produced factors, such as IL-10, IL-6 and VEGF, which are crucial for both tumour growth and immunosuppression, activate STAT3 to create an efficient ‘feedforward’ mechanism to ensure increased STAT3 activity both in tumour cells and in tumour-associated immune cell ...
... cancers. Furthermore, many tumour-produced factors, such as IL-10, IL-6 and VEGF, which are crucial for both tumour growth and immunosuppression, activate STAT3 to create an efficient ‘feedforward’ mechanism to ensure increased STAT3 activity both in tumour cells and in tumour-associated immune cell ...
Probiotics Applications in Autoimmune Diseases
... lymphocytes such as T helper cells. These cells play an important role in the adaptive immune response. Thus, T helper cells have a more administrative role where it comes to neutralizing infected cells. Accordingly, they do not have direct cytotoxic or phagocytic effect. This role covers activating ...
... lymphocytes such as T helper cells. These cells play an important role in the adaptive immune response. Thus, T helper cells have a more administrative role where it comes to neutralizing infected cells. Accordingly, they do not have direct cytotoxic or phagocytic effect. This role covers activating ...
Pinto, A. K., A. M. Jamieson, D. H. Raulet, and A. B. Hill. 2007. The role of NKG2D signaling in inhibition of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte lysis by the Murine cytomegalovirus immunoevasin m152/gp40. J. Viro 81:12564-12571 .
... CTL lysis appears greater than would be expected based on its impact on cell surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. In addition to MHC class I, m152/gp40 also downregulates the RAE-1 family of NKG2D ligands, which can provide costimulation for CD8 T cells. We hypothesized that m152/ ...
... CTL lysis appears greater than would be expected based on its impact on cell surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. In addition to MHC class I, m152/gp40 also downregulates the RAE-1 family of NKG2D ligands, which can provide costimulation for CD8 T cells. We hypothesized that m152/ ...
Tumors and Ly6Chigh Monocytes Fatemeh Zare
... up at your office door with a million questions. My gratitude also goes to Dr. Jaume Comas for teaching me flow cytometry, and developing the cell sorting protocol. I would like to extend my appreciation to all the members of the Macrophage Biology, both past and present, for their technical support ...
... up at your office door with a million questions. My gratitude also goes to Dr. Jaume Comas for teaching me flow cytometry, and developing the cell sorting protocol. I would like to extend my appreciation to all the members of the Macrophage Biology, both past and present, for their technical support ...
Divergent TLR7 and TLR9 signaling and type I interferon production
... cells15,17 and facilitating the induction of antiviral CD8+ T cell, CD4+ T cell, NK cell and B cell responses18–20. In both sooty mangabeys and rhesus macaques, DCs could be divided into pDCs and mDCs with antibodies for CD123 and CD11c, respectively (Fig. 1d). As neither pDC nor mDC populations hav ...
... cells15,17 and facilitating the induction of antiviral CD8+ T cell, CD4+ T cell, NK cell and B cell responses18–20. In both sooty mangabeys and rhesus macaques, DCs could be divided into pDCs and mDCs with antibodies for CD123 and CD11c, respectively (Fig. 1d). As neither pDC nor mDC populations hav ...
WHO Meeting on Immunological Endpoints for TB Vaccine Trials
... studies of BCG-induced immunity[13,14], and is currently the primary screening assay to test multiple novel TB antigens in large Gates-funded consortiums[15]. Both these applications have involved measuring IFN-γ as the primary endpoint. IFN-γ is an example of a cytokine that is stable in culture an ...
... studies of BCG-induced immunity[13,14], and is currently the primary screening assay to test multiple novel TB antigens in large Gates-funded consortiums[15]. Both these applications have involved measuring IFN-γ as the primary endpoint. IFN-γ is an example of a cytokine that is stable in culture an ...
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Tat
... infection and morbidity. We have directed our attention to one arm of the humoral immune system in which such factors might reside: the natural antibody repertoire. Among the various functions or raisons d'etre proposed for natural antibodies is that they may constitute a "first line of defense" aga ...
... infection and morbidity. We have directed our attention to one arm of the humoral immune system in which such factors might reside: the natural antibody repertoire. Among the various functions or raisons d'etre proposed for natural antibodies is that they may constitute a "first line of defense" aga ...
biographical sketch Provide the following information for the key
... interleukin 2 enhances peripheral blood T-cell responses to mitogen and antigens in patients with lepromatous leprosy. Scand. J. Immunol. 32: 83-91, 1990. Kaleab, B., Kiessling, R., Converse, P., Halapi, E., Tadesse, G., Rottenberg, M., and Ottenhoff, T. Mycobacterial-induced cytotoxic T cells as we ...
... interleukin 2 enhances peripheral blood T-cell responses to mitogen and antigens in patients with lepromatous leprosy. Scand. J. Immunol. 32: 83-91, 1990. Kaleab, B., Kiessling, R., Converse, P., Halapi, E., Tadesse, G., Rottenberg, M., and Ottenhoff, T. Mycobacterial-induced cytotoxic T cells as we ...
Newborns Develop a Th1-Type Immune Response to
... polysaccharide vaccines against bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae. Data obtained in animals have suggested that the quality of the T lymphocyte response is also affected. Newborn mice preferentially develop Th2-type responses following immunization and are deficient in Th1 responses (1–3). Th1 ...
... polysaccharide vaccines against bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae. Data obtained in animals have suggested that the quality of the T lymphocyte response is also affected. Newborn mice preferentially develop Th2-type responses following immunization and are deficient in Th1 responses (1–3). Th1 ...
Workshop summary Primary immunodeficiency diseases: An update
... of each form. The clinical spectrum and the prognosis of these various defects of class-switch recombination is variable and justifies inclusion of some forms (CD40 ligand and CD40 defects) among combined immunodeficiencies (Table I) and of B-cell intrinsic defects (activationinduced cytidine deamin ...
... of each form. The clinical spectrum and the prognosis of these various defects of class-switch recombination is variable and justifies inclusion of some forms (CD40 ligand and CD40 defects) among combined immunodeficiencies (Table I) and of B-cell intrinsic defects (activationinduced cytidine deamin ...
Multiple Choice Questions
... A is wrong because medications not uncommonly cause AIHA by one of several mechanisms, including “haptenizing” effects such as penicillins, and immunomodulation, such as tacrolimus. C is incorrect. Blood banks may provide “least badly matched blood” for emergencies, and hemolysis won’t necessarily b ...
... A is wrong because medications not uncommonly cause AIHA by one of several mechanisms, including “haptenizing” effects such as penicillins, and immunomodulation, such as tacrolimus. C is incorrect. Blood banks may provide “least badly matched blood” for emergencies, and hemolysis won’t necessarily b ...
Candida
... induction of S100 alarmin-mediated inflammation during vaginal infection. However, while IL-17 and IL-22 were increased moderately in wild-type mice following inoculation, both cytokines were virtually negligible in IL-23p192/2 mice, suggesting that the cytokines by these other cell sources is minim ...
... induction of S100 alarmin-mediated inflammation during vaginal infection. However, while IL-17 and IL-22 were increased moderately in wild-type mice following inoculation, both cytokines were virtually negligible in IL-23p192/2 mice, suggesting that the cytokines by these other cell sources is minim ...
Basophils contribute to TH2-IgE responses in vivo via IL
... undergo differentiation in situ1,7. Thus, normally, mature mast cells are not found in the circulation. In contrast, basophils are rare circulating granulocytes that originate from progenitors in the bone marrow. Basophils constitute less than 1% of blood leukocytes and are normally not present in t ...
... undergo differentiation in situ1,7. Thus, normally, mature mast cells are not found in the circulation. In contrast, basophils are rare circulating granulocytes that originate from progenitors in the bone marrow. Basophils constitute less than 1% of blood leukocytes and are normally not present in t ...
Contraception - University of Missouri Animal Sciences
... •Mucosal M-cells bring the immunogen from vaccine in contact with mucosal immune cells (lymphocytes); these lymphocytes produce antibodies (secretory IgA) •One mucosal immunization site can provoke antibody production in all other mucosal sites (IgAs travel in the body). Thus oral/nasal vaccines can ...
... •Mucosal M-cells bring the immunogen from vaccine in contact with mucosal immune cells (lymphocytes); these lymphocytes produce antibodies (secretory IgA) •One mucosal immunization site can provoke antibody production in all other mucosal sites (IgAs travel in the body). Thus oral/nasal vaccines can ...
HMGB1-promoted and TLR2/4-dependent NK cell maturation and
... Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 430030 Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 430030 ...
... Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 430030 Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 430030 ...
Public summary of opinion on orphan - EMA
... At the time of submission, the medicine was not authorised anywhere in the EU for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome or designated as an orphan medicinal product elsewhere for this condition. The medicine had been granted orphan designation in the EU for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (a lung disease aff ...
... At the time of submission, the medicine was not authorised anywhere in the EU for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome or designated as an orphan medicinal product elsewhere for this condition. The medicine had been granted orphan designation in the EU for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (a lung disease aff ...
Modulation of interferon gamma response
... tive components postulated to boost the immune system [2]. The immunomodulatory components of BC includes cytokines that promote both cell-mediated (Th1) and humoral (Th2) immunity such as interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IFN-γ, and tumour necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α) [3]. Interfero ...
... tive components postulated to boost the immune system [2]. The immunomodulatory components of BC includes cytokines that promote both cell-mediated (Th1) and humoral (Th2) immunity such as interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IFN-γ, and tumour necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α) [3]. Interfero ...
Gut Microbiota_ The Conductor in the Orchestra of Immune
... glycosphingolipid that inhibits natural killer T-cell proliferation in the colonic lamina propria.52 B fragilis polysaccharide A, conversely, interacts with the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 on DCs to induce colonic regulatory T cells (Tregs).53 Colonic Tregs have been demonstrated to also be induced b ...
... glycosphingolipid that inhibits natural killer T-cell proliferation in the colonic lamina propria.52 B fragilis polysaccharide A, conversely, interacts with the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 on DCs to induce colonic regulatory T cells (Tregs).53 Colonic Tregs have been demonstrated to also be induced b ...
The Very Young Patient - Advances in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
... The allelic architecture of common susceptibility variants for pediatric IBD is similar to adult onset ...
... The allelic architecture of common susceptibility variants for pediatric IBD is similar to adult onset ...
Cancer immunotherapy
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peptide_bound_to_Rituximab_FAB.png?width=300)
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.