i. introduction
... or the bursa of Fabricius. The function of these organs was understood in the sixties and early seventies, decades after he published his seminal papers on stress. With the advent of the science of Immunology it became clear that stress has a profound immunosuppressive effect and increases the susce ...
... or the bursa of Fabricius. The function of these organs was understood in the sixties and early seventies, decades after he published his seminal papers on stress. With the advent of the science of Immunology it became clear that stress has a profound immunosuppressive effect and increases the susce ...
Immunity not Luck - Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and
... Continued HIV-1 exposure through sex work appears to be necessary for persistence of detectable levels of CTL and protection against infection (Kaul JCI 2001). Systemic HIV specific IFN- CTL responses alone do not correlate with protection against infection in a prospective study (Kaul AIDS 2004). ...
... Continued HIV-1 exposure through sex work appears to be necessary for persistence of detectable levels of CTL and protection against infection (Kaul JCI 2001). Systemic HIV specific IFN- CTL responses alone do not correlate with protection against infection in a prospective study (Kaul AIDS 2004). ...
Mistletoe in the treatment of malignant melanoma
... Malignant melanoma is a malignant neoplasia drives from melanocytes. Malignant melanoma, the most causing death, is seen in the third place at skin cancer. Malignant melanoma shows intrinsic resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and variability in the course of the disease which are distinct feature ...
... Malignant melanoma is a malignant neoplasia drives from melanocytes. Malignant melanoma, the most causing death, is seen in the third place at skin cancer. Malignant melanoma shows intrinsic resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and variability in the course of the disease which are distinct feature ...
Clinical Potential of Biological Response Modifiers Combined with
... Adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer has been conducted in clinical trials since the 1950s. Since the cellmediated immune reaction of the cancer-bearing host is suppressed, especially after surgery, immune modulators have been used to improve patients’ prognosis after surgery. BRMs including pol ...
... Adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer has been conducted in clinical trials since the 1950s. Since the cellmediated immune reaction of the cancer-bearing host is suppressed, especially after surgery, immune modulators have been used to improve patients’ prognosis after surgery. BRMs including pol ...
NK Cells and Immune ``Memory`
... and in the absence of secondary infection, memory NK cells in mice are difficult to detect 6 mo after MCMV infection; however, this represents a relative time span equivalent to decades in humans (J.C. Sun and L.L. Lanier, unpublished observations). Whether the overall long-lived NK cell population ...
... and in the absence of secondary infection, memory NK cells in mice are difficult to detect 6 mo after MCMV infection; however, this represents a relative time span equivalent to decades in humans (J.C. Sun and L.L. Lanier, unpublished observations). Whether the overall long-lived NK cell population ...
... is produced by synovial tissues of the joints, in Castelman’s disease with the symptoms of fever, lymph nodes enlargement, anemia, high levels of acute phase proteins. In such pathological conditions the high IL-6 levels were accompanied by high soluble IL-6R levels. In order to block the signal tra ...
Induc.LessonBio10-10
... red blood cells, plasma recipient’s antigen. When given a hypothetical organ donation scenario with one donor and 5 possible recipients (with all blood groups listed), students will select the recipients who will need anti-rejection medication and give reasons for their selection. Lesson Phases with ...
... red blood cells, plasma recipient’s antigen. When given a hypothetical organ donation scenario with one donor and 5 possible recipients (with all blood groups listed), students will select the recipients who will need anti-rejection medication and give reasons for their selection. Lesson Phases with ...
Millie Hughes-Fulford: Scientist in Space
... At the time of the first Apollo missions in the 1960s, half the astronauts became ill during their flight or soon after coming home. Scientists realized that the pull of Earth’s gravity kept the human body healthy. In a zero gravity environment, the human body experiences alterations at the cellular ...
... At the time of the first Apollo missions in the 1960s, half the astronauts became ill during their flight or soon after coming home. Scientists realized that the pull of Earth’s gravity kept the human body healthy. In a zero gravity environment, the human body experiences alterations at the cellular ...
C7. Time schedule of the research plan solution
... its high standards and its status on an international level. A few internationally respected groups work at the 2nd Medical Faculty - Charles University, both in the field of basic and applied clinical research. The quality is also enhanced by our success in getting grants financed by various grant ...
... its high standards and its status on an international level. A few internationally respected groups work at the 2nd Medical Faculty - Charles University, both in the field of basic and applied clinical research. The quality is also enhanced by our success in getting grants financed by various grant ...
Licentiate thesis from the Department of Immunology,
... Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system confers a high degree of specificity and diversity and is able to remember captured pathogens by the production of antigen-specific memory cells. The innate arm is said to activate the adaptive immune system and therefore the initial qualit ...
... Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system confers a high degree of specificity and diversity and is able to remember captured pathogens by the production of antigen-specific memory cells. The innate arm is said to activate the adaptive immune system and therefore the initial qualit ...
Heatshock proteins as dendritic celltargeting vaccines getting warmer
... complexes, results in generation of a peptide-specific CD4+ T-cell response.66 In April 2008, Vitespen was approved in Russia as a patient-specific adjuvant treatment of kidney cancer for individuals at intermediate-risk for disease recurrence. Outside Russia, Vitespen is an investigational vaccine ...
... complexes, results in generation of a peptide-specific CD4+ T-cell response.66 In April 2008, Vitespen was approved in Russia as a patient-specific adjuvant treatment of kidney cancer for individuals at intermediate-risk for disease recurrence. Outside Russia, Vitespen is an investigational vaccine ...
Myeloma VL and VH Gene Sequences Reveal a
... encoded by the V or J genes. In some cases, these appeared to be derived from flanking regions of the genes, and could therefore be accounted for by imprecision at the joint. In 5 of 15, there were additional nucleotides which may represent N-region additions, contributed by TdT activity. In a major ...
... encoded by the V or J genes. In some cases, these appeared to be derived from flanking regions of the genes, and could therefore be accounted for by imprecision at the joint. In 5 of 15, there were additional nucleotides which may represent N-region additions, contributed by TdT activity. In a major ...
Activation of myeloid dendritic cells, effector cells and regulatory T
... in skin diseases has only been studied in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis [14–16]. Polyfunctionality is defined as the ability to simultaneously produce multiple cytokines and has an important role in viral control. In HIV and tuberculosis, polyfunctionality has been associated with better vaccine r ...
... in skin diseases has only been studied in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis [14–16]. Polyfunctionality is defined as the ability to simultaneously produce multiple cytokines and has an important role in viral control. In HIV and tuberculosis, polyfunctionality has been associated with better vaccine r ...
Blood Cells PPT
... Bacteria are so small that hundreds of them can fit inside one white blood cell. However, bacteria usually do not invade body cells. They live between the cells of the body, using up nutrients in the area, and they cause harm by secreting toxins. Viruses are so small that thousands of them can f ...
... Bacteria are so small that hundreds of them can fit inside one white blood cell. However, bacteria usually do not invade body cells. They live between the cells of the body, using up nutrients in the area, and they cause harm by secreting toxins. Viruses are so small that thousands of them can f ...
Immune System Computation and the Immunological Homunculus
... existence as well as to sporadic episodes of clinical illness due to infection or injury. The immune system acts as a maintenance system; defense is only one aspect of maintenance (9). Actually, Eli Metchnikoff experimented with immune maintenance a century ago, but the discovery of antibodies to in ...
... existence as well as to sporadic episodes of clinical illness due to infection or injury. The immune system acts as a maintenance system; defense is only one aspect of maintenance (9). Actually, Eli Metchnikoff experimented with immune maintenance a century ago, but the discovery of antibodies to in ...
Fungal killing by mammalian phagocytic cells
... The role for mannan receptors TLR2 and TLR4 has also been under intense scrutiny. TLR2 was proposed to be important in immunity against C. albicans, while TLR4 was not [9]. However, studies with knockout mice and mutant C. albicans strains have shown the importance of TLR4 [10]. Galectin-3 is a b- ...
... The role for mannan receptors TLR2 and TLR4 has also been under intense scrutiny. TLR2 was proposed to be important in immunity against C. albicans, while TLR4 was not [9]. However, studies with knockout mice and mutant C. albicans strains have shown the importance of TLR4 [10]. Galectin-3 is a b- ...
Immune escape from a graft-versus-leukemia effect may play a role
... (BMT) for evidence of immune escape by clonal evolution of the leukemia. Relapsed cells from four out of five patients had a reduced ability to stimulate proliferation of lymphocytes from an HLA-mismatched responder. There was decreased susceptibility to lysis by CTL in three and reduced susceptibil ...
... (BMT) for evidence of immune escape by clonal evolution of the leukemia. Relapsed cells from four out of five patients had a reduced ability to stimulate proliferation of lymphocytes from an HLA-mismatched responder. There was decreased susceptibility to lysis by CTL in three and reduced susceptibil ...
PDF - Bentham Open
... and Munro’s microabscess (*). Lymphocytes and a few neutrophils are present in the perivascular infiltrates. In immunohistochemical analysis, Dako-PoAb (b) shows positive signal in keratinocytes restricted to the upper epidermal cell layers and inflammatory infiltrating cells, including those in Mun ...
... and Munro’s microabscess (*). Lymphocytes and a few neutrophils are present in the perivascular infiltrates. In immunohistochemical analysis, Dako-PoAb (b) shows positive signal in keratinocytes restricted to the upper epidermal cell layers and inflammatory infiltrating cells, including those in Mun ...
Abbreviations - Danish Medical Bulletin
... suggested. There are two major arguments supporting a central role for Th cells: 1) Most EAE models can be induced by transferring activated myelin-reactive Th cells from a diseased animal into the blood stream of an unaffected animal, a process termed adoptive transfer. In contrast, few EAE models ...
... suggested. There are two major arguments supporting a central role for Th cells: 1) Most EAE models can be induced by transferring activated myelin-reactive Th cells from a diseased animal into the blood stream of an unaffected animal, a process termed adoptive transfer. In contrast, few EAE models ...
Ribosomes in platelets protect the messenger
... risk of tumor necrosis and toxicity resulting from virus reactivation.7 Second, autologous cytotoxic T cells expanded against EBV antigens have been tested, but the very frequent expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) and immunosuppressive cytokines by NK/T lymphoma cells could inhibit T-cel ...
... risk of tumor necrosis and toxicity resulting from virus reactivation.7 Second, autologous cytotoxic T cells expanded against EBV antigens have been tested, but the very frequent expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) and immunosuppressive cytokines by NK/T lymphoma cells could inhibit T-cel ...
Deep Insight Section Macrophages in human cancer: Current and future aspects
... and TNF-α in the tumor milieu induce expression of PD-L1 (also termed B7-H1) on the membrane of tumor-associated macrophages. Although naïve T cells can be stimulated via PD-L1, its most prominent role is the inhibition of activated effector T cells through the PD-1 receptor (Kuang et al., 2009). Al ...
... and TNF-α in the tumor milieu induce expression of PD-L1 (also termed B7-H1) on the membrane of tumor-associated macrophages. Although naïve T cells can be stimulated via PD-L1, its most prominent role is the inhibition of activated effector T cells through the PD-1 receptor (Kuang et al., 2009). Al ...
Pathophysiological implications between chronic inflammation and
... role of macrophages, especially those of adipose tissue adjacent to adipocytes. According to results from current studies, these macrophages allow deletion of IKκβ in myeloid cells, which increases sensitivity to insulin. Macrophages are attracted by MCP-1 and its chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2),28 whic ...
... role of macrophages, especially those of adipose tissue adjacent to adipocytes. According to results from current studies, these macrophages allow deletion of IKκβ in myeloid cells, which increases sensitivity to insulin. Macrophages are attracted by MCP-1 and its chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2),28 whic ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.