Recent progress in vaccines
... include the lack of good quality vaccine formulations and the absence of mass market appeal, with the latter being complicated by the high cost of clinical investigations. However, this situation is rapidly changing by increasing medical need and the attention of both investigators and industry repr ...
... include the lack of good quality vaccine formulations and the absence of mass market appeal, with the latter being complicated by the high cost of clinical investigations. However, this situation is rapidly changing by increasing medical need and the attention of both investigators and industry repr ...
Syddansk Universitet Immunogenicity and Immune
... The trophoblasts are the cells that form the outer layer of the blastocyst, that develop into a large part of the placenta, and have a crucial role in the implantation of the developing embryo by interactions with the decidua, the lining of the maternal uterus containing endometrial stromal cells. T ...
... The trophoblasts are the cells that form the outer layer of the blastocyst, that develop into a large part of the placenta, and have a crucial role in the implantation of the developing embryo by interactions with the decidua, the lining of the maternal uterus containing endometrial stromal cells. T ...
Shizuru et al. Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells: Clinical and
... The two major types of clinical HCT procedures, autologous and allogeneic, are defined by the donor graft source. Most patients that undergo HCT have a malignancy that either has proven resistant to standard chemotherapy or is considered to be high risk for relapse even though complete remission (CR ...
... The two major types of clinical HCT procedures, autologous and allogeneic, are defined by the donor graft source. Most patients that undergo HCT have a malignancy that either has proven resistant to standard chemotherapy or is considered to be high risk for relapse even though complete remission (CR ...
thesis - KI Open Archive
... NK-DC interaction was investigated in this thesis. Stimulated DC´s ability to activate NK cells. DC are no longer considered to be a homogenous cell type, instead several subtypes have been described both in mice and humans. Bone-marrow derived DC grown in GM-CSF have been mostly used in reported st ...
... NK-DC interaction was investigated in this thesis. Stimulated DC´s ability to activate NK cells. DC are no longer considered to be a homogenous cell type, instead several subtypes have been described both in mice and humans. Bone-marrow derived DC grown in GM-CSF have been mostly used in reported st ...
Long Term Immunological Memory to Vaccinia Virus
... The novel results of this study have increased our understanding of long term T- and B-cell memory to VV and how it relates to the primary reaction to vaccination with the Vaccinia virus. They have also provided the unique opportunity to overlay the immunological results for the two groups of extrem ...
... The novel results of this study have increased our understanding of long term T- and B-cell memory to VV and how it relates to the primary reaction to vaccination with the Vaccinia virus. They have also provided the unique opportunity to overlay the immunological results for the two groups of extrem ...
iiiiiiiiii - Cancer Research
... (1) The question under investigation when the observation (Table IV) which proved to be the source of this paper was made, was whether the sera of rats immunised against normal or malignant homologous cells were isohaemolytic. Table II shows the results in one of many experiments which invariably ag ...
... (1) The question under investigation when the observation (Table IV) which proved to be the source of this paper was made, was whether the sera of rats immunised against normal or malignant homologous cells were isohaemolytic. Table II shows the results in one of many experiments which invariably ag ...
Full-Text PDF
... cytokines or chemokines in the skin tissue [39]. A recent study demonstrated that ionized gold is recognized by TLR3. Epithelial TLR3 plays a crucial role in the localized irritation reactivity to gold in the skin and mucosa. Therefore, in addition to gold, nickel, copper and mercury salts may activ ...
... cytokines or chemokines in the skin tissue [39]. A recent study demonstrated that ionized gold is recognized by TLR3. Epithelial TLR3 plays a crucial role in the localized irritation reactivity to gold in the skin and mucosa. Therefore, in addition to gold, nickel, copper and mercury salts may activ ...
Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells under the stimulation of
... Infective factors cause the perpetuation of inflammation as a result of the permanent exposure of the immune system to exogenous or endogenous products of virus or bacteria. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be exposed to this infective environment, which may change the characteristics and therapeut ...
... Infective factors cause the perpetuation of inflammation as a result of the permanent exposure of the immune system to exogenous or endogenous products of virus or bacteria. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be exposed to this infective environment, which may change the characteristics and therapeut ...
B cell fate following immunization: from memory B cells to plasma cells
... Most approved successful human vaccines induce neutralizing antibody titers maintained above a given threshold for long-term protection against potential pathogen exposure. The pathogens targeted by these vaccines are antigenically stable and the relevant epitopes are immunogenic. In contrast, HIV-1 ...
... Most approved successful human vaccines induce neutralizing antibody titers maintained above a given threshold for long-term protection against potential pathogen exposure. The pathogens targeted by these vaccines are antigenically stable and the relevant epitopes are immunogenic. In contrast, HIV-1 ...
Characterization of the T-Cell Response to
... identical twins (5) indicate that autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes have a strong environmental component to their pathogenesis. There is a considerable body of evidence suggesting the involvement of several groups of viruses, but particularly those of the Enterovirus genus, in the develop ...
... identical twins (5) indicate that autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes have a strong environmental component to their pathogenesis. There is a considerable body of evidence suggesting the involvement of several groups of viruses, but particularly those of the Enterovirus genus, in the develop ...
Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells Induce a MyD88
... tolerance (5). Although innate immunity is generally beneficial to the host, an overexuberant or persistent response can result in tissue injury (6). To minimize this possibility, the immune system is equipped with negative regulatory mechanisms that suppress inflammation and downregulate adaptive imm ...
... tolerance (5). Although innate immunity is generally beneficial to the host, an overexuberant or persistent response can result in tissue injury (6). To minimize this possibility, the immune system is equipped with negative regulatory mechanisms that suppress inflammation and downregulate adaptive imm ...
NIH Public Access - Transcell Biologics
... have reported that MSC can upregulate expression of MHC II when exposed to low levels of inflammation and function as antigen-presenting cells stimulating the adaptive immune system [9,10]. Recent evidence has also shown that MSC can secrete IL-6 and induce production of IgG by B lymphocytes in an i ...
... have reported that MSC can upregulate expression of MHC II when exposed to low levels of inflammation and function as antigen-presenting cells stimulating the adaptive immune system [9,10]. Recent evidence has also shown that MSC can secrete IL-6 and induce production of IgG by B lymphocytes in an i ...
Novel vaccines from biotechnology
... immunogen so as to present it effectively to the mucosal surface of the small intestine (102). Veterinary development projects include the expression of glycoprotein S of transmissible gastroenteritis virus in plants such as the arabidopsis leaf (32), the potato tuber (33), and maize seed (54); as w ...
... immunogen so as to present it effectively to the mucosal surface of the small intestine (102). Veterinary development projects include the expression of glycoprotein S of transmissible gastroenteritis virus in plants such as the arabidopsis leaf (32), the potato tuber (33), and maize seed (54); as w ...
State-of-the-art review about basophil research in immunology and
... insights are required to elucidate this issue, although data were reported suggesting that dendritic cells may not be essential for the development of Th2 responses and that basophils should play a leading role47. A synoptic model about the possible involvement of basophils and dendritic cells in Th ...
... insights are required to elucidate this issue, although data were reported suggesting that dendritic cells may not be essential for the development of Th2 responses and that basophils should play a leading role47. A synoptic model about the possible involvement of basophils and dendritic cells in Th ...
Paracrine-Induced Response State Antiviral
... (8) and/or MDA5 (9, 10). Virus recognition activates a signaling cascade involving different cellular factors (IFN regulatory factor 3, NFB, c-jun), causing the expression of type I IFNs and other inflammatory response genes including TNF-␣ and IL-6. The first type I IFN to be produced and secreted ...
... (8) and/or MDA5 (9, 10). Virus recognition activates a signaling cascade involving different cellular factors (IFN regulatory factor 3, NFB, c-jun), causing the expression of type I IFNs and other inflammatory response genes including TNF-␣ and IL-6. The first type I IFN to be produced and secreted ...
mRNA Expression and BRAF Mutation in
... Direct RT-PCR analysis of blood permits detection of transcriptome of CTCs. To date, characterization of CTCs for abnormalities in genotypic and mRNA expression has not been well studied in melanoma patients. This situation is due in part to the difficulty of isolating CTCs with monoclonal antibodie ...
... Direct RT-PCR analysis of blood permits detection of transcriptome of CTCs. To date, characterization of CTCs for abnormalities in genotypic and mRNA expression has not been well studied in melanoma patients. This situation is due in part to the difficulty of isolating CTCs with monoclonal antibodie ...
antibody structure and function
... than does papain. IgG treated with pepsin yielded one large fragment with a molecular weight (100 kD) double that of one Fab fragment, and many small fragments. Nisonoff called the large fragment F(ab9)2. This fragment also could bind antigen, but unlike the Fab fragment, it led to a visible serolog ...
... than does papain. IgG treated with pepsin yielded one large fragment with a molecular weight (100 kD) double that of one Fab fragment, and many small fragments. Nisonoff called the large fragment F(ab9)2. This fragment also could bind antigen, but unlike the Fab fragment, it led to a visible serolog ...
MHC
... autoantigens and allogenic MHC molecules 3) MHC molecules participate in selection and differentiation of T cells in the thymus. ...
... autoantigens and allogenic MHC molecules 3) MHC molecules participate in selection and differentiation of T cells in the thymus. ...
Gold, M.C., M.W. Munks, M. Wagner, C.W. McMahon, A. Kelly, D.G. Kavanagh, M.K. Slifka, U.H. Koszinowski, D.H. Raulet, and A.B. Hill. 2004. Murine cytomegalovirus interference with antigen presentation has little effect on the size or the effector memory phenotype of the CD8 T cell response. J Immunol 172:6944-6953.
... (18). m4/gp34 is primarily endoplasmic reticulum resident and associates with class I there; a small amount of m4/gp34 complexed with class I travels to the cell surface where they remain stably associated (19). Each of these three VIPRs has been shown to inhibit the ability of MCMV-specific CD8 CTL ...
... (18). m4/gp34 is primarily endoplasmic reticulum resident and associates with class I there; a small amount of m4/gp34 complexed with class I travels to the cell surface where they remain stably associated (19). Each of these three VIPRs has been shown to inhibit the ability of MCMV-specific CD8 CTL ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.