Annual Report 2011 - Davos - Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma
... Liganden über den Histamin-2-Rezeptor. Bei Histamin2-Rezeptor-Knockout-Mäusen konnten wir einen erhöhten Schweregrad von Atemwegsallergien und eine verstärkte Entzündungsaktivität als Folge von veränderter Aktivitäten verschiedener Zelltypen beobachten, zu ...
... Liganden über den Histamin-2-Rezeptor. Bei Histamin2-Rezeptor-Knockout-Mäusen konnten wir einen erhöhten Schweregrad von Atemwegsallergien und eine verstärkte Entzündungsaktivität als Folge von veränderter Aktivitäten verschiedener Zelltypen beobachten, zu ...
The Adaptive Immune System
... agents, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. All multicellular organisms need to defend themselves against infection by such potentially harmful invaders, collectively called pathogens. Invertebrates use relatively simple defense strategies that rely chiefly on protective barriers, tox ...
... agents, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. All multicellular organisms need to defend themselves against infection by such potentially harmful invaders, collectively called pathogens. Invertebrates use relatively simple defense strategies that rely chiefly on protective barriers, tox ...
O A Immunophenotyping of Lymphocyte Subpopulations and pre-inflammatory mediators in neonatal sepsis
... in both innate and adaptive immune responses, inducing production of TNF-α and IL-12 from mononuclear phagocytes and then augmenting their bacteriostatic action [26]. The role of IFN-γ as an early marker of neonatal infection is yet to be studied. Studies in adults have shown either decreased or inc ...
... in both innate and adaptive immune responses, inducing production of TNF-α and IL-12 from mononuclear phagocytes and then augmenting their bacteriostatic action [26]. The role of IFN-γ as an early marker of neonatal infection is yet to be studied. Studies in adults have shown either decreased or inc ...
Document
... clinically meaningful BILAG improvements in moderate-to-severe SLE in all affected body systems. Efficacy was particularly prominent in cardiorespiratory and neuropsychiatric systems - Phase III Laquinimod: Unknown immunomodulation - Recruitment for Phase IIa ...
... clinically meaningful BILAG improvements in moderate-to-severe SLE in all affected body systems. Efficacy was particularly prominent in cardiorespiratory and neuropsychiatric systems - Phase III Laquinimod: Unknown immunomodulation - Recruitment for Phase IIa ...
Resolvin E1 inhibits dendritic cell migration in the skin and
... signaling in neutrophils (Haas-Stapleton et al., 2007). In contrast, few studies have been conducted on the effect of RvE1 on acquired immune responses, in which DCs and T cells play major roles in the development. In these studies, the attenuated cytokine production, such as IL-12 and IL-23, from D ...
... signaling in neutrophils (Haas-Stapleton et al., 2007). In contrast, few studies have been conducted on the effect of RvE1 on acquired immune responses, in which DCs and T cells play major roles in the development. In these studies, the attenuated cytokine production, such as IL-12 and IL-23, from D ...
doctor degree
... Systemic inflammation response prevents inflammation in other tissues by neutralizing the inflammation-inducing molecules such as cytokines, proteases and oxidants by reducing proinflamator response of circulating leukocytes. Although local response of damaged tissue is predominantly proinflamator, ...
... Systemic inflammation response prevents inflammation in other tissues by neutralizing the inflammation-inducing molecules such as cytokines, proteases and oxidants by reducing proinflamator response of circulating leukocytes. Although local response of damaged tissue is predominantly proinflamator, ...
PD-1 Blockade in Chronically HIV-1
... (LCMV) infection in mice in which virus-specific CD8+ T cells persisted indefinitely but had reduced capacity to kill infected cells or secrete antiviral cytokines [12]. Primate and human studies have demonstrated the presence of dysfunctional CD8+ T cells during chronic infections with SIV in prima ...
... (LCMV) infection in mice in which virus-specific CD8+ T cells persisted indefinitely but had reduced capacity to kill infected cells or secrete antiviral cytokines [12]. Primate and human studies have demonstrated the presence of dysfunctional CD8+ T cells during chronic infections with SIV in prima ...
Stable individual differences in physiological response
... cardiovascular and immune response. These studies demonstrate that laboratory stressor induced changes in mitogen stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer cell activity, and numbers of circulating lymphocytes do not occur with inhibition of adrenergic stimulation of lymphocytes (Bachen et ...
... cardiovascular and immune response. These studies demonstrate that laboratory stressor induced changes in mitogen stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer cell activity, and numbers of circulating lymphocytes do not occur with inhibition of adrenergic stimulation of lymphocytes (Bachen et ...
The evolution of costly acquired immune memory
... complex set of genetic and molecular processes (Bonilla and Oettgen 2010). T and B lymphocytes, the main effector cells of the adaptive immune system, are activated to fight infection and produce long-lasting memory cells that are able to recognize specific antigenic configurations of previous patho ...
... complex set of genetic and molecular processes (Bonilla and Oettgen 2010). T and B lymphocytes, the main effector cells of the adaptive immune system, are activated to fight infection and produce long-lasting memory cells that are able to recognize specific antigenic configurations of previous patho ...
ABSTRACT - Johns Hopkins University
... model of graft versus host disease. ................................................................................... 54 Figure 11. Pretreatment of mouse tumors with methyl ester sialidase inhibitor does not increase surface galectin-3. ............................................................. ...
... model of graft versus host disease. ................................................................................... 54 Figure 11. Pretreatment of mouse tumors with methyl ester sialidase inhibitor does not increase surface galectin-3. ............................................................. ...
Th2 Cytokines Down-Regulate TLR Expression and Function
... Tobias Mueller, Tomohiro Terada, Ian M. Rosenberg, Oren Shibolet, and Daniel K. Podolsky2 ...
... Tobias Mueller, Tomohiro Terada, Ian M. Rosenberg, Oren Shibolet, and Daniel K. Podolsky2 ...
STUDIES ON THE IMMOBILIZATION ANTIGENS OF PARAMECIUM
... within the agar, bands of precipitation are formed. The position of a given band is dependent upon the relative diffusion coefficients and relative concentrations of antigen and antibody. Since these are rarely the same for independent antigenantibody systems, each antigen usually forms a separate b ...
... within the agar, bands of precipitation are formed. The position of a given band is dependent upon the relative diffusion coefficients and relative concentrations of antigen and antibody. Since these are rarely the same for independent antigenantibody systems, each antigen usually forms a separate b ...
Dangerous exercise: lessons learned from dysregulated
... circulating levels of proinflammatory mediators, but simultaneously, “. . . cytokine inhibitors and anti-inflammatory cytokines restrict the magnitude and duration of the inflammatory response to exercise.” Moreover, the idea that initial stimulus of the inflammatory system “awakens” both pro- and a ...
... circulating levels of proinflammatory mediators, but simultaneously, “. . . cytokine inhibitors and anti-inflammatory cytokines restrict the magnitude and duration of the inflammatory response to exercise.” Moreover, the idea that initial stimulus of the inflammatory system “awakens” both pro- and a ...
Defense Mechanisms against Influenza Virus Infection in the
... SUMMARY: The respiratory tract mucosa is not only the site of infection for influenza viruses but also the site of defense against virus infection. Viruses are initially detected and destroyed non-specifically by innate immune mechanisms, but if the viruses escape the early defense mechanisms, they ...
... SUMMARY: The respiratory tract mucosa is not only the site of infection for influenza viruses but also the site of defense against virus infection. Viruses are initially detected and destroyed non-specifically by innate immune mechanisms, but if the viruses escape the early defense mechanisms, they ...
CD8 -Mediated Survival and Differentiation of CD8 Memory T Cell
... Include this information when citing this paper. ...
... Include this information when citing this paper. ...
Deciphering the STING Paradox
... direct administration of cGAMP. With several close structural examinations, another key discovery was made. Metazoan cGAMP is structurally distinct to the bacterial cGAMP5,6. Metazoan cGAMP contains [G(2′,5′)pA(3′,5′)p] phosphodiester linkages, whereas bacterial cGAMP contains [G(3′,5′)pA(3′,5′)p] l ...
... direct administration of cGAMP. With several close structural examinations, another key discovery was made. Metazoan cGAMP is structurally distinct to the bacterial cGAMP5,6. Metazoan cGAMP contains [G(2′,5′)pA(3′,5′)p] phosphodiester linkages, whereas bacterial cGAMP contains [G(3′,5′)pA(3′,5′)p] l ...
The Immune Response to Helicobacter pylori
... pylori is the most important cause of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Although the prevalence of H. pylori is declining in developed countries, the current understanding is that vaccination of infants to prevent H. pylori infection would be cost effective. However, one can hardly escape the ...
... pylori is the most important cause of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Although the prevalence of H. pylori is declining in developed countries, the current understanding is that vaccination of infants to prevent H. pylori infection would be cost effective. However, one can hardly escape the ...
Role of C-C chemokine receptor type 7 and its ligands during
... direct or indirect role for CCR7 interactions in the recruitment of cells from the bone marrow. Circulation of T cells between peripheral tissues and lymphoid organs is essential for immune surveillance and host defense of non-lymphoid sites. Upon stimulation by their cognate antigen, naive T cells ...
... direct or indirect role for CCR7 interactions in the recruitment of cells from the bone marrow. Circulation of T cells between peripheral tissues and lymphoid organs is essential for immune surveillance and host defense of non-lymphoid sites. Upon stimulation by their cognate antigen, naive T cells ...
Mdm2 Promotes Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and
... Although RNA and DNA seem to have identical immunostimulatory effects on systemic and intrarenal inflammation, some observations suggest that RNA and DNA immune recognition differ in terms of their mitogenic effects. For example, RNA immune recognition drives mesangial cell apoptosis, whereas cytoso ...
... Although RNA and DNA seem to have identical immunostimulatory effects on systemic and intrarenal inflammation, some observations suggest that RNA and DNA immune recognition differ in terms of their mitogenic effects. For example, RNA immune recognition drives mesangial cell apoptosis, whereas cytoso ...
Pathogens, Infection, and Innate Immunity
... associated chemical defenses, such as acid in the stomach, prevent most microorganisms (microbes) from coming into contact with sterile tissues in our body. Second, individual human cells possess some intrinsic defensive capabilities; for example, cells aggressively degrade double-stranded RNA molec ...
... associated chemical defenses, such as acid in the stomach, prevent most microorganisms (microbes) from coming into contact with sterile tissues in our body. Second, individual human cells possess some intrinsic defensive capabilities; for example, cells aggressively degrade double-stranded RNA molec ...
Do bacteria have a role in asthma development? EDITORIAL
... Do bacteria have a role in asthma development? J. Armann and E. von Mutius ...
... Do bacteria have a role in asthma development? J. Armann and E. von Mutius ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.