In vitro and in vivo model of a novel immunotherapy
... The targets tested included Jeko-1, BJAB, and LCL cells labeled with 25Ci of 51Cr (Perkin-Elmer) for 45 minutes, as well as primary CLL cells and normal B lymphocytes, each labeled with 50 Ci of 51Cr for 1 hour. Target cells (5 ⫻ 103) were then cocultured in triplicate with T cells at effector:tar ...
... The targets tested included Jeko-1, BJAB, and LCL cells labeled with 25Ci of 51Cr (Perkin-Elmer) for 45 minutes, as well as primary CLL cells and normal B lymphocytes, each labeled with 50 Ci of 51Cr for 1 hour. Target cells (5 ⫻ 103) were then cocultured in triplicate with T cells at effector:tar ...
Delivery strategies to enhance oral vaccination against
... highly trained medical personnel to administer vaccines, this also avoids the risks of disease transmission through contaminated equipment [20,21]. If the oral route is to be an applicable solution for largescale vaccination with nonliving vaccines in resource-poor settings then addressing the chall ...
... highly trained medical personnel to administer vaccines, this also avoids the risks of disease transmission through contaminated equipment [20,21]. If the oral route is to be an applicable solution for largescale vaccination with nonliving vaccines in resource-poor settings then addressing the chall ...
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
... lysozymes and other secreted substances; cell-mediated responses involve a wide number of cell types, including phagocytes (neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and dendritic cells), natural killer cells (NK cells), basophils, mast cells and eosinophils. In the adaptive or specific immune system, hum ...
... lysozymes and other secreted substances; cell-mediated responses involve a wide number of cell types, including phagocytes (neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and dendritic cells), natural killer cells (NK cells), basophils, mast cells and eosinophils. In the adaptive or specific immune system, hum ...
Negative Regulation of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling by
... was unable to bind to DNA (Fig. 3C) but retained the ability to interact with p65 and Bcl-3 (fig. S5). Ubiquitination of p50Y57A,G60D was dramatically reduced compared with that of WT p50 (Fig. 3D). This was associated with a significant increase in p50Y57A,G60D half-life (Fig. 3E). Taken together, ...
... was unable to bind to DNA (Fig. 3C) but retained the ability to interact with p65 and Bcl-3 (fig. S5). Ubiquitination of p50Y57A,G60D was dramatically reduced compared with that of WT p50 (Fig. 3D). This was associated with a significant increase in p50Y57A,G60D half-life (Fig. 3E). Taken together, ...
Novel technologies and emerging biomarkers for personalized
... translational research. Interestingly, starting in the 1900s and every 50 years thereafter, three main theories had been proposed to refine our understanding of the impact ...
... translational research. Interestingly, starting in the 1900s and every 50 years thereafter, three main theories had been proposed to refine our understanding of the impact ...
Garcia 1..9
... arm, although the difference was not statistically significant when compared to the placebo arm (852 versus 328 SFCs/106 PBMCs for Gag p24, P = 0.705; 426 versus 60 SFCs/106 PBMCs for Gag small proteins, P = 0.909; and 415 versus 73 SFCs/106 PBMCs for Env gp4, P = 0.167, respectively). A complete im ...
... arm, although the difference was not statistically significant when compared to the placebo arm (852 versus 328 SFCs/106 PBMCs for Gag p24, P = 0.705; 426 versus 60 SFCs/106 PBMCs for Gag small proteins, P = 0.909; and 415 versus 73 SFCs/106 PBMCs for Env gp4, P = 0.167, respectively). A complete im ...
Specific Control of Immunity by Regulatory CD8 T Cells
... (regulatory T cells or Treg) (4-10). Since the identification of CD25 as a marker for a naturally occurring CD4+ suppressor T cell, there has been a renewal of interest in the area of active T cell-mediated suppression (11, 12). The suppression of immunity by the naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regula ...
... (regulatory T cells or Treg) (4-10). Since the identification of CD25 as a marker for a naturally occurring CD4+ suppressor T cell, there has been a renewal of interest in the area of active T cell-mediated suppression (11, 12). The suppression of immunity by the naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regula ...
Immunomodulating polysaccharides from the lichen Thamnolia
... to be active in an in vitro classical anti-complementary assay and thamnolan has induced phagocytosis in vitro (Olafsdottir et al. 2003, 1999a). Galactofuranose-containing molecules are absent in green plants, but are widespread components of cell wall glycoconjugates of bacteria, protozoa, and fung ...
... to be active in an in vitro classical anti-complementary assay and thamnolan has induced phagocytosis in vitro (Olafsdottir et al. 2003, 1999a). Galactofuranose-containing molecules are absent in green plants, but are widespread components of cell wall glycoconjugates of bacteria, protozoa, and fung ...
Mitochondria: an Unexpected Force in Innate Immunity
... receptors that are widely expressed on both immune and non-immune cells (5). TLRs such as TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR6 are predominately expressed at the cell membrane, matching their ability to recognise constituents of bacterial membranes. In contrast, TLR3, TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 are found in int ...
... receptors that are widely expressed on both immune and non-immune cells (5). TLRs such as TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR6 are predominately expressed at the cell membrane, matching their ability to recognise constituents of bacterial membranes. In contrast, TLR3, TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 are found in int ...
Bacterial short chain fatty acid metabolites modulate the
... M. A. R. Vinolo, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, ...
... M. A. R. Vinolo, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, ...
The Very Young Patient - Advances in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
... Severe “CD” or “UC” phenotype May be initially diagnosed as milk-protein allergy Refractory to medications CVID: lymphopenia with hypogammaglobulinemia Primary phagocyte defect: CGD or GSD1b Combined microbial response and regulatory T cell defects: XIAP mutations Effector & regulatory lymphocyte de ...
... Severe “CD” or “UC” phenotype May be initially diagnosed as milk-protein allergy Refractory to medications CVID: lymphopenia with hypogammaglobulinemia Primary phagocyte defect: CGD or GSD1b Combined microbial response and regulatory T cell defects: XIAP mutations Effector & regulatory lymphocyte de ...
Passive or Active Immunization with Myelin Basic Protein Promotes
... section and in all sections from each brain. Thus, the number of labeled cells recorded for each brain is the sum of all the cells counted in each section. The number of labeled neurons in each rat is given by the average number of cells counted in its two red nuclei. In the statistical analysis, we ...
... section and in all sections from each brain. Thus, the number of labeled cells recorded for each brain is the sum of all the cells counted in each section. The number of labeled neurons in each rat is given by the average number of cells counted in its two red nuclei. In the statistical analysis, we ...
Interaction of human mesenchymal stem cells with cells involved in
... derived human MSC can improve hematopoietic recovery in the setting of both autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation.2,6-8 MSC do not only have a favorable effect on engraftment of hematopoietic progenitors, but also display an important immunoregulatory activity. In f ...
... derived human MSC can improve hematopoietic recovery in the setting of both autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation.2,6-8 MSC do not only have a favorable effect on engraftment of hematopoietic progenitors, but also display an important immunoregulatory activity. In f ...
Candida
... ages. Clinical observations revealed that a robust vaginal polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) migration occurs in susceptible women, promoting pathological inflammation without affecting fungal burden. Evidence to date in the mouse model suggests that a similar acute PMN migration into the vagina is ...
... ages. Clinical observations revealed that a robust vaginal polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) migration occurs in susceptible women, promoting pathological inflammation without affecting fungal burden. Evidence to date in the mouse model suggests that a similar acute PMN migration into the vagina is ...
Basophils contribute to TH2-IgE responses in vivo via IL
... undergo differentiation in situ1,7. Thus, normally, mature mast cells are not found in the circulation. In contrast, basophils are rare circulating granulocytes that originate from progenitors in the bone marrow. Basophils constitute less than 1% of blood leukocytes and are normally not present in t ...
... undergo differentiation in situ1,7. Thus, normally, mature mast cells are not found in the circulation. In contrast, basophils are rare circulating granulocytes that originate from progenitors in the bone marrow. Basophils constitute less than 1% of blood leukocytes and are normally not present in t ...
Persistent accumulation of interferon-gamma- producing CD8(+)CD56(+) T cells in blood from
... A subpopulation of circulating T cells, the majority being CD8+ T cells, expresses the natural killer cell marker CD56. In infants, the numbers of circulating CD8+CD56+ T cells are extremely low, but then increase with age10. The induction of CD56 has been shown to correlate with the loss of CD28, a ...
... A subpopulation of circulating T cells, the majority being CD8+ T cells, expresses the natural killer cell marker CD56. In infants, the numbers of circulating CD8+CD56+ T cells are extremely low, but then increase with age10. The induction of CD56 has been shown to correlate with the loss of CD28, a ...
PDF - WellSpringofHealth.com
... of exposure being in the jejunum. Other studies suggested that blood group H (type O) was found in greater amount in sloughing intestinal cells as opposed to group A and B glycolipids, suggesting a greater turn-over of group O cells (27). Interestingly, despite the blunting and flattening of intesti ...
... of exposure being in the jejunum. Other studies suggested that blood group H (type O) was found in greater amount in sloughing intestinal cells as opposed to group A and B glycolipids, suggesting a greater turn-over of group O cells (27). Interestingly, despite the blunting and flattening of intesti ...
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and the Control of Herpesvirus Infections
... immunoregulatory functions [16]. For instance, IFN-I do not only play a crucial role in the control of the replication of many viruses, but they can also promote NK cell or CD8 T cell antiviral cytotoxic activity, either directly [17-20] or through the licensing of accessory cells such as convention ...
... immunoregulatory functions [16]. For instance, IFN-I do not only play a crucial role in the control of the replication of many viruses, but they can also promote NK cell or CD8 T cell antiviral cytotoxic activity, either directly [17-20] or through the licensing of accessory cells such as convention ...
Type I interferons produced by hematopoietic cells protect
... NK cells play an essential role in the early response to many, but not all viral infections (25). These cells are particularly important components of host defense against members of the herpesvirus family, several of which have developed strategies to attenuate NK cell killing (26). Given this cent ...
... NK cells play an essential role in the early response to many, but not all viral infections (25). These cells are particularly important components of host defense against members of the herpesvirus family, several of which have developed strategies to attenuate NK cell killing (26). Given this cent ...
... factor (LF). PA is an 83-kDa protein (PA83) that undergoes furin-mediated digestion into two fragments, PA63 and PA20. PA63 subsequently forms a heptamer, which binds LF. The resulting complex is taken up by the cell, where it exerts its toxic effects. Both adaptive and innate elements of the immune ...
Exploiting Amoeboid and Non-Vertebrate Animal Model Systems to Study the
... originally evolved during the interaction of fungi with environmental predators [15], including insects such as D. melanogaster, that primarily consume plant saprophytic or pathogenic fungi. Similarly, many bacterial virulence factors, especially in opportunistic environmental pathogens such as Pseu ...
... originally evolved during the interaction of fungi with environmental predators [15], including insects such as D. melanogaster, that primarily consume plant saprophytic or pathogenic fungi. Similarly, many bacterial virulence factors, especially in opportunistic environmental pathogens such as Pseu ...
Identification of Gelsolin, a Ca`-dependent Regulatory Protein of
... Antiserum prepared against gelsolin, a major Ca'-dependent regulatory protein of actin gel-sol transformation in rabbit lung macrophages, was used to detect the presence of proteins immunologically related to gelsolin in a variety of cells and tissues. Cell extracts were electrophoresed on polyacryl ...
... Antiserum prepared against gelsolin, a major Ca'-dependent regulatory protein of actin gel-sol transformation in rabbit lung macrophages, was used to detect the presence of proteins immunologically related to gelsolin in a variety of cells and tissues. Cell extracts were electrophoresed on polyacryl ...
Annual Report 2011 - Davos - Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma
... Liganden über den Histamin-2-Rezeptor. Bei Histamin2-Rezeptor-Knockout-Mäusen konnten wir einen erhöhten Schweregrad von Atemwegsallergien und eine verstärkte Entzündungsaktivität als Folge von veränderter Aktivitäten verschiedener Zelltypen beobachten, zu ...
... Liganden über den Histamin-2-Rezeptor. Bei Histamin2-Rezeptor-Knockout-Mäusen konnten wir einen erhöhten Schweregrad von Atemwegsallergien und eine verstärkte Entzündungsaktivität als Folge von veränderter Aktivitäten verschiedener Zelltypen beobachten, zu ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.