Full Text
... Various proteins and peptides have been approved or are being evaluated in clinical trials for treatment of cancer. Due to limited oral bioavailability of such antigens, injectable routes of administration are currently being used. Scientists have been exploring the potential of delivering vaccine a ...
... Various proteins and peptides have been approved or are being evaluated in clinical trials for treatment of cancer. Due to limited oral bioavailability of such antigens, injectable routes of administration are currently being used. Scientists have been exploring the potential of delivering vaccine a ...
Control of Cryptosporidiosis by Probiotic Bacteria
... of the intestinal mucosa surface has been shown to play an important role in initiation of the mucosal immune response (5,6). Epithelial cells, once infected, have increased expression of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines and demonstrate antimicrobial killing mechanisms, including production of ...
... of the intestinal mucosa surface has been shown to play an important role in initiation of the mucosal immune response (5,6). Epithelial cells, once infected, have increased expression of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines and demonstrate antimicrobial killing mechanisms, including production of ...
FVIII Immunity: Early Events and Tolerance Mechanisms to FVIII
... Figure 1. 2 FVIII gene and protein………………………………………………6 Figure 1.3 Activation of B cells and antibody production……………………..13 Figure 1.4 Importance of the co-stimulatory molecules……………………….17 Figure 1. 5 The different subsets of T regulatory cells (Treg)…......................20 Figure 1.6 T helper 1 a ...
... Figure 1. 2 FVIII gene and protein………………………………………………6 Figure 1.3 Activation of B cells and antibody production……………………..13 Figure 1.4 Importance of the co-stimulatory molecules……………………….17 Figure 1. 5 The different subsets of T regulatory cells (Treg)…......................20 Figure 1.6 T helper 1 a ...
Arthritis an autoimmune disorder: Demonstration of In
... For evaluation of anti arthritic drugs inflammation and T-cell and B-cell mediated response by including collagen type-II (bovine collagen). This foreign collagen produces auto immune response. Type II collagen as an auto antigen in human RA and collagen-induced arthrit is (CIA), Most autoimmune dis ...
... For evaluation of anti arthritic drugs inflammation and T-cell and B-cell mediated response by including collagen type-II (bovine collagen). This foreign collagen produces auto immune response. Type II collagen as an auto antigen in human RA and collagen-induced arthrit is (CIA), Most autoimmune dis ...
Publications de l`équipe - Centre de recherche de l`Institut Curie
... Exosomes are vesicles of endocytic origin secreted spontaneously by dendritic cells (DCs). We have shown previously that exosomes can transfer antigen or MHC-peptide complexes between DCs, thus potentially amplifying the immune response. We had also identified milk fat globule EGF/factor VIII (MFG-E8 ...
... Exosomes are vesicles of endocytic origin secreted spontaneously by dendritic cells (DCs). We have shown previously that exosomes can transfer antigen or MHC-peptide complexes between DCs, thus potentially amplifying the immune response. We had also identified milk fat globule EGF/factor VIII (MFG-E8 ...
the complement system
... The complement system is a part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism. It is part of the innate immune system which is not adaptable and does not change over the course of an individual's lifetime. However, it can be rec ...
... The complement system is a part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism. It is part of the innate immune system which is not adaptable and does not change over the course of an individual's lifetime. However, it can be rec ...
Licentiate-thesis from the Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
... clonal deletion and clonal anergy of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells4. This appears to happen after high-dose feeding. Many intestinal CD4+ T cells have been postulated to be regulatory T cells and thus important for maintaining local tolerance towards environmental antigens10. When IL-10 and TGFβ wer ...
... clonal deletion and clonal anergy of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells4. This appears to happen after high-dose feeding. Many intestinal CD4+ T cells have been postulated to be regulatory T cells and thus important for maintaining local tolerance towards environmental antigens10. When IL-10 and TGFβ wer ...
and anti-inflammatory phenomena in the physiopathology of type 2
... M2 macrophages are immunosuppressive cells with a high phagocytic capacity, capable to perform antigen presentation and having the ability to secrete extracellular matrix compounds, angiogenic and chemotactic factors, and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, they contribute to the resolution of i ...
... M2 macrophages are immunosuppressive cells with a high phagocytic capacity, capable to perform antigen presentation and having the ability to secrete extracellular matrix compounds, angiogenic and chemotactic factors, and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, they contribute to the resolution of i ...
Immune Senescence A Role for Immature Myeloid Cells in
... The reduced efficiency of the mammalian immune system with aging increases host susceptibility to infectious and autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms responsible for these pathologic changes are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the bone marrow, blood, and secondary lym ...
... The reduced efficiency of the mammalian immune system with aging increases host susceptibility to infectious and autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms responsible for these pathologic changes are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the bone marrow, blood, and secondary lym ...
Human T cell leukemia virus type I-induced disease: pathways
... neurologic disease characterized by demyelinating lesions in both the brain and the spinal cord. Approximately 5–10% of HTLV-I-infected individuals develop either ATL or HAM/TSP. Interestingly, the two diseases have vastly different pathologies and have rarely been found to occur within the same ind ...
... neurologic disease characterized by demyelinating lesions in both the brain and the spinal cord. Approximately 5–10% of HTLV-I-infected individuals develop either ATL or HAM/TSP. Interestingly, the two diseases have vastly different pathologies and have rarely been found to occur within the same ind ...
T Lymphocyte Responses + Despite Augmenting Antigen
... pathogen-associated molecular patterns (3– 6). Mature DCs upregulate MHC and costimulatory molecules and migrate from tissues to regional lymph nodes, where they efficiently present captured Ags to naive T cells. However, DCs represent a small population of cells in vivo (7), and thus may be a limit ...
... pathogen-associated molecular patterns (3– 6). Mature DCs upregulate MHC and costimulatory molecules and migrate from tissues to regional lymph nodes, where they efficiently present captured Ags to naive T cells. However, DCs represent a small population of cells in vivo (7), and thus may be a limit ...
Fractal-like kinetics, a possible link between preconditioning and
... 1. No difference, i.e. both the first and second responses are of the same magnitude; 2. Priming, in which the second response is greater than the first; or 3. Desensitization (tolerance), in which the second response is lower than the first. Repeated treatment with Gram-negative bacterial lipopolys ...
... 1. No difference, i.e. both the first and second responses are of the same magnitude; 2. Priming, in which the second response is greater than the first; or 3. Desensitization (tolerance), in which the second response is lower than the first. Repeated treatment with Gram-negative bacterial lipopolys ...
Immunology Letters Complement and immune defense: From
... is directly activated and requires minutes to hours. The adaptive response which is mediated by antigen specific T- and B-cell lymphocytes and takes several days to develop. ...
... is directly activated and requires minutes to hours. The adaptive response which is mediated by antigen specific T- and B-cell lymphocytes and takes several days to develop. ...
Role of Bruton`s tyrosine kinase in innate and adaptive immunity
... neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells. Until recently, the manner in which vertebrates respond to pathogens was obscure. It is now clear that a family of proteins, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (reviewed in [79]), contribute to the signal transduction induced by many pathogen-associated mole ...
... neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells. Until recently, the manner in which vertebrates respond to pathogens was obscure. It is now clear that a family of proteins, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (reviewed in [79]), contribute to the signal transduction induced by many pathogen-associated mole ...
Cytokine function of heat shock proteins - AJP
... The reported HSP cytokine effects are similar to those of LPS and bacterial lipoprotein. Because the recombinant bacterial and human HSPs are produced by Escherichia coli expressing HSP cDNAs, the final preparations may be contaminated with bacterial products. Likewise, HSP preparations isolated fro ...
... The reported HSP cytokine effects are similar to those of LPS and bacterial lipoprotein. Because the recombinant bacterial and human HSPs are produced by Escherichia coli expressing HSP cDNAs, the final preparations may be contaminated with bacterial products. Likewise, HSP preparations isolated fro ...
Texas Tech University Health Science Center School of Medicine
... A. Involves lattice formation between antibody and its specific soluble antigen B. Involves cross-linking of antibody with its specific particulate antigen C. Involves anti-immunoglobulin to cross link antibody bound to its specific receptor on red blood cells D. Involves anti-immunoglobulin coupled ...
... A. Involves lattice formation between antibody and its specific soluble antigen B. Involves cross-linking of antibody with its specific particulate antigen C. Involves anti-immunoglobulin to cross link antibody bound to its specific receptor on red blood cells D. Involves anti-immunoglobulin coupled ...
Thesis final for publication-us-18-7-12 2 - eDiss - Georg
... individuals with and without anti HIV/SIV Noncytolytic activity” "Molecular Medicine" Annual PhD Retreat, September 2011. • Oral Presentation“Differential gene expression pattern of CD8+ T cells from individuals with and without anti HIV/SIV Noncytolytic activity” "Molecular Medicine" Annual PhD Ret ...
... individuals with and without anti HIV/SIV Noncytolytic activity” "Molecular Medicine" Annual PhD Retreat, September 2011. • Oral Presentation“Differential gene expression pattern of CD8+ T cells from individuals with and without anti HIV/SIV Noncytolytic activity” "Molecular Medicine" Annual PhD Ret ...
TLR3 Signaling in Human BDCA-3 Dendritic Cells Results in the
... the ability to tolerate self-antigens occur within both innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is shared by all multi-cellular organisms and is considered to be a nonspecific first line of defense. Components of innate immunity include epithelial barriers, phagocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), n ...
... the ability to tolerate self-antigens occur within both innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is shared by all multi-cellular organisms and is considered to be a nonspecific first line of defense. Components of innate immunity include epithelial barriers, phagocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), n ...
TLR3 Signaling in Macrophages Is Indispensable for the
... IFN-γ has been suggested to play a critical role in the control of EV71 infection [8,12]. To determine the cellular resources of IFN-γ production after EV71 infection, we cultured splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice with EV71M and analyzed IFN-γ production in the culture supernatants. We observed that the ...
... IFN-γ has been suggested to play a critical role in the control of EV71 infection [8,12]. To determine the cellular resources of IFN-γ production after EV71 infection, we cultured splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice with EV71M and analyzed IFN-γ production in the culture supernatants. We observed that the ...
The avian lung-associated immune system: a review
... animal health significantly depends on the successful control of pathogen invasion and pathogen replication at the bronchus-associated mucosal surface and in the lung tissue. This implicates that vaccination strategies should induce effector mechanisms which help to prevent pathogen invasion in the ...
... animal health significantly depends on the successful control of pathogen invasion and pathogen replication at the bronchus-associated mucosal surface and in the lung tissue. This implicates that vaccination strategies should induce effector mechanisms which help to prevent pathogen invasion in the ...
The Effects of Stress Hormones on Immune Function May be Vital for
... Stress responses and immune responses The stress response by insects shares a number of features with the stress-response systems of vertebrates (Fig. 1). During, and immediately after, flying, fighting, or forced running there is a significant increase in the stress hormone octopamine in the hemoly ...
... Stress responses and immune responses The stress response by insects shares a number of features with the stress-response systems of vertebrates (Fig. 1). During, and immediately after, flying, fighting, or forced running there is a significant increase in the stress hormone octopamine in the hemoly ...
Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV
... tax gene plays central roles in viral gene transcription, viral replication and the proliferation of HTLV-I-infected cells. Tax enhances viral gene transcription from the 5'-LTR via interaction with cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein (CREB). Tax also interacts with cellular factors and ac ...
... tax gene plays central roles in viral gene transcription, viral replication and the proliferation of HTLV-I-infected cells. Tax enhances viral gene transcription from the 5'-LTR via interaction with cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein (CREB). Tax also interacts with cellular factors and ac ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.