Doctoral thesis from the Department of Immunology,
... determined the toxicity of an alkaloid extract of Evanta (AEE) on eukaryotic cells in vitro and afterwards analyzed the effect of AEE on parasite growth. At 10 µg/ml we observed inhibition of Leishmania braziliensis promastigote growth while viability of eukaryotic cells was practically not affected ...
... determined the toxicity of an alkaloid extract of Evanta (AEE) on eukaryotic cells in vitro and afterwards analyzed the effect of AEE on parasite growth. At 10 µg/ml we observed inhibition of Leishmania braziliensis promastigote growth while viability of eukaryotic cells was practically not affected ...
Dendritic cells in progressive renal disease: some answers, many
... DCs have the capacity to secrete pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines as innate cells, their key specialized function is as professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs). DCs that have been activated by the presence of inflammatory signals induce immunity by migrating to (and by residing in) secondary ...
... DCs have the capacity to secrete pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines as innate cells, their key specialized function is as professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs). DCs that have been activated by the presence of inflammatory signals induce immunity by migrating to (and by residing in) secondary ...
O A RIGINAL RTICLE
... making special cytokins including IFN-γ that recruits CMI. Leishmania resistant strain of mice such as C57Bl/6 genetically produces Th1 immune responses and shows only a local reaction that heals easly [16,17]. On the other hand infected BALB/C mice generally activate Th2 cells and regulate humoral ...
... making special cytokins including IFN-γ that recruits CMI. Leishmania resistant strain of mice such as C57Bl/6 genetically produces Th1 immune responses and shows only a local reaction that heals easly [16,17]. On the other hand infected BALB/C mice generally activate Th2 cells and regulate humoral ...
Thymomodulin increases release of granulocyte-macrophage B. M.T.
... Thymomodulin is a calf thymus acid lysate composed of several thymic peptides with a molecular weight ranging from 1-10 Kda (1]. In vitro th y momod u lin induces the maturat ion of Tlymphocytes, increases antibody production by Blymphocytes and enhances the cytotoxic activity of na tura l killer (N ...
... Thymomodulin is a calf thymus acid lysate composed of several thymic peptides with a molecular weight ranging from 1-10 Kda (1]. In vitro th y momod u lin induces the maturat ion of Tlymphocytes, increases antibody production by Blymphocytes and enhances the cytotoxic activity of na tura l killer (N ...
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... an important mechanism of action [60–62]. This is mediated primarily through local inflammation induced by virus infection, which stimulates the maturation of DCs and causes them to migrate to the draining lymph nodes, where they can cross-present tumor antigens to naïve T cells [63]. OV-mediated ce ...
... an important mechanism of action [60–62]. This is mediated primarily through local inflammation induced by virus infection, which stimulates the maturation of DCs and causes them to migrate to the draining lymph nodes, where they can cross-present tumor antigens to naïve T cells [63]. OV-mediated ce ...
T-bet: a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity
... binds to large domains that have clusters of enhanc‑ ers associated with important T cell genes — known as ‘super enhancers’ — which are characteristics of master regulatory genes that define cell identity 10. However, in most cases, it remains to be formally proven that these specific interactions ...
... binds to large domains that have clusters of enhanc‑ ers associated with important T cell genes — known as ‘super enhancers’ — which are characteristics of master regulatory genes that define cell identity 10. However, in most cases, it remains to be formally proven that these specific interactions ...
An HIV infection model based on a vectored immunoprophylaxis
... In previous papers, most of the models exhibit only forward bifurcation. However, during the last two decades, backward bifurcations have been observed in a fraction of epidemic models (Liu et al., 1986; Hadeler and van den Driessche, 1997; Dushoff et al., 1998; van den Driessche and Watmough, 2000; ...
... In previous papers, most of the models exhibit only forward bifurcation. However, during the last two decades, backward bifurcations have been observed in a fraction of epidemic models (Liu et al., 1986; Hadeler and van den Driessche, 1997; Dushoff et al., 1998; van den Driessche and Watmough, 2000; ...
Predicting pathogen-specific CD8 T cell immune responses
... are based on live viruses and stay contraindicated for some people [19, 20, 21]. Moreover vaccinia virus could also be used as a platform for the design of vaccines directed against other pathogens [4]. Listeria monocytogenes, a Gram-positive bacteria, causes disease mainly in immunocompromised huma ...
... are based on live viruses and stay contraindicated for some people [19, 20, 21]. Moreover vaccinia virus could also be used as a platform for the design of vaccines directed against other pathogens [4]. Listeria monocytogenes, a Gram-positive bacteria, causes disease mainly in immunocompromised huma ...
2,6-sialylated Fc
... The precise mechanism by which IVIG suppresses harmful inflammation has not been definitively established BUT…. is believed to involve the Fc receptor… How? Which one(s)? ...
... The precise mechanism by which IVIG suppresses harmful inflammation has not been definitively established BUT…. is believed to involve the Fc receptor… How? Which one(s)? ...
Nerve growth factor levels and localisation in human asthmatic bronchi
... infiltrating inflammatory cells in the submucosa, and to a lesser extent in the connective tissue. The asthmatics exhibited a higher number of NGF-immunoreactive infiltrating cells in the bronchial submucosa than control subjects. This study provides evidence that nerve growth factor is locally prod ...
... infiltrating inflammatory cells in the submucosa, and to a lesser extent in the connective tissue. The asthmatics exhibited a higher number of NGF-immunoreactive infiltrating cells in the bronchial submucosa than control subjects. This study provides evidence that nerve growth factor is locally prod ...
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
... markers CD45, CD34, CD14, or CD11. They also do not express the costimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, or CD40 or the adhesion molecules CD31 (platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule [PECAM]-1), CD18 (leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 [LFA-1]), or CD56 (neuronal cell adhesion molecule-1), but ...
... markers CD45, CD34, CD14, or CD11. They also do not express the costimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, or CD40 or the adhesion molecules CD31 (platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule [PECAM]-1), CD18 (leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 [LFA-1]), or CD56 (neuronal cell adhesion molecule-1), but ...
Neuroendocrineimmune crosstalk in vertebrates and invertebrates
... reproductive investment came at a cost to the mother’s own immune function; bacterial killing ability, an innate immune parameter, was reduced in pregnant, leptin-treated hamsters (French et al. 2009). These preliminary results suggest that leptin helps regulate energetic trade-offs with immunity ac ...
... reproductive investment came at a cost to the mother’s own immune function; bacterial killing ability, an innate immune parameter, was reduced in pregnant, leptin-treated hamsters (French et al. 2009). These preliminary results suggest that leptin helps regulate energetic trade-offs with immunity ac ...
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... with projection interneurons to form the neural circuitry essential for odor discrimination, as well as to other CNS regions (55). The presence of Streptococcus-specific Th17 cells in the CNS after repeated i.n. infections increases the permeability of capillaries in several CNS regions, including t ...
... with projection interneurons to form the neural circuitry essential for odor discrimination, as well as to other CNS regions (55). The presence of Streptococcus-specific Th17 cells in the CNS after repeated i.n. infections increases the permeability of capillaries in several CNS regions, including t ...
HMGB1 Mediates Endogenous TLR2 Activation and
... L-Glutamine (all from CellGro), and 10% FCS (Omega Scientific). All other cell lines were grown in DMEM culture media (CellGro) supplemented with 10% FCS and 1% Pen-Strep and passaged routinely every 2–3 d. pCMV-TLR2 and pCMV-TLR4 were a gift from Mike Roth *29+ and pEF1α-MD2 was a gift from Kensuke ...
... L-Glutamine (all from CellGro), and 10% FCS (Omega Scientific). All other cell lines were grown in DMEM culture media (CellGro) supplemented with 10% FCS and 1% Pen-Strep and passaged routinely every 2–3 d. pCMV-TLR2 and pCMV-TLR4 were a gift from Mike Roth *29+ and pEF1α-MD2 was a gift from Kensuke ...
sistema inmune2
... The body produces many types of lymphocytes: – each fights a different type of antigen – active lymphocyte clones itself to fight specific antigen ...
... The body produces many types of lymphocytes: – each fights a different type of antigen – active lymphocyte clones itself to fight specific antigen ...
phoPlphoQ-Deleted Salmonella typhi (Ty800) Is a Safe and
... Bacteriology. No subject had blood cultures positive for the vaccine organism during the study (l0 sets/volunteer). Limiting-dilution studies using strain Ty800 and sterile human blood demonstrated that the blood culture system used was very sensitive. Blood culture bottles consistently turned posit ...
... Bacteriology. No subject had blood cultures positive for the vaccine organism during the study (l0 sets/volunteer). Limiting-dilution studies using strain Ty800 and sterile human blood demonstrated that the blood culture system used was very sensitive. Blood culture bottles consistently turned posit ...
Therapies for Chronic Lyme Disease Kent Holtorf, MD
... Lyme disease/CFS/ME/Fibromyalgia The TH1 response mainly addresses intracellular and extracellular infections while the TH2 response is largely limited to extracellular infections Transforming the body to a TH2 “extracellular” dominant response then converting to an intracellular L-form with a d ...
... Lyme disease/CFS/ME/Fibromyalgia The TH1 response mainly addresses intracellular and extracellular infections while the TH2 response is largely limited to extracellular infections Transforming the body to a TH2 “extracellular” dominant response then converting to an intracellular L-form with a d ...
Stem cells are influenced by microbial ligands
... sensed by the LRR, NOD is critical for activation, and the N-terminal part mediates downstream signaling [14]. The NOD subfamily has been characterized the best. The NOD family consists of NOD1 and NOD2. These receptors are expressed in the cytosol and recognize components of peptidoglycan. It is su ...
... sensed by the LRR, NOD is critical for activation, and the N-terminal part mediates downstream signaling [14]. The NOD subfamily has been characterized the best. The NOD family consists of NOD1 and NOD2. These receptors are expressed in the cytosol and recognize components of peptidoglycan. It is su ...
Simplify Immunophenotyping Using Kits and
... CD4+ T-Cell Subsets • Th1: Activate infected macrophages and help B cells; immunity to viruses, intracellular bacteria, and parasites • Th2: Help B cells and switch antibody production; immunity to extracellular parasites • Th17: Inflammation and autoimmunity; immunity to extracellular bacteria and ...
... CD4+ T-Cell Subsets • Th1: Activate infected macrophages and help B cells; immunity to viruses, intracellular bacteria, and parasites • Th2: Help B cells and switch antibody production; immunity to extracellular parasites • Th17: Inflammation and autoimmunity; immunity to extracellular bacteria and ...
The MHC complex
... Gene conversion and new alleles Sequences can be transferred from one gene to a similar but different gene by a process know as gene conversion. This can occur by a misalignment of two paired homologous chromosomes When there are many copies of similar genes arrayed in tandem. Polymorphisms have be ...
... Gene conversion and new alleles Sequences can be transferred from one gene to a similar but different gene by a process know as gene conversion. This can occur by a misalignment of two paired homologous chromosomes When there are many copies of similar genes arrayed in tandem. Polymorphisms have be ...
Positive and negative regulation of Natural Killer cells: Therapeutic
... that were found to kill tumors in vitro in an MHC-unrestricted manner [2,5,6]. These cells became known as ‘Natural Killer’ cells for their ability to spontaneously lyse target cells without need of prior sensitization [7]. Later studies demonstrated that mice with severe combined immune deficiency ...
... that were found to kill tumors in vitro in an MHC-unrestricted manner [2,5,6]. These cells became known as ‘Natural Killer’ cells for their ability to spontaneously lyse target cells without need of prior sensitization [7]. Later studies demonstrated that mice with severe combined immune deficiency ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.