The Immune System
... The artificial immune systems are composed of intelligent methodologies, inspired by the natural immune system, for the solution of real-world problems (Dasgupta, 1998) Artificial immune systems (AIS) are adaptive systems, inspired by theoretical immunology and observed immune functions, principles ...
... The artificial immune systems are composed of intelligent methodologies, inspired by the natural immune system, for the solution of real-world problems (Dasgupta, 1998) Artificial immune systems (AIS) are adaptive systems, inspired by theoretical immunology and observed immune functions, principles ...
Natural killer cell cytotoxicity: how do they pull the trigger?
... by tumours and virus-infected cells, enabling these cells to escape CTL killing.3,4 However, NK cells can recognize and kill cells that have down-regulated MHC class I molecules from their cell surface.5–7 The MHC class I molecules are recognized by NK cell inhibitory receptors and the ligation of t ...
... by tumours and virus-infected cells, enabling these cells to escape CTL killing.3,4 However, NK cells can recognize and kill cells that have down-regulated MHC class I molecules from their cell surface.5–7 The MHC class I molecules are recognized by NK cell inhibitory receptors and the ligation of t ...
Innate immune modulation in EBV infection Open Access Shunbin Ning
... cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), is expressed [8]. Besides latently infects lymphocytes and productively infects epithelial cells, EBV also infects follicular dendritic cells, mononuclear cells, plasma cells and smooth muscle cells. Infection of monocytes is likely productive [9]. However, in healthy ...
... cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), is expressed [8]. Besides latently infects lymphocytes and productively infects epithelial cells, EBV also infects follicular dendritic cells, mononuclear cells, plasma cells and smooth muscle cells. Infection of monocytes is likely productive [9]. However, in healthy ...
Microbial recognition and evasion of host immunity
... pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) in the host cells. These PRRs are able to recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), which are also often referred to as pathogenassociated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (Boller and Felix, 2009). The recognition of MAMPs/PAMPs by plant PRRs leads to so ...
... pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) in the host cells. These PRRs are able to recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), which are also often referred to as pathogenassociated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (Boller and Felix, 2009). The recognition of MAMPs/PAMPs by plant PRRs leads to so ...
Psychoneuroimmunology: Psychological Influences
... PNI intervention studies have used a number of diverse strategies including hypnosis, relaxation, exercise, classical conditioning, self-disclosure, exposure to a phobic stressor to enhance perceived coping self-efficacy, and cognitive– behavioral therapies with a range of populations; earlier liter ...
... PNI intervention studies have used a number of diverse strategies including hypnosis, relaxation, exercise, classical conditioning, self-disclosure, exposure to a phobic stressor to enhance perceived coping self-efficacy, and cognitive– behavioral therapies with a range of populations; earlier liter ...
Jennifer Orthmann-Murphey, M.D., Ph.D., Postdoctoral Fellow
... These mice show an age-dependent difficulty in movement and muscle wasting. They are examining these mice to understand what genes are incorrectly turned on or off by excess Lamin B1 and how this affects the ability of the oligodendrocytes to make, maintain, and repair myelin. What’s Next? Results f ...
... These mice show an age-dependent difficulty in movement and muscle wasting. They are examining these mice to understand what genes are incorrectly turned on or off by excess Lamin B1 and how this affects the ability of the oligodendrocytes to make, maintain, and repair myelin. What’s Next? Results f ...
Author`s personal copy
... maturation of infected dendritic cells, which undergo apoptosis. The dendritic cells display impaired ability to upregulate cell surface expression of costimulatory, maturation, and major histocompatibility complex molecules, resulting in reduced T cell stimulatory capacity. There is also an impaire ...
... maturation of infected dendritic cells, which undergo apoptosis. The dendritic cells display impaired ability to upregulate cell surface expression of costimulatory, maturation, and major histocompatibility complex molecules, resulting in reduced T cell stimulatory capacity. There is also an impaire ...
Intranasal immunization of mice with Echinococcus
... immunization with helminth antigens, and particularly to analyse the potential use of these iscoms for mucosal stimulation and their capacity to affect the Th1/Th2 balance. Echinococcus granulosus is a helminth parasite which causes a zoonotic disease known as echinococcosis/hydatidosis. The larval ...
... immunization with helminth antigens, and particularly to analyse the potential use of these iscoms for mucosal stimulation and their capacity to affect the Th1/Th2 balance. Echinococcus granulosus is a helminth parasite which causes a zoonotic disease known as echinococcosis/hydatidosis. The larval ...
final thesis benoit - edoc
... specifically and efficiently a variety of cells in a well-organized manner to clear or neutralize the hazardous organism. When the body is reexposed to the same intruder, the immune system can induce a memory response that is faster and stronger allowing the host to efficaciously eliminate the forei ...
... specifically and efficiently a variety of cells in a well-organized manner to clear or neutralize the hazardous organism. When the body is reexposed to the same intruder, the immune system can induce a memory response that is faster and stronger allowing the host to efficaciously eliminate the forei ...
C7. Time schedule of the research plan solution
... MSM0021620812 B3. Major research and development results applied by the applicant/administrator in the disciplines referred to in B1 within the last five years (overall characteristic) As far as immunology is concerned, it has a long tradition at the 2nd Medical Faculty, it has already existed since ...
... MSM0021620812 B3. Major research and development results applied by the applicant/administrator in the disciplines referred to in B1 within the last five years (overall characteristic) As far as immunology is concerned, it has a long tradition at the 2nd Medical Faculty, it has already existed since ...
MM-BMSCs induce naïve CD4+ T lymphocytes
... MM-BMSCs were stimulated to Th17 differentiation (Figure 3A, P = 0.03), consistent with an elevated level of IL-17 (Figure 3C, P = 0.021). We also found both HDBMSCs and MM-BMSCs induced the secretion of IL-10 (P = 0.002, 0.003, respectively); however, the level of IL-17 was apparently higher than I ...
... MM-BMSCs were stimulated to Th17 differentiation (Figure 3A, P = 0.03), consistent with an elevated level of IL-17 (Figure 3C, P = 0.021). We also found both HDBMSCs and MM-BMSCs induced the secretion of IL-10 (P = 0.002, 0.003, respectively); however, the level of IL-17 was apparently higher than I ...
Induction of protective immunity to Cryptococcal infection in mice by
... The C. neoformans cell wall differs from those of other pathogenic fungi by the presence of a polysaccharide capsule. In addition, we have previously discovered that, unlike other yeasts, the chitin fiber in the cell wall of C. neoformans predominantly exists in its deacetylated chitosan form under ...
... The C. neoformans cell wall differs from those of other pathogenic fungi by the presence of a polysaccharide capsule. In addition, we have previously discovered that, unlike other yeasts, the chitin fiber in the cell wall of C. neoformans predominantly exists in its deacetylated chitosan form under ...
Sleep, Immunity, and Circadian Clocks: A Mechanistic Model
... leukocyte subpopulations, including neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, B cells, T cells, and regulatory T cells which are (T cells, B cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, monocytes) or are not (neutrophils, regulatory T cells) modulated by sleep. In most of these cases, ...
... leukocyte subpopulations, including neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, B cells, T cells, and regulatory T cells which are (T cells, B cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, monocytes) or are not (neutrophils, regulatory T cells) modulated by sleep. In most of these cases, ...
Persistence T Cell Function during Viral + CD8 Memory Generation
... (CD62LhighCCR7high) cells based on their expression of lymphoid homing receptors (10). Memory CD8⫹ T cells during viral infections play a major role in protection by rapid recognition and lysis of virus-infected cells. The contribution of memory CD8⫹ T cells to recall responses is well-defined durin ...
... (CD62LhighCCR7high) cells based on their expression of lymphoid homing receptors (10). Memory CD8⫹ T cells during viral infections play a major role in protection by rapid recognition and lysis of virus-infected cells. The contribution of memory CD8⫹ T cells to recall responses is well-defined durin ...
Strategies and Implications for Prime
... essentially been used since the initial development of vaccines. Although this method is usually successful in boosting the humoral response to antigen, it is far less effective at generating increased numbers of CD8 T cells due to rapid clearance of the homologous boosting agent by the primed immun ...
... essentially been used since the initial development of vaccines. Although this method is usually successful in boosting the humoral response to antigen, it is far less effective at generating increased numbers of CD8 T cells due to rapid clearance of the homologous boosting agent by the primed immun ...
Therapeutic vaccines for cancer
... loaded with tumour lysates, or transfected with tumourderived RNA or DNA—and should in theory be less susceptible to tumour antigen loss. Additionally, poly valent vaccines are likely to carry mutations that drive the tumour’s malignant phenotype. However, only a fraction of the targeted antigens w ...
... loaded with tumour lysates, or transfected with tumourderived RNA or DNA—and should in theory be less susceptible to tumour antigen loss. Additionally, poly valent vaccines are likely to carry mutations that drive the tumour’s malignant phenotype. However, only a fraction of the targeted antigens w ...
Murine Effector Cells Crosstalk between Human IgG Isotypes and
... human IgG1 (hIgG1) H chain constant domains (typically of the hIgG1 isotype) in these human(ized) mAbs provide optimal interactions with the human immune system and improved in vivo half-lives as an additional advantage. However, as a consequence, they have become less adapted for studies in mouse m ...
... human IgG1 (hIgG1) H chain constant domains (typically of the hIgG1 isotype) in these human(ized) mAbs provide optimal interactions with the human immune system and improved in vivo half-lives as an additional advantage. However, as a consequence, they have become less adapted for studies in mouse m ...
Card9 Mediates Intestinal Epithelial Cell Restitution, T
... sensing and Nod2-dependent p38/JNK signaling,8 enhances Toll-like receptor signaling,9,10 and facilitates microbe-elicited reactive oxygen species production.11 Furthermore, p38 and JNK activation, as well as cytokine production after infection with RNA viruses, relies on CARD9 through Mda5, RIG-I, ...
... sensing and Nod2-dependent p38/JNK signaling,8 enhances Toll-like receptor signaling,9,10 and facilitates microbe-elicited reactive oxygen species production.11 Furthermore, p38 and JNK activation, as well as cytokine production after infection with RNA viruses, relies on CARD9 through Mda5, RIG-I, ...
Long-term protection from syngeneic acute
... these evasion strategies render ALL a challenging target for immune ...
... these evasion strategies render ALL a challenging target for immune ...
Pathology of Lung Transplantation
... • Cytomegalovirus infection • Other lung infections (RSV, parainfluenza, influenza, adenovirus, rhinovirus) • Chemical injury from aspiration with gastroesophageal reflux disease ...
... • Cytomegalovirus infection • Other lung infections (RSV, parainfluenza, influenza, adenovirus, rhinovirus) • Chemical injury from aspiration with gastroesophageal reflux disease ...
Immunology of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
... eosinophils in asthma is not clear and the evidence that links their presence to airway hyper-responsiveness has been questioned by the finding that the administration of IL‑5-specific blocking antibodies that markedly reduce the number of eosinophils in the blood and sputum does not reduce airway h ...
... eosinophils in asthma is not clear and the evidence that links their presence to airway hyper-responsiveness has been questioned by the finding that the administration of IL‑5-specific blocking antibodies that markedly reduce the number of eosinophils in the blood and sputum does not reduce airway h ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.