Vaccination ppt
... (attenuated) and are unable to cause disease. • Dead micro-organisms. • Some part or product of the micro-organism that can produce an immune response. Vaccine production. ...
... (attenuated) and are unable to cause disease. • Dead micro-organisms. • Some part or product of the micro-organism that can produce an immune response. Vaccine production. ...
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... ANS: C The effector phase of an immune response occurs when cells or molecules eliminate the microbe or microbial toxin. In a humoral immune response, the effector phase includes secretion of antibody, binding of the antibody to the microbe or toxin, and subsequent antibody-dependent elimination of ...
... ANS: C The effector phase of an immune response occurs when cells or molecules eliminate the microbe or microbial toxin. In a humoral immune response, the effector phase includes secretion of antibody, binding of the antibody to the microbe or toxin, and subsequent antibody-dependent elimination of ...
Toxoplasma gondii Infection - Wyoming Scholars Repository
... Swollen lymph nodes Muscle aches Brain damage: seizures, encephalitis, brain lesions, etc. Lung problems Blurred vision Stillbirth or miscarriage ...
... Swollen lymph nodes Muscle aches Brain damage: seizures, encephalitis, brain lesions, etc. Lung problems Blurred vision Stillbirth or miscarriage ...
Ch. 43 immune system
... Helper T cells—bring on the calvary • Function in both humoral (antibody production) & cell-mediated immunity • Activated by antigen presenting cells (APCs) bearing the class MHCII molecule • CD4 (Th surface protein), enhances activation, as does Interlukin 1 (IL-1) . • Once activated, it prolifera ...
... Helper T cells—bring on the calvary • Function in both humoral (antibody production) & cell-mediated immunity • Activated by antigen presenting cells (APCs) bearing the class MHCII molecule • CD4 (Th surface protein), enhances activation, as does Interlukin 1 (IL-1) . • Once activated, it prolifera ...
T cell receptors
... • Each T cell will produce a single chain from just one of the chromosomal loci (allelic exclusion). • Two chains can be produced by a single cell. • Therefore two TCR sets may be expressed on a given T cell. • However, a single T cell will express a single antigenbinding specificity. How doe ...
... • Each T cell will produce a single chain from just one of the chromosomal loci (allelic exclusion). • Two chains can be produced by a single cell. • Therefore two TCR sets may be expressed on a given T cell. • However, a single T cell will express a single antigenbinding specificity. How doe ...
The Immune System
... • White blood cells have specialized receptors on their surface that enable them to determine what is "self" and "non-self” • When "non-self" proteins are encountered, an immune response is mounted to destroy the foreign (non-self) substance. ...
... • White blood cells have specialized receptors on their surface that enable them to determine what is "self" and "non-self” • When "non-self" proteins are encountered, an immune response is mounted to destroy the foreign (non-self) substance. ...
An Agent-Based Model Demonstrates that the
... complex network behavior of the immune system in a way that is not possible using a living system. It includes agent and signal representations of all of the basic cells and cytokines/chemokines (respectively) of the immune system. The agents interact in three cellular automatons representing a func ...
... complex network behavior of the immune system in a way that is not possible using a living system. It includes agent and signal representations of all of the basic cells and cytokines/chemokines (respectively) of the immune system. The agents interact in three cellular automatons representing a func ...
Lecture 18
... • Lymphocytes: – Natural killer cells move in the blood and lymph to lyses (cause to burst) cancer cells and virus-infected body cells. » They attach to the glycoproteins on the surfaces of infected cells and kill them – T cells - Cell- mediated immunity – B cells (plasma cells) - Produce antibodies ...
... • Lymphocytes: – Natural killer cells move in the blood and lymph to lyses (cause to burst) cancer cells and virus-infected body cells. » They attach to the glycoproteins on the surfaces of infected cells and kill them – T cells - Cell- mediated immunity – B cells (plasma cells) - Produce antibodies ...
No Slide Title
... One of the first steps in the generation of the immune response is the recognition by T lymphocytes of peptide fragments (antigens) derived from foreign pathogens that are presented on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). This event is mediated by the T cell receptor (TCR), that transduces ...
... One of the first steps in the generation of the immune response is the recognition by T lymphocytes of peptide fragments (antigens) derived from foreign pathogens that are presented on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). This event is mediated by the T cell receptor (TCR), that transduces ...
ANTIGEN PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION
... antigens, respectively. CD4 cells recognize antigen plus class II MHC molecules while CD8 cells recognize antigen plus class I MHC molecules. In addition, intercellular adhesion molecules and co-stimulatory molecules are involved in T-cell activation. The humoral immunity can be dependent or indepen ...
... antigens, respectively. CD4 cells recognize antigen plus class II MHC molecules while CD8 cells recognize antigen plus class I MHC molecules. In addition, intercellular adhesion molecules and co-stimulatory molecules are involved in T-cell activation. The humoral immunity can be dependent or indepen ...
Cancer vaccines: up, down, … up again?
... During the efferent phase of the immune response, it is possible that the antitumor T cells may not have trafficked to the tumor site or if they trafficked, they may not have been able to overcome newly recognized immunosuppressive mechanisms present in the tumor microenvironment. However, indolent ...
... During the efferent phase of the immune response, it is possible that the antitumor T cells may not have trafficked to the tumor site or if they trafficked, they may not have been able to overcome newly recognized immunosuppressive mechanisms present in the tumor microenvironment. However, indolent ...
Important Immune System Handout
... You have millions of these immune cells, one for every foreign antigen you might ever encounter. Having recognised the invader, different types of T-cells then have different jobs to do. Some send chemical instructions (cytokines) to the rest of the immune system. Your body can then produce the most ...
... You have millions of these immune cells, one for every foreign antigen you might ever encounter. Having recognised the invader, different types of T-cells then have different jobs to do. Some send chemical instructions (cytokines) to the rest of the immune system. Your body can then produce the most ...
Document
... • Clinical goals: Prolongation of life and improved quality of life • Virologic goals: Reduction in viral load as much as possible for as long as possible to: 1) halt disease progression, and 2) prevent/reduce resistant variants • Immunologic goals: Achieve immune reconstitution that is quantitative ...
... • Clinical goals: Prolongation of life and improved quality of life • Virologic goals: Reduction in viral load as much as possible for as long as possible to: 1) halt disease progression, and 2) prevent/reduce resistant variants • Immunologic goals: Achieve immune reconstitution that is quantitative ...
White Blood Cells
... They both originate in the bone marrow, but T cells grow and mature within the thymus gland while B cells typically mature in bone marrow then move to lymph nodes and similar tissue. T cells attack abnormal cells in the body, such as virally infected cells, tumor cells, and donor transplant cells. B ...
... They both originate in the bone marrow, but T cells grow and mature within the thymus gland while B cells typically mature in bone marrow then move to lymph nodes and similar tissue. T cells attack abnormal cells in the body, such as virally infected cells, tumor cells, and donor transplant cells. B ...
Vaccination
... Key words: Vaccine, Antigen, Antibody, B Cells, Memory T Cells, Immunity Discuss the use of antibiotics and vaccines in the treatment and prevention of bacterial diseases. In your answer be sure to include: a) what is in a vaccine A vaccine contains dead, or weakened microbes or parts of microbes b) ...
... Key words: Vaccine, Antigen, Antibody, B Cells, Memory T Cells, Immunity Discuss the use of antibiotics and vaccines in the treatment and prevention of bacterial diseases. In your answer be sure to include: a) what is in a vaccine A vaccine contains dead, or weakened microbes or parts of microbes b) ...
antigen processing and presentation
... respectively. CD4 cells recognize antigen plus class II MHC molecules while CD8 cells recognize antigen plus class I MHC molecules. In addition, intercellular adhesion molecules and co-stimulatory molecules are involved in T-cell activation. The humoral immunity can be dependent or independent on T ...
... respectively. CD4 cells recognize antigen plus class II MHC molecules while CD8 cells recognize antigen plus class I MHC molecules. In addition, intercellular adhesion molecules and co-stimulatory molecules are involved in T-cell activation. The humoral immunity can be dependent or independent on T ...
Reminder: Review the Histology lectures* about Cells and Organs of
... Neutrophils are usually the first cell type to arrive at the site of tissue damage. Activation leads to respiratory bursts and release of granules to control bacterial growth. Mononuclear cells and macrophages engulf organisms via multiple mechanisms, leading to destruction within intracellular phag ...
... Neutrophils are usually the first cell type to arrive at the site of tissue damage. Activation leads to respiratory bursts and release of granules to control bacterial growth. Mononuclear cells and macrophages engulf organisms via multiple mechanisms, leading to destruction within intracellular phag ...
Membrane Receptors for Antigen
... antigens in isolation • T cells recognize antigens when they are associated with normal cells -- they recognize “foreign” in the context of “self” • The “self” they see are molecules of the Major Histocompatilbity Complex, or MHC • They are called “histocompatiblity” antigens because they were first ...
... antigens in isolation • T cells recognize antigens when they are associated with normal cells -- they recognize “foreign” in the context of “self” • The “self” they see are molecules of the Major Histocompatilbity Complex, or MHC • They are called “histocompatiblity” antigens because they were first ...
Guide 22
... Antigens have specific regions where antibodies bind to them • Antigens are usually molecules on the surface of viruses or foreign cells • Antigenic determinants are the specific regions on an antigen to which antibodies bind –Antigens may have several different determinants –Immune system may dire ...
... Antigens have specific regions where antibodies bind to them • Antigens are usually molecules on the surface of viruses or foreign cells • Antigenic determinants are the specific regions on an antigen to which antibodies bind –Antigens may have several different determinants –Immune system may dire ...
Skin As An Immune Organ
... • Feature of tissues that interface with the environment • TRM, TCM and TMM generated during first exposures • Both CD4 and CD8 T cells • Repertoires are diverse • Can be differentiated by surface phenotypes and expression profiles that indicate distinct functional characteristics • TRM with potent ...
... • Feature of tissues that interface with the environment • TRM, TCM and TMM generated during first exposures • Both CD4 and CD8 T cells • Repertoires are diverse • Can be differentiated by surface phenotypes and expression profiles that indicate distinct functional characteristics • TRM with potent ...
As Powerpoint Slide
... subsequent translocation into nucleus where it binds to responsive element to activate transcription of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF#cod#x003B1;, Il-6 and MCP-1. Elevated level of these inflammatory cytokines in BM results in immune cell infiltration from blood, such as T cells, monocytes and ...
... subsequent translocation into nucleus where it binds to responsive element to activate transcription of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF#cod#x003B1;, Il-6 and MCP-1. Elevated level of these inflammatory cytokines in BM results in immune cell infiltration from blood, such as T cells, monocytes and ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.