Induction of Protective Antitumor Immunity through Attenuation of ERAAP Function
... he repertoire of antigenic peptides derived from intracellular proteins consists of thousands of different 8–10-aa peptides, many of which are generated as N-terminally extended precursors following partial hydrolysis of substrates by cytosolic proteases, including the proteasome (1, 2). These are t ...
... he repertoire of antigenic peptides derived from intracellular proteins consists of thousands of different 8–10-aa peptides, many of which are generated as N-terminally extended precursors following partial hydrolysis of substrates by cytosolic proteases, including the proteasome (1, 2). These are t ...
Sex differences in carotenoid status and immune performance in
... Because humoral immunity responded positively to carotenoid enrichment in both sexes, the sex difference in antibody production to SRBC assays was retained in this experiment, with post-treatment males still producing more than post-treatment females ( post-hoc Fisher’s PLSD test, P = 0.04). However ...
... Because humoral immunity responded positively to carotenoid enrichment in both sexes, the sex difference in antibody production to SRBC assays was retained in this experiment, with post-treatment males still producing more than post-treatment females ( post-hoc Fisher’s PLSD test, P = 0.04). However ...
When NF-kB is inhibited
... signal by regulating genes • Exists as homo or hetero-dimers found inactive in the cytoplasm ...
... signal by regulating genes • Exists as homo or hetero-dimers found inactive in the cytoplasm ...
Exosomes: secreted vesicles and intercellular
... describes heterogeneous results concerning the respective contribution of free (or protein-associated) miRNA, as compared to miRNA encapsulated in exosomes or other secreted membrane vesicles. Despite the uncertainties about the nature of mRNA and miRNA-carrying vesicles, the biopharma industry has ...
... describes heterogeneous results concerning the respective contribution of free (or protein-associated) miRNA, as compared to miRNA encapsulated in exosomes or other secreted membrane vesicles. Despite the uncertainties about the nature of mRNA and miRNA-carrying vesicles, the biopharma industry has ...
Echinacea
... • Class of natural proteins produces by the cells of the immune systems of most animals in response to chanllenges by foreign agents such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and tumor cells. Interferons belong to the large class of glycoproteins known as cytokines. ...
... • Class of natural proteins produces by the cells of the immune systems of most animals in response to chanllenges by foreign agents such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and tumor cells. Interferons belong to the large class of glycoproteins known as cytokines. ...
Neutrophils diminish T-cell immunity to foster gastric cancer
... new evidence to support the protumour function of neutrophils. These cells seem to promote tumour growth through both direct and indirect mechanisms (figure 1). Neutrophils can produce a wide spectrum of proteinases and inflammatory factors that directly promote tumour cell proliferation, such as neut ...
... new evidence to support the protumour function of neutrophils. These cells seem to promote tumour growth through both direct and indirect mechanisms (figure 1). Neutrophils can produce a wide spectrum of proteinases and inflammatory factors that directly promote tumour cell proliferation, such as neut ...
The Janus face of immunity : how anti-tumor
... Christina Gebauer. The Janus face of immunity : how anti-tumor immunity leads to autoimmunity in paraneoplastic neurological diseases. Immunology. Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2016. English..
...
... Christina Gebauer. The Janus face of immunity : how anti-tumor immunity leads to autoimmunity in paraneoplastic neurological diseases. Immunology. Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2016. English.
Role of complement in health and disease
... hydrophilic core through which small ions and water can pass. • Water enters cell because of high osmotic pressure inside the cell and the cell swells and bursts. ...
... hydrophilic core through which small ions and water can pass. • Water enters cell because of high osmotic pressure inside the cell and the cell swells and bursts. ...
Inflammation and Cellular Immune Responses in Abdominal Aortic
... stages of atheromata contain T lymphocytes, with a predominance of CD4⫹ helper T cells.34,64,68 T cells and macrophages may affect atherogenesis by producing various cytokines that induce either matrix synthesis or degradation. In particular, different T-cell subsets secrete IFN-␥ or IL-4 that drive ...
... stages of atheromata contain T lymphocytes, with a predominance of CD4⫹ helper T cells.34,64,68 T cells and macrophages may affect atherogenesis by producing various cytokines that induce either matrix synthesis or degradation. In particular, different T-cell subsets secrete IFN-␥ or IL-4 that drive ...
• - Utrecht University Repository
... The human immune system is the product of aeons of evolution, which have brought forth a system that is both delicate in its regulatory mechanisms and powerful in its actions. In order to remain functional and effective, the immune system must be kept in balance. An immune response that is too harsh ...
... The human immune system is the product of aeons of evolution, which have brought forth a system that is both delicate in its regulatory mechanisms and powerful in its actions. In order to remain functional and effective, the immune system must be kept in balance. An immune response that is too harsh ...
Wild-Type and NS5A-Transgenic Mice T Cell Responses in +
... inhibitors (3, 4). For HCV nongenotype 1 infections, the therapy is composed of pegylated IFN-a and ribavirin. Individuals that clear an acute HCV infection spontaneously or by standard-of-care treatment more commonly have CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to multiple HCV proteins, whereas those who progress to ...
... inhibitors (3, 4). For HCV nongenotype 1 infections, the therapy is composed of pegylated IFN-a and ribavirin. Individuals that clear an acute HCV infection spontaneously or by standard-of-care treatment more commonly have CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to multiple HCV proteins, whereas those who progress to ...
Probiotics for the Immune System
... and deliver antigens to T cells and B cells, where the adaptive immune response takes place. They help regulate both innate and adaptive immunity by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (both are compounds that signal the immune system). Certain probiotic strains help activate dendri ...
... and deliver antigens to T cells and B cells, where the adaptive immune response takes place. They help regulate both innate and adaptive immunity by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (both are compounds that signal the immune system). Certain probiotic strains help activate dendri ...
Sleeping sickness and the central nervous system* V.W. PENTREATH P.J. BAUGH
... which occurs in approximately 5% of late-stage patients treated with melarsoprol. In these cases, there appears to be a violent inflammatory response in the CNS, leading to convulsions, coma and death a few days following treatment. This reaction could be due to the massive release of antigenic mate ...
... which occurs in approximately 5% of late-stage patients treated with melarsoprol. In these cases, there appears to be a violent inflammatory response in the CNS, leading to convulsions, coma and death a few days following treatment. This reaction could be due to the massive release of antigenic mate ...
The Cnidaria, Past, Present and Future
... that the mechanisms behind allorecognition may differ from those of ‘training’ an immune system. The second line of evidence is the discovery of many classes of receptors that recognize molecular patterns of different pathogens (Netea et al. 2011). Recognizing the difference between pathogen types a ...
... that the mechanisms behind allorecognition may differ from those of ‘training’ an immune system. The second line of evidence is the discovery of many classes of receptors that recognize molecular patterns of different pathogens (Netea et al. 2011). Recognizing the difference between pathogen types a ...
Immunocompatibility of Bacteriophages as Nanomedicines
... Phages expressing Fab fragment specific for tumor accumulated in the tumor tissue and induced humoral and cellular immune responses, leading to solid tumor regression in mice. T4 phages interacting with B3 integrins modulated the function of human T cells and platelets. Bone marrow dendritic cells d ...
... Phages expressing Fab fragment specific for tumor accumulated in the tumor tissue and induced humoral and cellular immune responses, leading to solid tumor regression in mice. T4 phages interacting with B3 integrins modulated the function of human T cells and platelets. Bone marrow dendritic cells d ...
PDF
... Although such experimental studies have improved our understanding of temporary immunity and viral interference, the underlying mechanisms of how a virus is controlled and cleared by the immune system are still not fully understood. In particular, the re-exposure experimental data revealed a number ...
... Although such experimental studies have improved our understanding of temporary immunity and viral interference, the underlying mechanisms of how a virus is controlled and cleared by the immune system are still not fully understood. In particular, the re-exposure experimental data revealed a number ...
HEVs, lymphatics and homeostatic immune cell trafficking in lymph
... (~450) that are dispersed in the human body are essential for the encounter of circulating naive lymphocytes with antigens and antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), which drain from peripheral tissues through interstitial fluids (lymph). The recirculation of lymphocytes through ly ...
... (~450) that are dispersed in the human body are essential for the encounter of circulating naive lymphocytes with antigens and antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), which drain from peripheral tissues through interstitial fluids (lymph). The recirculation of lymphocytes through ly ...
and Function by Progesterone TLR4
... regard to circulating hormones, and levels of glucocorticoids, estrogen, and progesterone are all increased. This change in the hormonal milieu is thought to play a major role in skewing the maternal immune response to a Th2 and T regulatory phenotype (12, 13), influenced in part by actions of hormo ...
... regard to circulating hormones, and levels of glucocorticoids, estrogen, and progesterone are all increased. This change in the hormonal milieu is thought to play a major role in skewing the maternal immune response to a Th2 and T regulatory phenotype (12, 13), influenced in part by actions of hormo ...
Full Text - Statistics
... Introduction In chronic periapical lesion, we run into immune reactions against bacteria causing infection and destruction in tooth pulp. In some cases, these responses can destroy the periapical tissues rather than protecting them ...
... Introduction In chronic periapical lesion, we run into immune reactions against bacteria causing infection and destruction in tooth pulp. In some cases, these responses can destroy the periapical tissues rather than protecting them ...
The effect of induced hyperthermia on the
... T-lymphocytes (T-cells) were increased at temperatures of 401C, while incubation at temperatures of 421C caused decreased activities of both ...
... T-lymphocytes (T-cells) were increased at temperatures of 401C, while incubation at temperatures of 421C caused decreased activities of both ...
IMMUNOREGULATION OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION
... Currently, the only available vaccine for HBV is the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccine, which is usually used for the prophylaxis of HBV infection, as mentioned above. The HBsAg vaccine elicits a level of anti-hepatitis B surface antigen antibody (HBsAb) high enough to protect against the ...
... Currently, the only available vaccine for HBV is the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccine, which is usually used for the prophylaxis of HBV infection, as mentioned above. The HBsAg vaccine elicits a level of anti-hepatitis B surface antigen antibody (HBsAb) high enough to protect against the ...
Adlai E. Stevenson High School Course Description
... Relate the secondary immune response to memory Cells; compare the secondary immune response to a primary immune response. (figure 43.15) Trace the flow of a red blood cell sequentially through all of the structures of the pulmonary and systemic circuits. Be sure to identify whether each structure ca ...
... Relate the secondary immune response to memory Cells; compare the secondary immune response to a primary immune response. (figure 43.15) Trace the flow of a red blood cell sequentially through all of the structures of the pulmonary and systemic circuits. Be sure to identify whether each structure ca ...
Antibody Repertoire and Gene Expression Profile
... Although B-1a cells represent a minor B cell subpopulation in the spleen of normal mice, their absolute number is similar to the number of B-1a cells found in the peritoneum (12). Both B-1a compartments appear to differ in the frequencies of cells specific for bromelain-treated mouse RBCs (BrMRBCs) ...
... Although B-1a cells represent a minor B cell subpopulation in the spleen of normal mice, their absolute number is similar to the number of B-1a cells found in the peritoneum (12). Both B-1a compartments appear to differ in the frequencies of cells specific for bromelain-treated mouse RBCs (BrMRBCs) ...
34130-Review
... arthritis, and multiple sclerosis)[42-44]. Thus, this evidence illustrates the intrinsic importance of AhR-mediated MSC activation, highlighting the role of the IL6/AhR axis in the regulation of the immune system. Additionally, it was observed that the therapeutic abilities of MSCs can be modulated ...
... arthritis, and multiple sclerosis)[42-44]. Thus, this evidence illustrates the intrinsic importance of AhR-mediated MSC activation, highlighting the role of the IL6/AhR axis in the regulation of the immune system. Additionally, it was observed that the therapeutic abilities of MSCs can be modulated ...
Reprogramming of Myeloid Compartments Supporting Tissue
... We show that the immature myeloid compartment expands in bone marrow (BM) specifically at the resolution phase of inflammation during colitis transition to recovery. Additionally, we found enhanced levels of IL-17 in the serum of colitis mice tightly correlates with expansion of the IMC compartment, ...
... We show that the immature myeloid compartment expands in bone marrow (BM) specifically at the resolution phase of inflammation during colitis transition to recovery. Additionally, we found enhanced levels of IL-17 in the serum of colitis mice tightly correlates with expansion of the IMC compartment, ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.