Macrophage programming and host responses to bacterial infection Xiao Wang 王潇
... Bacteria, as the dominant life form on Earth, inhabit every ecological niche including the human body [1]. Although most bacteria are harmless or beneficial commensals co-evolving with the host, some are pathogenic [2]. Mammalian innate immunity mediated by phagocytes such as neutrophils, macrophage ...
... Bacteria, as the dominant life form on Earth, inhabit every ecological niche including the human body [1]. Although most bacteria are harmless or beneficial commensals co-evolving with the host, some are pathogenic [2]. Mammalian innate immunity mediated by phagocytes such as neutrophils, macrophage ...
Mucosal candidiasis elicits NF-κB activation, proinflammatory gene
... License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. ...
... License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. ...
Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells Scale Their Pro
... The subfertility of high-producing dairy cows represents a major obstacle to the profitability and sustainability of the dairy industry. Among the most common reasons for subfertility are postpartum uterine diseases caused by uterine bacterial infections after parturition (Sheldon et al., 2009). Dur ...
... The subfertility of high-producing dairy cows represents a major obstacle to the profitability and sustainability of the dairy industry. Among the most common reasons for subfertility are postpartum uterine diseases caused by uterine bacterial infections after parturition (Sheldon et al., 2009). Dur ...
Microbiota-mediated colonization resistance against intestinal
... example, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2)‑dependent responses to bacterial peptidoglycan fragments enhance the expression of antimicrobial cryptdin peptides by Paneth cells of the intestinal epithelium117. Commensal bacteria also induce Paneth and epithelial cells to express regene ...
... example, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2)‑dependent responses to bacterial peptidoglycan fragments enhance the expression of antimicrobial cryptdin peptides by Paneth cells of the intestinal epithelium117. Commensal bacteria also induce Paneth and epithelial cells to express regene ...
Publications_files/Sabiiti et al review 2012
... have evolved innate and adaptive immunity, invertebrates possess only the innate system, the most ancient form of pathogen defence. The basic underlying mechanisms of immune response can therefore be studied without potential confusion from adaptive immunity, which can be very species- or even indiv ...
... have evolved innate and adaptive immunity, invertebrates possess only the innate system, the most ancient form of pathogen defence. The basic underlying mechanisms of immune response can therefore be studied without potential confusion from adaptive immunity, which can be very species- or even indiv ...
RNA released from necrotic synovial fluid cells activates rheumatoid
... (7). While certain TLRs are expressed in joint tissue, it is less clear whether specific TLR ligands are present in the joints of patients with nonseptic arthritis. Peptidoglycans and bacterial DNA derived from gut-colonizing bacteria have been detected in the joints of patients with RA but have als ...
... (7). While certain TLRs are expressed in joint tissue, it is less clear whether specific TLR ligands are present in the joints of patients with nonseptic arthritis. Peptidoglycans and bacterial DNA derived from gut-colonizing bacteria have been detected in the joints of patients with RA but have als ...
UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA IMMUNE PROFILING OF OPERATIONAL TOLERANCE IN LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
... Medicine for his demonstration that renal autografts in dogs survived indefinitely while renal allografts rapidly ceased to function [1, 2]. This pioneering work led to the concept of histocompatibility, which refers to the fact that even within a same species there are polymorphic tissue antigens ( ...
... Medicine for his demonstration that renal autografts in dogs survived indefinitely while renal allografts rapidly ceased to function [1, 2]. This pioneering work led to the concept of histocompatibility, which refers to the fact that even within a same species there are polymorphic tissue antigens ( ...
Persistence of Mycoplasmal Infections and Various Clinical Conditions
... little is known about the involvement of mycoplasmas in the pathogenesis of chronic illnesses, it remains uncertain whether these findings indicate that some Mycoplasma species are causal agents, cofactors, or opportunistic (superinfections) in patients with immundisturbances. Since mycoplasmas can ...
... little is known about the involvement of mycoplasmas in the pathogenesis of chronic illnesses, it remains uncertain whether these findings indicate that some Mycoplasma species are causal agents, cofactors, or opportunistic (superinfections) in patients with immundisturbances. Since mycoplasmas can ...
as a PDF
... sentinels for innate immune detection of pathogenic infections, by recognizing various conserved molecular motifs termed “pathogen-associated molecular patterns” (PAMPs) [3]. PRRs activate production of various cytokines and chemokines, allowing adaptation of the host environment for mounting an ide ...
... sentinels for innate immune detection of pathogenic infections, by recognizing various conserved molecular motifs termed “pathogen-associated molecular patterns” (PAMPs) [3]. PRRs activate production of various cytokines and chemokines, allowing adaptation of the host environment for mounting an ide ...
Amniotic Derived Stem Cells: Role and Function in Regenerative
... amniotic fluid sea as partially undifferentiated stem cells [5]. AFDSCs display many morphologies and behaviors. They vary with gestational age and fetal development. In most conditions the amount of amniotic fluid cells increases as gestation advances. If a fetal disease is present amniotic fluid c ...
... amniotic fluid sea as partially undifferentiated stem cells [5]. AFDSCs display many morphologies and behaviors. They vary with gestational age and fetal development. In most conditions the amount of amniotic fluid cells increases as gestation advances. If a fetal disease is present amniotic fluid c ...
Chapter 15 The Lymphatic System and Immunity
... – Activated B cell, by dividing repeatedly, forms two clones of cells—plasma (effector) cells and memory cells – Plasma cells secrete antibodies into blood; memory cells are stored in lymph nodes – If subsequent exposure to antigen that activated B cell occurs, memory cells become plasma cells and s ...
... – Activated B cell, by dividing repeatedly, forms two clones of cells—plasma (effector) cells and memory cells – Plasma cells secrete antibodies into blood; memory cells are stored in lymph nodes – If subsequent exposure to antigen that activated B cell occurs, memory cells become plasma cells and s ...
Liver immunology and its role in inflammation and
... producers of inflammatory mediators in the body. KCs account for up to 90% of the total population of fixed macrophages in the body and constitute almost a third of the non-parenchymal cells in the liver.14 KCs are equipped with a massive array of PPRs,15 complement receptors16 and Fc receptors,17 thr ...
... producers of inflammatory mediators in the body. KCs account for up to 90% of the total population of fixed macrophages in the body and constitute almost a third of the non-parenchymal cells in the liver.14 KCs are equipped with a massive array of PPRs,15 complement receptors16 and Fc receptors,17 thr ...
Doctoral thesis from the Department of Immunology, the Wenner-Gren Institute,
... more important. Human natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells involved in the control of virus-infected cells and can influence adaptive immunity mainly through cytokine production. This thesis aimed at investigating function and phenotype of NK cells in children from birth and during earl ...
... more important. Human natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells involved in the control of virus-infected cells and can influence adaptive immunity mainly through cytokine production. This thesis aimed at investigating function and phenotype of NK cells in children from birth and during earl ...
Activation of cytokines corroborate with development of
... antibodies and (ii) a cellular immune response, where CD8+ T cells with cytotoxic and macrophages are activated. CD4+ lymphocytes participate in both responses by antigen recognition and their subsequent differentiation into effector T helper type 1 (Th1) or Th2 subsets. Th1 cells facilitate the cyt ...
... antibodies and (ii) a cellular immune response, where CD8+ T cells with cytotoxic and macrophages are activated. CD4+ lymphocytes participate in both responses by antigen recognition and their subsequent differentiation into effector T helper type 1 (Th1) or Th2 subsets. Th1 cells facilitate the cyt ...
... A comprehension of the genetics of host resistance to malaria is essential to understanding the complexity of the host immune response and its interaction with the parasite infection. Current research is directed towards dissection of host genetic factors involved in both the host immune response an ...
Genetic background affects susceptibility in nonfatal pneumococcal bronchopneumonia J.A. Preston , K.W. Beagley
... beginning. Preliminary data suggest that neutrophil influx and increased tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue are important in pneumococcal clearance [17, 18]. There is increasing evidence that links the outcome of infectious disease to variations in t ...
... beginning. Preliminary data suggest that neutrophil influx and increased tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue are important in pneumococcal clearance [17, 18]. There is increasing evidence that links the outcome of infectious disease to variations in t ...
Subretinal space and vitreous cavity as immunologically
... the anatomic site of implantation. Although histocompatibility antigens (known to be potent inducers of systemic immunity) are normally expressed sparsely in the neural retina and other neural tissue, the expression of such molecules is upregulated after transplantation.2 We have demonstrated in mic ...
... the anatomic site of implantation. Although histocompatibility antigens (known to be potent inducers of systemic immunity) are normally expressed sparsely in the neural retina and other neural tissue, the expression of such molecules is upregulated after transplantation.2 We have demonstrated in mic ...
MHC Chpt. 7
... – Its products play role in discriminating self/non-self – Participant in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity ...
... – Its products play role in discriminating self/non-self – Participant in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity ...
full text pdf
... inflammatory stimuli, e.g., lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and require post-translational processing by active caspase-1 to exert their biological functions [5]. Since the mature forms of IL-1β and IL-18 are potent proinflammatory cytokines of the innate immune system, inflammasomes are considered to pl ...
... inflammatory stimuli, e.g., lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and require post-translational processing by active caspase-1 to exert their biological functions [5]. Since the mature forms of IL-1β and IL-18 are potent proinflammatory cytokines of the innate immune system, inflammasomes are considered to pl ...
Review Article Mechanisms of action of CD20 antibodies
... [52]. RTX efficiently binds C1q, activates complement in vitro and induce complementdependent cytotoxicity (CDC) in lymphoma cell lines and primary tumor cells [11, 53]. A number of studies suggest a beneficial role for complement during RTX therapy, often based on the detection of tumor evasion mec ...
... [52]. RTX efficiently binds C1q, activates complement in vitro and induce complementdependent cytotoxicity (CDC) in lymphoma cell lines and primary tumor cells [11, 53]. A number of studies suggest a beneficial role for complement during RTX therapy, often based on the detection of tumor evasion mec ...
KUOPION YLIOPISTON JULKAISUJA C. LUONNONTIETEET JA YMPÄRISTÖTIETEET 264
... hormone that binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily expressed in many cell types, and modulates a variety of biological functions. 1α,25(OH)2D3 is essential for bone and mineral homeostasis but also regulates growth and differentiation of multiple cell ty ...
... hormone that binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily expressed in many cell types, and modulates a variety of biological functions. 1α,25(OH)2D3 is essential for bone and mineral homeostasis but also regulates growth and differentiation of multiple cell ty ...
poster - Natural Killer Cell Symposium
... Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that deliver a selective cytotoxic effect against target cells such as virally infected and tumor cells. NK cell function involves cytokine secretion and tissue remodeling. NK cellular cytotoxicity is delicately balanced by signal ...
... Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that deliver a selective cytotoxic effect against target cells such as virally infected and tumor cells. NK cell function involves cytokine secretion and tissue remodeling. NK cellular cytotoxicity is delicately balanced by signal ...
Here - European Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Society
... the category “immunology, microbiology and virology”. All this is meant to emphasize that immunology is very close to our hearts. Needless to say that many of us have had a strong and long-standing interest in macrophages and dendritic cells. This year´s EMDS meeting focusses on the interaction of m ...
... the category “immunology, microbiology and virology”. All this is meant to emphasize that immunology is very close to our hearts. Needless to say that many of us have had a strong and long-standing interest in macrophages and dendritic cells. This year´s EMDS meeting focusses on the interaction of m ...
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
... a potential role for viral infections in the progression and/or exacerbation of lung fibrosis (10, 11). Viruses and other intracellular pathogens can cause apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis (12). However, at present, it is unclear to wha ...
... a potential role for viral infections in the progression and/or exacerbation of lung fibrosis (10, 11). Viruses and other intracellular pathogens can cause apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis (12). However, at present, it is unclear to wha ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.