Chapter 43 – The Immune System
... Innate immunity consists of external barriers formed by the skin and mucous membranes, plus a set of internal cellular and chemical defenses that defend against microbes that breach the external barriers. ...
... Innate immunity consists of external barriers formed by the skin and mucous membranes, plus a set of internal cellular and chemical defenses that defend against microbes that breach the external barriers. ...
Innate immunity
... mechanism of the phagocytes. It involves both the consumption of oxygen and specific aminoacids to produce toxic compounds. • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) include H2O2, O2.-, O. and are generated by the NADPH oxidase. Those compounds are able to destroy/destabilize all major classes of biomolecules ...
... mechanism of the phagocytes. It involves both the consumption of oxygen and specific aminoacids to produce toxic compounds. • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) include H2O2, O2.-, O. and are generated by the NADPH oxidase. Those compounds are able to destroy/destabilize all major classes of biomolecules ...
CD4+ Cell
... Immunologic self-tolerance to islet b cells is normally maintained by CD4+ regulatory Th2 T cells, which suppress the activation of CD4+ autoreactive Th1 T cells. In IDDM, a Th1/Th2 imbalance occurs in the thymus and periphery and leads to a progressive elimination of function of regulatory Th2 T ce ...
... Immunologic self-tolerance to islet b cells is normally maintained by CD4+ regulatory Th2 T cells, which suppress the activation of CD4+ autoreactive Th1 T cells. In IDDM, a Th1/Th2 imbalance occurs in the thymus and periphery and leads to a progressive elimination of function of regulatory Th2 T ce ...
Antibody Structure and B Cell Diversity
... IgG ANTIBODY OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE * Second isotype produced in primary response * Primary isotype of * Secondary immune response * Memory immune response ...
... IgG ANTIBODY OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE * Second isotype produced in primary response * Primary isotype of * Secondary immune response * Memory immune response ...
Document
... i. Initiates and activates the response to an offending agent. c. Adaptive Immunity i. Creates a response that specifically neutralizes or kills that agent. ii. 2 Major Mechanisms of Adaptive Immunity 1. Cell mediated (cytotoxicity) immunity 2. Humoral (antibody) immunity iii. Cytokines have a vital ...
... i. Initiates and activates the response to an offending agent. c. Adaptive Immunity i. Creates a response that specifically neutralizes or kills that agent. ii. 2 Major Mechanisms of Adaptive Immunity 1. Cell mediated (cytotoxicity) immunity 2. Humoral (antibody) immunity iii. Cytokines have a vital ...
Slide 1
... against intracellular bugs (like TB and fungi). • Cell-mediated immunity (good) can coexist with DTH (bad)! • Patients with AIDS: • Lack CD4+ cells • So have poor cell-mediated immune response! • Macrophages sit there unactivated; can’t kill bugs. ...
... against intracellular bugs (like TB and fungi). • Cell-mediated immunity (good) can coexist with DTH (bad)! • Patients with AIDS: • Lack CD4+ cells • So have poor cell-mediated immune response! • Macrophages sit there unactivated; can’t kill bugs. ...
Blood PPT
... 5. Inflammation -confines & removes microbes at point of damage and repairs tissue. 6. Fever - slows microbial growth & speeds repair. ...
... 5. Inflammation -confines & removes microbes at point of damage and repairs tissue. 6. Fever - slows microbial growth & speeds repair. ...
Spring Semester Final Review Sheet
... Human Growth Hormone: released by the pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones, muscles, & other organs. Thyroxine: released by the thyroid gland; maintains metabolism; regulates rate of oxygen use by cells. Insulin: released by the pancreas; helps cells take in glucose. Adrenaline: released by t ...
... Human Growth Hormone: released by the pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones, muscles, & other organs. Thyroxine: released by the thyroid gland; maintains metabolism; regulates rate of oxygen use by cells. Insulin: released by the pancreas; helps cells take in glucose. Adrenaline: released by t ...
Lesson Plan - The Vaccine Makers Project
... in Lesson 3.) Innate immune system defenses include passive barriers, such as the skin and mucous membranes, as well as active cellular and biochemical responses. The castle and moat analogy is a good model for the innate immune system’s barriers to pathogens. In this lesson, students conduct an act ...
... in Lesson 3.) Innate immune system defenses include passive barriers, such as the skin and mucous membranes, as well as active cellular and biochemical responses. The castle and moat analogy is a good model for the innate immune system’s barriers to pathogens. In this lesson, students conduct an act ...
43_DetailLectOut_jkAR
... Innate immunity consists of external barriers formed by the skin and mucous membranes, plus a set of internal cellular and chemical defenses that defend against microbes that breach the external barriers. The internal defenses include macrophages and other phagocytic cells that ingest and destro ...
... Innate immunity consists of external barriers formed by the skin and mucous membranes, plus a set of internal cellular and chemical defenses that defend against microbes that breach the external barriers. The internal defenses include macrophages and other phagocytic cells that ingest and destro ...
Dead cell-associated antigens
... Capture of lymph borne viruses and guide them to presentation and activation of B cell ...
... Capture of lymph borne viruses and guide them to presentation and activation of B cell ...
Microbiology: Major Histocompatability Complex (MHC) pg. 1 Marc
... “major” factor to overcome to make sure the tissue is “histocompatible”. It’s called a “complex” because several genes on chromosome 6 are linked together that encode the proteins that comprise it. While transplantation immunology was how MHCs were discovered, their main function is to display pepti ...
... “major” factor to overcome to make sure the tissue is “histocompatible”. It’s called a “complex” because several genes on chromosome 6 are linked together that encode the proteins that comprise it. While transplantation immunology was how MHCs were discovered, their main function is to display pepti ...
5 dent inflammation and mucosal immunity
... 1. Mucosal immunity presents distinct features compared to the systemic immunity It has been suggested that the mucosal immunity, as an ancient immune system is the original vertebrate immune system and the spleen or other lymph nodes of the body are later specializations. It is further supported by ...
... 1. Mucosal immunity presents distinct features compared to the systemic immunity It has been suggested that the mucosal immunity, as an ancient immune system is the original vertebrate immune system and the spleen or other lymph nodes of the body are later specializations. It is further supported by ...
Slide 1
... enthusiasts and athletes who engage in regular exercise training while avoiding overreaching/overtraining. Although it naturally follows that infection risk should in some way be linked to acute and chronic exercise-induced alterations in immunity, attempts thus far to measure this association have ...
... enthusiasts and athletes who engage in regular exercise training while avoiding overreaching/overtraining. Although it naturally follows that infection risk should in some way be linked to acute and chronic exercise-induced alterations in immunity, attempts thus far to measure this association have ...
New weapons in the fight against HIV
... Redesigned receptor The Cardiff scientists targeted part of a protein that is essential to the functioning of HIV – a small part of the p17 Gag protein called SL9, which has a vital role in holding the virus together. When HIV infects cells, the SL9 molecule can act as a molecular fingerprint for im ...
... Redesigned receptor The Cardiff scientists targeted part of a protein that is essential to the functioning of HIV – a small part of the p17 Gag protein called SL9, which has a vital role in holding the virus together. When HIV infects cells, the SL9 molecule can act as a molecular fingerprint for im ...
Charley Lineweaver: Presentation
... This therapy should be most effective in cases of strong immunosuppression. The more advanced the cancer, the more immunosuppressed the patient and the more difference there is between normal and tumor cells in terms of communication with the adaptive immune system. Thus, this therapy may complement ...
... This therapy should be most effective in cases of strong immunosuppression. The more advanced the cancer, the more immunosuppressed the patient and the more difference there is between normal and tumor cells in terms of communication with the adaptive immune system. Thus, this therapy may complement ...
Chapter_22_Lymphatic_System
... glycoproteins found on the surface of cells. Unique for each genetically different individual – serve as identity markers. • B and T-cell receptors do not elicit any response against body's own MHCs, but when the MHC is attached to a foreign antigen it initiates an immune response in the body. • Two ...
... glycoproteins found on the surface of cells. Unique for each genetically different individual – serve as identity markers. • B and T-cell receptors do not elicit any response against body's own MHCs, but when the MHC is attached to a foreign antigen it initiates an immune response in the body. • Two ...
Cancer Prevention - Steven Chaney 2014
... University of North Carolina where he taught first year medical students as well as headed an active cancer research program for 30 years. Dr. Chaney has published over 95 papers in peer reviewed scientific journals, plus 12 reviews and two chapters on nutrition for one of the leading biochemistry t ...
... University of North Carolina where he taught first year medical students as well as headed an active cancer research program for 30 years. Dr. Chaney has published over 95 papers in peer reviewed scientific journals, plus 12 reviews and two chapters on nutrition for one of the leading biochemistry t ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.