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Tumor antigens
Tumor antigens

... specific antibodies by host B-cells - These specific antibodies bind together on tumor cell surface leading to destruction of tumor through: a- Antibody mediated-cytotoxicity : kill ...
nature angiogenic awakening 8-2
nature angiogenic awakening 8-2

... that were genetically engineered to have excessive microvascular sprouting, they observed enhanced proliferation of the cells adjacent to new blood-vessel tips. Angiogenesis — the growth of new blood vessels — is crucial to the ability of tumours and metastases to thrive8,9. Ghajar and colleagues’ f ...
Printer-Friendly Version - ian@doctor
Printer-Friendly Version - ian@doctor

... MHC-II is very similar and is made up of an and achain, both of which are coded for by the MHC region in chromosome 6. Each chain has two domains; 1 and 1 form the peptide binding cleft and both 2 and 2 are membrane bound. ...
3- Opportunistic Infections associated with AIDS
3- Opportunistic Infections associated with AIDS

... During the early period after primary infection, there is widespread dissemination of virus and a sharp decrease in the number of CD4 T cells in peripheral blood. An immune response to HIV ensues, with a decrease in detectable viremia followed by a prolonged period of clinical latency. Sensitive ass ...
BioLegend Enters License Agreement with Sanquin for Peptide
BioLegend Enters License Agreement with Sanquin for Peptide

... assigning a unique two-color coding to each MHC/peptide combination it is possible to detect multiple antigen-specific T cells with a single small volume of sample. We believe this approach will enable the scientific community to achieve their goals more quickly, easily and affordably than ever befo ...
Tolerance - BHS116.3 Physiology III
Tolerance - BHS116.3 Physiology III

... • Describe autoimmune diseases, concentrating on the role of immunity in their pathogenesis. • Readings: Robbins, Chapter 5 ...
antibody
antibody

... In this approach, a MoAb is prepared against a given tumour antigen.  Rather than using it for immunotherapy directly, it is used to inoculate mice, which produces a second antibody against the idiotypic site of original antibody(anti-idiotype).  After cloning and administration to patients, this ...
28-lymphoma-and-lymphoproliferative-feb-2014
28-lymphoma-and-lymphoproliferative-feb-2014

...  Once a light chain gene has been effectively rearranged, immunoglobulin is expressed on the surface  There is a greater degree of genetic rearrangement occuring in Bcells that make B cell lymphomas far more common than T-cells ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

...  Fever – a rise in body temperature due to the inability of the white blood cells to completely destroy a pathogen  Antigen – molecules that the immune system recognizes as not part of the body (foreign) ...
Defense Lecture Study ppt. part 2 File
Defense Lecture Study ppt. part 2 File

... recombination of gene segments • Hypervariable regions of some genes increase antibody variation through somatic mutations • Each plasma cell can switch the type of H chain produced, making an antibody of a different class ...
Designing a dendritic cell–based therapy for
Designing a dendritic cell–based therapy for

... normally expressed in male germ cells but not in adult somatic tissues. In malignancy, this gene regulation is disrupted, resulting in cancer/testis antigen expression in a proportion ...
by Stanley A. Plotkin
by Stanley A. Plotkin

... 2. However, almost all current vaccines work through antibodies in serum or on mucosa that block infection or bacteremia/viremia and thus provide a mechanistic correlate of protection 3. The functional characteristics of antibodies as well as quantity are important. 4. Antibody may be highly correla ...
ETP: The Immune System
ETP: The Immune System

... concentration of a solute. The approximate concentration should be known at the start of the experiment before the appropriate number and amount of dilutions can be made. In order to arrive at the desired concentration, use serial dilutions, instead of making one big dilution, in order to finally ar ...
Antibiotics: When They Can and Can`t Help
Antibiotics: When They Can and Can`t Help

... to T helper lymphocytes, thus activating them. In the second step, these T cells further activate both B cells and cytotoxic T cells. In the third step, B lymphocytes begin producing antibodies, which bind to antigens, and immobilise them. Also, cytotoxic T cells do their job by killing the body’s o ...
The Immune System - Body Defenses
The Immune System - Body Defenses

... Defend against bacteria, bacterial toxins, and viruses that circulate freely in body fluids, before they enter cells Also cause certain reactions against transplanted tissue Antibody-Mediated (Humoral) Immunity 1000s of different B cells, each recognizes a different antigen on the surface of a macro ...
Innate lymphoid cells: identification of their role in allergic asthma
Innate lymphoid cells: identification of their role in allergic asthma

... that has never been adequately addressed by the Th2 paradigm is the observation that respiratory pathogens, which can engender robust innate and/or Th1 responses, can initiate and promulgate pulmonary inflammation and airway obstruction in asthma. Rhinovirus, RSV and influenza virus and Mycoplasma p ...
ppt - Komion
ppt - Komion

... Rapid action 0-4 hours Non-specific – same response each time No memory – same response at each encounter • May destruct the antigen ...
Allergy Treatment
Allergy Treatment

... a variety of white blood cell sub-types. ...
Preparation of Vaccines
Preparation of Vaccines

Department of Surgery Research Day
Department of Surgery Research Day

Chapter 21 - next2eden.net
Chapter 21 - next2eden.net

... a. T cells bind to and phagocytose antigens. b. Antibodies immobilize the antigens for T cell recognition and destruction. c. Antigen-presenting cells link antigenic peptides to MHC proteins to which T cells will attach. d. T cells wait in the blood until an antigen collides with them and binds to t ...
Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology
Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology

Vaksin dan sera
Vaksin dan sera

... DNA Vaccines DNA vaccines are at present experimental, but hold promise for future therapy since they will evoke both humoral and cellmediated immunity, without the dangers associated with live virus vaccines. The gene for an antigenic determinant of a pathogenic organism is inserted into a plasmid ...
Transplantation - Shandong University
Transplantation - Shandong University

... • Difference of HLA types is the main cause of human grafts rejection ...
T CELL DEFICIENCY - immunology.unideb.hu
T CELL DEFICIENCY - immunology.unideb.hu

... Interactions of B cell activation factor of the TNF family receptor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) with their receptors BAFF-R, transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating ligand (CAML) interactor (TACI) and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) control B cell development and homeo ...
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Adaptive immune system



The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.
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