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Control of neutrophil inflammation at mucosal surfaces by secreted
Control of neutrophil inflammation at mucosal surfaces by secreted

How some mycoplasmas evade host immune responses. Microbe 2
How some mycoplasmas evade host immune responses. Microbe 2

... Volume 2, Number 11, 2007 / Microbe Y 537 ...
Human NK cell lytic granules and regulation of their exocytosis
Human NK cell lytic granules and regulation of their exocytosis

Role of Estrogen nuclear receptor (ER) in T helper cells
Role of Estrogen nuclear receptor (ER) in T helper cells

THE INFLUENCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCIN T (StT) ON THE MOUSE
THE INFLUENCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCIN T (StT) ON THE MOUSE

Stress and autoimmunity
Stress and autoimmunity

... Ultraviolet light exposure Drugs ...
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SPLEEN
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SPLEEN

... Recently, various publications have reported that whether marginal-zone B cells or follicular B cells are generated is a cell-fate decision of mature B cells that is controlled by signalling through Notch proteins and by the activity of E proteins90,91. In the absence of Notch-2 or RBP-J (Igκ joinin ...
Improving Pharmaceutical Protein Production in Oryza sativa
Improving Pharmaceutical Protein Production in Oryza sativa

This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The

Immunometabolism governs dendritic cell and macrophage function
Immunometabolism governs dendritic cell and macrophage function

bacterial fimbriae adherence
bacterial fimbriae adherence

... Cross-Linking Red Blood Cells RBC ...
Proinflammatory cytokine signaling required for the generation of
Proinflammatory cytokine signaling required for the generation of

Immunometabolism governs dendritic cell and macrophage function
Immunometabolism governs dendritic cell and macrophage function

handout
handout

... hypersensitivity diseases (i.e. it is neither a good example of type III nor of type II). Moreover, the different pathways of glomerular injury (by circulating or in-situ immune complex formation) are not mutually exclusive and in humans more than one mechanism may contribute to injury. For example, ...
Pathogenic enteric Gram
Pathogenic enteric Gram

... the normal flora. Such virulence factors can be characterized as follows, the capacity to adhere to specific mammalian cells; the ability to invade and grow intracellularly in intestinal epithelial cells; the secretion of one or more enterotoxins that cause fluid loss, resulting diarrhea; the format ...
Enterovirus typing by immune electronmicroscopy
Enterovirus typing by immune electronmicroscopy

Chapter 4 - Dr. Jerry Cronin
Chapter 4 - Dr. Jerry Cronin

... • It forms a scaffolding used by cells of lymphoid tissues such as the spleen and ...
- 13th International Workshop on Langerhans Cells
- 13th International Workshop on Langerhans Cells

... The fact that the Nobel Prize in Medicine 2011 was awarded to Ralph M. Steinman "for his discovery  of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity" underlines the importance of dendritic cells.  Dendritic cells, including epidermal skin Langerhans cells are considered to be master regulator ...
The promise of immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell
The promise of immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell

... Although both CTLA-4 and PD-1 are inhibitory coreceptors expressed on T cells, they have distinct ligands and functions. After antigen-driven T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T-cell activation,13 CTLA-4 binds to ligands cluster of differentiation 80 (CD80) and cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86)14 an ...
Pathophysiology Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Pathophysiology Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Endogenous collagen peptide activation of CD1d
Endogenous collagen peptide activation of CD1d

... usually activated by CD1d-presented lipid antigens. However, peptide recognition in the context of CD1 has also been documented, although no self-peptide ligands have been reported to date. Here, we have identified an endogenous peptide that is presented by CD1d to activate mouse NKT cells. This pep ...
Th1 Immune Response Induction by Biogenic Selenium
Th1 Immune Response Induction by Biogenic Selenium

... have been used for oral supplementation with different health benefits (8). Elemental Se in the Se0 state is an insoluble metalloid compound that can be chemically or biologically produced at nano-scales (10). The toxicity of elemental Se at nano scale is reported to be lower than selenate (Se2+) or ...
Antibody learning primer File
Antibody learning primer File

... The specificity of antibodies derives from the N-terminal Ig domains of each chain, which pair with each other. These variable (V) domains, like those of TCR chains, can have many different amino acid sequences and are generated during B cell development from multiple gene segments along with variat ...
The role of HIV-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in
The role of HIV-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in

... HIV Env on the surfaces of infected cells. Further, the absence of viral aggregates in the presence of Vpu or when surface Tetherin is not expressed results in the enhanced binding of antibodies, which may further enhance ADCC by acting as a directed mechanism for FcgRIIIa signalling. A study by Ari ...
A regulatory dendritic cell signature correlates with the clinical
A regulatory dendritic cell signature correlates with the clinical

< 1 ... 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 ... 514 >

Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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