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The Influence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D on the Cross-Priming of Lymphocytic
The Influence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D on the Cross-Priming of Lymphocytic

... enzymes required to convert the inactive precursor, vitamin D3, into biologically active 1,25(OH)2D3. The presence of 1,25-(OH)2D3 has been found to affect the expression of several immune genes, such as tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) [1], interferon-γ (IFN-γ) [2-3], and interleukin-10 (IL-10) prod ...
Extracellular membrane vesicles as a mechanism of cell-to
Extracellular membrane vesicles as a mechanism of cell-to

... analogous processes of budding from the cell surface, they also vary in molecular composition and function depending on the cell of origin. EVs express an array of proteins that differ from those on the surface of the cells from which they originate. Intracellular factors influence EV shedding, incl ...
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Nonspecific Defenses
Nonspecific Defenses

... If you have a cut on your hand, the break in the skin provides a way for pathogens to enter your body. Assume bacteria enter through the cut and infect the wound. These bacteria would then encounter the body’s second line of defense. ...
DERC_Members
DERC_Members

... Research focuses on CVD in T1DM and the associated risk factors that apply in the general, to develop a clearer understanding of the mechanisms and consequences of insulin resistance in T1D, and finally to take this understanding “to the bedside” in order to achieve improved management of T1D. ...
Abundance of Early Functional HIV-Specific CD8 T Cells Does Not
Abundance of Early Functional HIV-Specific CD8 T Cells Does Not

... analyses using Cox proportional hazard analysis. When adjusted, respectively, for HIV-1 RNA load, total CD4+ T-cell counts, Ki67 expression on CD4+ T cells, and/or the activation status of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, high numbers of cytokine-producing Gag-specific CD8+ T cells one year after seroconversio ...
Poster Abstracts - Midwinter Conference of Immunologists
Poster Abstracts - Midwinter Conference of Immunologists

... Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes 30% of cancers attributable to infectious pathogens. HPV16 causes most cervical, anal, vaginal, vulvar, and oropharyngeal cancers. Although preventive vaccines targeting HPV16 and 18 are available, rates of vaccination are uneven. The incidence of HPV-associated can ...
An intestinal commensal symbiosis factor controls
An intestinal commensal symbiosis factor controls

... orally treated with PBS or PSA. Consistent with MFI trends in Fig. 2, representative histograms showed that PSA stimulated CD39 signal on CD4 T cells via TLR2 at both CLNs (Fig. 3A) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) (Fig. 3B). To determine whether the TLR2-dependent PSA expansion of CD39+ CD4 T cell ...
SAG-2 oral  rabies vaccine A. J.  BARRAT
SAG-2 oral rabies vaccine A. J. BARRAT

... nucleotides in the codon of the amino acid at position 333 resulting in the replacement of arginine by glutamic acid. The resulting double mutant SAG-2 lost the residual pathogenicity that characterizes in varying degrees its predecessors (ERA, SADBerne, SAD B19 Tubingen, SAD Potsdam 5/88). This eff ...
Mycobacteria, genes and the `hygiene hypothesis`
Mycobacteria, genes and the `hygiene hypothesis`

... [68,69], a genetic contribution to the inverse relationship between mycobacterial infection and the development of allergy and asthma is very plausible. Nramp1, a gene that determines resistance to mycobacteria [69], is associated with atopy in mice [70] and humans [71] and with autoimmune disease i ...
Virtual Screening of Potential Drug-like Inhibitors against MexB Efflux Protein
Virtual Screening of Potential Drug-like Inhibitors against MexB Efflux Protein

... INTRODUCTION ...
Melatonin protects against experimental immune ovarian failure in
Melatonin protects against experimental immune ovarian failure in

... Several ovarian disorders in women including premature ovarian failure [8, 17, 18], polycystic ovary syndrome (in which immunological disturbances may be secondary; [8, 20]), some types of oophoritis [20] or unexplained infertility [8, 17] are associated with autoimmune factors. They have been repor ...
Bee venom therapy and Parkinson disease
Bee venom therapy and Parkinson disease

... How Is BV Supposed to Work in PD? Apamine and other bee venom components have a neuroprotective effect on dopaminergic neurons in the experimental PD model as:  Improves the survival percentage of tyrosine hydroxylase, which is the enzyme responsible for he conversion of the amino acid L-tyrosine ...
The Trojan exosome hypothesis - Gene
The Trojan exosome hypothesis - Gene

... viruses by (i) the selective proliferation of B cells that secrete neutralizing antibodies (primarily IgGs) able to block Env-mediated entry and (ii) the selective proliferation of virus-reactive T cell clones that detect and kill infected cells, amplify the antiviral immune response, and provide im ...
Lennert et al
Lennert et al

... genes, immunogloblin genes and T-cell receptor genes is a major cause of human lymphoma. Available evidence suggests that more than a single genetic misadventure is required for tumour induction. The remarkable progress in understanding the molecular events in lymphomagenesis achieved in the past se ...
hepatitis virus
hepatitis virus

...  These areas have high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma- hepatoma.  HBV is a tumor associated virus  Immunization against HBV in Taiwan has decreased the incidence of hepatoma.  HBV vaccine: first vaccine against human cancer ...
Treg
Treg

Gut microbial short-chain fatty acids in host defense and immune
Gut microbial short-chain fatty acids in host defense and immune

... Our guts are inhabited by an enormous number of commensal bacteria, commonly referred to as the gut microbiota. Complex host-gut microbiota interactions are involved in the formation of the unique “gut ecosystem”. This ecosystem is thought to play a variety of roles in host physiology and pathology, ...
Regulatory T cell phenotype and function 4 with type 1 diabetes
Regulatory T cell phenotype and function 4 with type 1 diabetes

... of the pancreas. Immunomodulatory approaches to prevent or treat T1D have been developed and tested with variable results [1-4]. Autoantigens may be used to induce immunologic tolerance as an alternative to immunosuppression [5]. Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 (GAD 65 ) is one of the main antigens t ...
RALPH STEINMAN AND THE DISCOVERY OF DENDRITIC CELLS
RALPH STEINMAN AND THE DISCOVERY OF DENDRITIC CELLS

... system distinguishes self from non-self. Burnet outlined the three cardinal features of immunity as Specificity, Diversity, and Memory. Specificity, going back to Ehrlich, meant immune responses that recognize one toxin do not cross-react with a different toxin. Diversity, a concept championed in th ...
Downloaded - The Journal of Immunology
Downloaded - The Journal of Immunology

... ELISPOT assay and ELISA To probe for B. burgdorferi-specific Ab-producing cells, 96-well plates (Multiscreen HA filtration; Millipore) were coated overnight with four immune prevalent recombinant B. burgdorferi proteins all generated based on the N40 sequence, 1 mg/ml DbpA and 2 mg/ml each for outer ...
Transcripts
Transcripts

... a sterile environment. And if you do that, those animals actually do live and can reproduce. However, interestingly enough, those animals grow at a very different rate than normal litter-made animals that would have that bacteria or normal commensal microbiota. So it’s very clear that having those m ...
REVIEW ARTICLE Viral Infections in Domestic Animals as Models
REVIEW ARTICLE Viral Infections in Domestic Animals as Models

Impact of treatment with methimazole on the Bcl
Impact of treatment with methimazole on the Bcl

... controlled. Just after ending the immunological response, the increased number of activated lymphocytes should return to the primary condition preserving the necessary number of long-living memory lymphocytes (CD45RA-/CD45RO+). These memory cells are necessary for their quick response to the same an ...
Training load and URTI - ACCEPTED MS Text 01-11
Training load and URTI - ACCEPTED MS Text 01-11

... for at least 2 weeks and had not taken any medication in the 4 weeks prior to the study. All ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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