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Recombinant protein fragments from haemorrhagic septicaemia
Recombinant protein fragments from haemorrhagic septicaemia

New Insights on the Pathogenesis of Invasive Cryptococcus neoformans
New Insights on the Pathogenesis of Invasive Cryptococcus neoformans

... and C57BL/6J mice are protective in C57BL/6J × 29Sv mice. This may be due to the antibodies having different effects in the context of different cell-mediated immune factors [12]. Another example of antibody interaction with other immune components is its effect on the innate complement system. Diff ...
Investigation of the humoral and cellular immune responses of
Investigation of the humoral and cellular immune responses of

... caused, their host species range and invasiveness. The first group comprises the highly pathogenic host adapted Salmonella strains S. gallinarum and S. pullorum which cause fowl typhoid and pullorum disease seen in poultry flocks worldwide. The second group includes the invasive serotypes of Salmone ...
Aalborg Universitet immune cells
Aalborg Universitet immune cells

... result in substantial PBDE accumulation in humans in the future. One of the commercial mixtures of PBDEs was the PentaBDE mixture DE-71. DE-71 consists of a specific combination of congeners similar to the combination found in dust and indoor air, two potential exposure pathways. This combination of ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... Friend’s retrovirus infection and provide a strong foundation for translating this concept on the importance of Tregs in more medically relevant lymphotropic viruses like HIV. Tregs in bacterial infections Similar to viruses, bacteria have evolved mechanisms to circumvent host immune responses. Part ...
Human Lymphatic Filariasis Cells Is Associated with Clinical
Human Lymphatic Filariasis Cells Is Associated with Clinical

... Comparison of Th9 responses reveals that individuals with pathology associated with filarial infection exhibit significantly expanded frequencies of filarial Ag-induced Th9 cells, but not of IL9+Th2 cells in comparison with filarial-infected individuals without associated disease. Moreover, the per ...
Chapter 13 The Lymphatic System and Immunity
Chapter 13 The Lymphatic System and Immunity

... • Natural immunity—exposure to causative agent is not deliberate ...
A monoclonal antibody against lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 decreases HIV-1
A monoclonal antibody against lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 decreases HIV-1

... mean = 0.3 for HIV-1 positive) that bound LFA-1 MAb (Figure 2). The percent of CD8+ T cells that bound LFA-1 MAb was significantly higher in HIV-1 positive subjects (p = 0.0151, Mann Whitney test) and correlated with the absolute CD8+ T cell count (p = 0.0011, Pearson correlation, data not shown). H ...
Lung inflammatory responses
Lung inflammatory responses

... active in inflammation are typically produced in response to infection by pathogenic microbes or environmental stressors. As a result of chemokine activation, leukocytes from the various tissue sites migrate into the affected lung tissues. The type of leukocyte attracted by the chemokines is importa ...
Rethinking the role of immunity: lessons from Hydra
Rethinking the role of immunity: lessons from Hydra

... All animals, ranging from simple invertebrates to primates, are host to complex microbial communities [11– 13]. Microbial colonization appears to be an essential step in vertebrate ontogeny, contributing to the maturation of the immune system and gut development [55–57]. Whether bacteria can coloniz ...
A) B - ETSU.edu
A) B - ETSU.edu

... in control of human innate to adaptive immune responses We expect to know: A) how HCV employ negative signaling molecules to establish chronic infection; B) why we care about this – its application in the HCV pathogenesis, treatment, and vaccine development ...
Brain-resident memory T cells represent an autonomous
Brain-resident memory T cells represent an autonomous

Unseen Forces: The Influence of Bacteria on Animal Development
Unseen Forces: The Influence of Bacteria on Animal Development

Entire conference report by Dr Ros Vallings
Entire conference report by Dr Ros Vallings

... work on biomarkers for CFS. The goal in CFS research has been to find a biomarker or combination of biomarkers. This will enhance the ability to diagnose and demonstrate severity of the illness, define subsets and help to manage trials. Natural killer (NK) cells were studied initially looking at fun ...
Introduction
Introduction

... good “teachers” of the immune system: • They elicit strong cellular and antibody responses and often confer lifelong immunity with only one or two doses. ...
Brain-resident memory T cells represent an autonomous cytotoxic
Brain-resident memory T cells represent an autonomous cytotoxic

Complement in the Brain
Complement in the Brain

... complement components can be locally produced in the brain, often in response to injury or developmental cues. However, as inflammatory reactions could interfere with proper functioning of the brain, tight and fine tuned regulatory mechanisms are warranted. In age related diseases, such as Alzheimer ...
Mycoplasma synoviae Infection in Chickens
Mycoplasma synoviae Infection in Chickens

... Thus, the recent trend is, with regard to the disease caused by M. synoviae, that more ...
Immunity Cells Predominate in Type 1 and Type 2 Single
Immunity Cells Predominate in Type 1 and Type 2 Single

Immunisation with proteins expressed during chronic
Immunisation with proteins expressed during chronic

... http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.038 0264-410X/© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ...
Measuring Cellular Immunity to Influenza: Methods of Detection
Measuring Cellular Immunity to Influenza: Methods of Detection

The Immuno-Endocrine System: Hormones, Receptors and
The Immuno-Endocrine System: Hormones, Receptors and

Chapter 4 Dendritic cells secrete and target MHC class II carrying
Chapter 4 Dendritic cells secrete and target MHC class II carrying

... Dendritic cells (DC) regulate the initiation of adaptive immune responses (reviewed in (1)) Pathogens that invade peripheral tissues are taken up by DC via endocytic mechanisms and transferred to endosomes/lysosomes for proteolytic processing, after which resulting peptides can be loaded onto Major ...
IMMUNOLOGY LEARNING OBJECTIVES
IMMUNOLOGY LEARNING OBJECTIVES

... into ER via TAP (transmemb molecule)  peptides bind to incompletely folded class I molecules  peptide binding induces conformational change in alpha chain causing it to dissociate from calnexin and to stabilize association with beta2m  peptide-MHC molecule packaged into secretory vesicle in Golgi ...
Active Infection and RIG-I Signaling Influenza A Virus Infection Is
Active Infection and RIG-I Signaling Influenza A Virus Infection Is

< 1 ... 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 ... 514 >

Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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