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HIV-specific antibody- dependent cellular cytotoxicity
HIV-specific antibody- dependent cellular cytotoxicity

No Slide Title - Mercury Science
No Slide Title - Mercury Science

... The saxitoxins encompass a family of more than 50 related neurotoxins. The main difference among congeners are how various side groups (H, OH, SO3-, or OSO3-) are attached to the backbone structure of the toxin. The chart on the right illustrates the specific side group configurations of the most co ...
Exosomes: Looking back three decades and into the future
Exosomes: Looking back three decades and into the future

Fruit flies learn to avoid odours associated with virulent infection
Fruit flies learn to avoid odours associated with virulent infection

... in quick succession [4,16]. Therefore, one would expect that the insect would learn to avoid all food-related cues encountered while the symptoms of infection are developing [4,16], possibly promoting preference for novel food sources. This study demonstrates that learned pathogen avoidance is possi ...
NIH Center for Human Immunology
NIH Center for Human Immunology

... aim was to become functional as quickly as possible. Because the CHI began life in the middle of a fiscal year, the majority of first-year funds were utilized to purchase the high-throughput machines needed for the platforms. Personnel for the administrative and clinical units were recruited efficie ...
1- Introduction
1- Introduction

Immune Support - Huntington College of Health Sciences
Immune Support - Huntington College of Health Sciences

nCounter® Vantage 3D™ RNA:Protein Immune Cell Profiling Assay
nCounter® Vantage 3D™ RNA:Protein Immune Cell Profiling Assay

... sample/bead loss. Removing residual liquid after flicking/blotting is not necessary. If buffer is removed by the pipetting method, remove as much of the residual buffer as possible to avoid leaving variable amounts of remaining buffer in the wells. Failure to do so may result in poor quality data. T ...
Molecular and functional characterization of the immunoreceptors CD300d and CD300f
Molecular and functional characterization of the immunoreceptors CD300d and CD300f

... substance from the non-selves. Furthermore, within the own once, this system has to be able to discriminate between healthy signals and those produced by stressed, damaged or otherwise malfunctioning cells, which can do harmful effects 2. ...
WHIP2015 book - Marine Biological Laboratory
WHIP2015 book - Marine Biological Laboratory

... “New   Paradigms   of  Host   Resistance   to   African   Trypanosomiasis”     12:15  –  13:30  LUNCH  SWOPE   LYMPHOCYTES  –  CHAIRs  Chris  Hunter  &  Georgia  Perona  Wright   13:30       Jennifer   Cnops    -­‐-­‐-­‐     NK,   NKT ...
Th17 development
Th17 development

... helper (Th) 17 cells. Its ligands IL-7 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) are suggested to play a role in regulating naive T cell differentiation into the different Th subsets. Of these subsets, Th17 cells are most recently discovered and associated with several immune disorders. This thesis di ...
Federica Chessa Dr. sc. hum. Dendritic cell function in different renal
Federica Chessa Dr. sc. hum. Dendritic cell function in different renal

... allograft rejection however, a cortex-specific gene signature appeared. Donor and host DCs, despite their different origin, activated a similar gene expression profile when localized in the same renal compartment, suggesting that tissue-specific factors might steer the functional state of DCs. Genes ...
IFN-g from CD4 T Cells Is Essential for Host Survival and Enhances
IFN-g from CD4 T Cells Is Essential for Host Survival and Enhances

Vaccine immunology - World Health Organization
Vaccine immunology - World Health Organization

... strength of the interaction. The avidity is the sum of the epitopespecific affinities for a given antigen. It directly relates to its function. Affinity maturation: Processes through which antigen-specific B cells undergo somatic hypermutation and affinity-based selection, resulting into B cells tha ...
Thesis MDV I S
Thesis MDV I S

... stimulation from peripheral inflammatory cytokines and the efferent release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). This circuit is called ‘the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway’ (CAP) because ACh binds to the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) in macrophages and inhibits th ...
TREM2-Transduced Myeloid Precursors Mediate Nervous Tissue
TREM2-Transduced Myeloid Precursors Mediate Nervous Tissue

... In multiple sclerosis, inflammation can successfully be prevented, while promoting repair is still a major challenge. Microglial cells, the resident phagocytes of the central nervous system (CNS), are hematopoietic-derived myeloid cells and express the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells ...
$doc.title

... CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) was recently shown to be a coreceptor used by T-cell-line-tropic (T-tropic) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strains to enter target cells (5, 27), whereas CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) allows the entry of macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) HIV strains (2, 9, 16, 20, 21 ...
NK cell development, homeostasis and function: parallels
NK cell development, homeostasis and function: parallels

determining the innate and adaptive immune responses to vesicular
determining the innate and adaptive immune responses to vesicular

... method is to use a live attenuated virus. Current examples would be the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), and the oral polio vaccines. These vaccines were generated by passage of the virus in alternative host cells to achieve attenuation by accumulation o ...
An Evaluation of the Efficiency of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus- In Vivo  by
An Evaluation of the Efficiency of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus- In Vivo by

... knowledge of immunity, as well as to apply these findings to vaccine development against infectious pathogens and tumors. ...
Inducible Activation of TLR4 Confers Resistance to
Inducible Activation of TLR4 Confers Resistance to

... hydrogen peroxide, the hydroxyl radical, and hypochlorous acid, that may be damaging to the lung. In contrast to infection, the activation of TLRs in the setting of noninfectious challenges such as ozone exposure (16), ischemia-reperfusion injury (17), and transplantation (18, 19) is thought to be d ...
Substance P and Antagonists of the Neurokinin
Substance P and Antagonists of the Neurokinin

... NK1Rs expressed on dopaminergic neurons. Subsequent internalization of the SP/NK1R complex activates a cascade of events that lead to the release of dopamine into the striatum40. SP and dopamine regulation work in a positive feedback mechanism as dopamine can potentiate the release of SP38,41. There ...
Natural killer cell cytotoxicity: how do they pull the trigger?
Natural killer cell cytotoxicity: how do they pull the trigger?

... In addition to acting as the focus of secretory lysosome exocytosis, the lytic synapse is the major site of NK receptor signalling that is initiated upon target cell recognition.17 Little is known about how NK receptor signalling cascades integrate with the polarized exocytosis of secretory lysosome ...
sv-lncs
sv-lncs

... The Artificial Immune System algorithm (AIRS) can be applied to classification problems, which is a very common real world data mining task. Most other artificial immune system research concerns unsupervised learning and clustering. The only other attempt to use immune systems for supervised learnin ...
Pathway Activation in Immune Cells Radiation Exposure Induces
Pathway Activation in Immune Cells Radiation Exposure Induces

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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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