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Pathway Activation in Immune Cells Radiation Exposure Induces
Pathway Activation in Immune Cells Radiation Exposure Induces

Allergy and immunity to fungal infections and colonization
Allergy and immunity to fungal infections and colonization

... or weakened immune system due to underlying disease, or to medical treatment (e.g. as in organ transplant recipients). Indeed, an increased prevalence in invasive mycoses was observed in patients after bone marrow or lung transplantation [5], and in patients with leukaemia or other haematological ma ...
MLN9708 in Relapsed and/or Refractory MM
MLN9708 in Relapsed and/or Refractory MM

... • Synergistic MM cell toxicity of lenalidomide (caspase 8) with Bortezomib (caspase 9>8) in vitro and in vivo (dual apoptotic signaling) • Phase I-II trials show that majority (58%) of patients refractory to either agent alone respond to the combination • Phase I-II trials show 100% response with 74 ...
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... New definitions needed as old definitions outdated by rapid progress in antibody technologies  More methods for humanizing antibodies  More technologies for discovery of human antibodies  Antibodies often engineered to improve their therapeutic potential ...
Production and Immunodiagnostic Applications of Antihuman Light
Production and Immunodiagnostic Applications of Antihuman Light

... chains as well as those associated with intact Ig proteins, ie, bound light chains. Other anti-CL antibodies were obtained that reacted only with free monoclonal or polyclonal light chains but not with intact monoclonal or polyclonal Ig molecules (Table 1). These reagents could detect in quantitativ ...
Fungal disease diagnosis and diagnostic tests in Mycology
Fungal disease diagnosis and diagnostic tests in Mycology

... samples, with identification of moulds, itraconazole and voriconazole susceptibility testing of Aspergillus spp., itraconazole and voriconazole blood concentrations. Tinea capitis (and other cutaneous fungal infections) Microscopy of skin, hair and nails, fungal culture and/or ...
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Mice that “conditionally” lack basophils, AT LAST
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... conflict of interest exists. Citation for this article: J Clin Invest. 2010;  120(8):2648–2651. doi:10.1172/JCI44058. ...
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The Role of a Cytophilic Factor from Challenged
The Role of a Cytophilic Factor from Challenged

Antoine Roquilly, MD (1-2), Alexis Broquet, PhD (1), Cedric Jacqueline,... Gautreau, PhD (3-4), Jean Pierre Segain, PhD (5), Pierre de... TLR-4 agonist in post-haemorrhage pneumonia: role of dendritic and natural...
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... TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Cergy Pontoise, France) and treated for 45 min at 37°C with 2 U of RQ1 DNase (Promega, Lyon, France). RNA (1 µg) was reverse-transcribed with Superscript III Reverse Transcriptase (Invitrogen). The cDNA (1 µl) was subjected to RT-qPCR in a Bio-Rad iCycler iQ system using ...
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Immune Recognition HLA-E, F, and G in Maternal

... NKG2A complex as an inhibitory receptor, recognizing this class Ib molecule by using as the target a .221 transfectant selectively expressing surface HLA-E (27). An interesting result that may connect the functions of HLA-E and G is the observation that when HLA-E is provided with the HLA-G-derived ...
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... together and in concert in living cells, focusing at the genome level. Students also will learn how to study genomes, inspect genome anatomies, analyze how genomes function and determine how genomes replicate and evolve. The course is structured to involve students directly in individual topics by c ...
"Cell"-ebrate Science Without Worksheets
"Cell"-ebrate Science Without Worksheets

... As a result of this activity, participants will be able to: • 1. identify 2 resources for supporting active student learning in science • 2. Describe 3 hands-on activities related to cell organelles. • 3. create an integrated unit for teaching about cells. ...
Regulators and signalling in insect haemocyte immunity
Regulators and signalling in insect haemocyte immunity

... Multicellular animals as well as humans are surrounded by a plethora of pathogens, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic. To defend themselves against pathogens, vertebrates have developed two interconnected powerful defence mechanisms, known as innate and acquired immunity. The acquired immune system is ...
free article - University of Kansas Medical Center
free article - University of Kansas Medical Center

... Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model typically involving rodents and sometimes non-human primates that models some aspects of MS. It can be generated through the peripheral activation (or passive administration) of CNS-antigen reactive T cells, resulting in multifocal i ...
Ribosomes in platelets protect the messenger
Ribosomes in platelets protect the messenger

... risk of tumor necrosis and toxicity resulting from virus reactivation.7 Second, autologous cytotoxic T cells expanded against EBV antigens have been tested, but the very frequent expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) and immunosuppressive cytokines by NK/T lymphoma cells could inhibit T-cel ...
34130-Review
34130-Review

... nucleus via the importin β protein. In the nucleus, the AhR-ligand complex detaches from the triplex protein (hsp90/XAP2/p23) to form a dimer with a nuclear protein responsible for AhR translocation, ARNT, which converts AhR to an active isoform with elevated affinity for DNA. Then, the AhR-ligandAR ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL) • Circulating in blood C-type lectin, contains multiple CRDs (carbohydrate recognition domain); • Member of collectin family of proteins, which contain both collagen-like and lectin (sugar-binding) domains. Other members of the family: surfactant proteins A and D in lun ...
Richness and diversity of mammalian fungal communities shape
Richness and diversity of mammalian fungal communities shape

... homeostasis between potential disease-causing organisms and resident microbial populations. Indeed, the immune system does not remain ignorant of commensal, passenger (transient), or opportunistic fungi, and sensing these different fungi through PRRs serve to ensure that both the symbiotic host–micr ...
A Doctor`s Guide to a Healthy Immune System
A Doctor`s Guide to a Healthy Immune System

... to make this distinction and reacts destructively against the body’s own cells. The result may be an autoimmune disease, which can be fatal. Adaptive immune responses involve specialized white blood cells called lymphocytes. There are two different types of such responses — antibody responses and ce ...
Therapies for Chronic Lyme Disease Kent Holtorf, MD
Therapies for Chronic Lyme Disease Kent Holtorf, MD

... • Doubling rates for Staph and Strep are about 20 minutes; Borrelia takes 12-24 hours (35-75 times longer--can be much longer when antibiotics are introduced) • The standard 10-14 days of antibiotics needed to reliably clear most “regular” infections would require the antibiotic to be present 24 hou ...
6- review article Tolou.indd
6- review article Tolou.indd

... initial events result in cytokine-dependent proliferation, differentiation and maturation of functional subsets of T-cells and B-cells that secrete immunoglobulin (1, 20, 21). These cytokines not only serve as ligands for cellular receptors that generate and regulate the immune response, but they ma ...
Virus-Bacteria Interactions: An Emerging Topic in Human Infection
Virus-Bacteria Interactions: An Emerging Topic in Human Infection

Gold, M.C., M.W. Munks, M. Wagner, C.W. McMahon, A. Kelly, D.G. Kavanagh, M.K. Slifka, U.H. Koszinowski, D.H. Raulet, and A.B. Hill. 2004. Murine cytomegalovirus interference with antigen presentation has little effect on the size or the effector memory phenotype of the CD8 T cell response. J Immunol 172:6944-6953. 
Gold, M.C., M.W. Munks, M. Wagner, C.W. McMahon, A. Kelly, D.G. Kavanagh, M.K. Slifka, U.H. Koszinowski, D.H. Raulet, and A.B. Hill. 2004. Murine cytomegalovirus interference with antigen presentation has little effect on the size or the effector memory phenotype of the CD8 T cell response. J Immunol 172:6944-6953. 

... glands of acutely infected, irradiated BALB/c mice (23, 24) Also, prior immunization with CD8 T cell epitopes protects BALB/c mice against a lethal dose of virus (25, 26). In contrast, animals can be completely depleted of CD8 T cells in acute (27) or chronic (28) infection without impacting virus c ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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