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Chapter 17
Chapter 17

... - Protein or large polysaccharide - Can be attached or free from cell - Each antigen contains multiple epitopes that are recognized by… ...
Human Genome Project, Gene Therapy, and Cloning
Human Genome Project, Gene Therapy, and Cloning

... To sequence & determine the exact order of the nucleotides (A,C,T,G) for ALL of the DNA in a human cell  To determine which sections of DNA represent the individual genes  To store this information in databases for analysis ...
PowerPoint **
PowerPoint **

... cells in lymphoid tissue, by contrast, are bystander cells that are “abortively infected”--- the virus penetrates but can’t integrate or replicate (death occurs by pyroptosis, which depends on the activation of caspase-1). ...
IMMUNE SYSTEM - Roslyn School
IMMUNE SYSTEM - Roslyn School

... (since these processes do not occur in viruses, they are ineffective against them) ...
File
File

... A vaccine is a dose of a pathogen destroyed so it is no longer harmful, but it still has the antigens present. These antigens trigger an immune response. ...
Bacterial defense against specific immune responses
Bacterial defense against specific immune responses

The Body`s Defenses
The Body`s Defenses

... humoral immune response and the cellmediated immune response • Humoral immune response involves activation and clonal selection of B cells, resulting in production of secreted antibodies • Cell-mediated immune response involves activation and clonal selection of cytotoxic T cells • Helper T cells ai ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... • Migrating to the thymus where they develop into specialized cells (helper T and killer T cells) that are able to identify antigens and infected tissue cells ...
immune_07
immune_07

... • Migrating to the thymus where they develop into specialized cells (helper T and killer T cells) that are able to identify antigens and infected tissue cells ...
Case_study_1_Immune_Response_Summary
Case_study_1_Immune_Response_Summary

Immune System
Immune System

... Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity: immunity resulting from transfer of antibodies from one animal to another through mother to offspring either before birth or in colostrum (first milk of newborn). Naturally Acquired Active Immunity: resistance to a specific disease after the development of antibo ...
Topic 6.3 Defence against infectious disease
Topic 6.3 Defence against infectious disease

... Plasma ɞ cells have a different shape receptor on its membrane. There are about 10 million kinds in your body at any one time! Each can detect any antigen of a pathogen. Once activated they divide very fast (clone) and start to secrete specific antibodies. Antibodies slowly removed from blood and ly ...
Immune System
Immune System

... Antigen: piece of pathogen that our white blood cells recognize ...
LSU Neuroscience Center of Excellence Health Sciences
LSU Neuroscience Center of Excellence Health Sciences

... The role of immune cells in repair of the central nervous system (CNS) has been a subject of controversy for decades. We recognized that innate immune cells (macrophages/microglia) play an essential part in CNS recovery from axotomy. Subsequently, we found that T cells recognizing CNS-specific antig ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... One of the first steps in the generation of the immune response is the recognition by T lymphocytes of peptide fragments (antigens) derived from foreign pathogens that are presented on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). This event is mediated by the T cell receptor (TCR), that transduces ...
Immune System and Transpiration Practice Qui
Immune System and Transpiration Practice Qui

... D. Antibodies seek out any foreign pathogen in the body and attach themselves to the pathogen, triggering the cell-mediated response 4. Explain how this response would have been activated by the immune system ...
ABSTRACT  THESIS: STUDENT:
ABSTRACT THESIS: STUDENT:

... Oral tolerance is an immunologic hyporesponsiveness to an orally administered antigen. Probiotics (beneficial intestinal bacteria), T regulatory cells (Tregs), and dendritic cells (DCs) are all essential for generating tolerance and suppressing immune responses toward harmless antigens. Antibiotics ...
Matching – Each question is worth 0.5 pt
Matching – Each question is worth 0.5 pt

... They have extensive cytoplasmic domains that interact with intracellular molecules. They consist of polypeptides with variable and constant regions. They are associated with signal transduction molecules at the cell surface. They can interact with peptides derived from non-self antigens. ...
MICROBIO320 Short Answers – These should be typically 1
MICROBIO320 Short Answers – These should be typically 1

... They are associated with signal transduction molecules at the cell surface. E. They can interact with peptides derived from non-self antigens. MHC class I molecules are important for which of the following? (0.5 pt) A. B. C. D. E. ...
Immune System ppt
Immune System ppt

... - proteins on cells called (Major Histocompatibility Complex) MHC markers must match closely ...
43 - GEOCITIES.ws
43 - GEOCITIES.ws

... IMMUNITY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE Introduction Immunity can be achieved naturally or artificially 14. Contrast the acquisitions of active and passive humoral immunity. a. Active: developed from B cells by natural exposure or vaccination b. Passive: transfer of pre-made antibody in utero or serum The im ...
T cell targeting of latent cytomegalovirus infected cells: can viral
T cell targeting of latent cytomegalovirus infected cells: can viral

... silently in certain cell types, in the absence of virus DNA replication or new virion production. Consequently, current therapies for HCMV, which target virus replicating productively, will not target latent viral genomes. Yet reactivation of virus production from these latent virus pools is a major ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... • Class II molecules “present” peptides from molecules that are taken up from outside the cell via processes such as phagocytosis (known as exogenous processing pathway) • Together the peptide and MHC form a shape (3-D structure) that may match (complement) the surface of a T cell receptor • MHC cla ...
The objectives of this course
The objectives of this course

... byy a pprocess called "clonal deletion",, leadingg to duringg development "self-tolerance". A lymphocyte y p y needs to meet its antigen g before it can get g activated and start producing identical daughter cells, a process called "clonal expansion". This ensures the specificity of the immune respo ...
Delivery of Epitopes by the Salmonella Type III Secretion System for
Delivery of Epitopes by the Salmonella Type III Secretion System for

...  Address the difference in the survivability of mice inoculated with a control and a SipDmutant strain ...
< 1 ... 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 ... 514 >

Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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