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You - Dickinson ISD
You - Dickinson ISD

... histamines, which begin inflammatory response - Capillaries dilate - Pyrogens released, and temperature rises - Pain receptors activate - WBCs flock to infected area like sharks to blood ...
Mechanisms of Immunity
Mechanisms of Immunity

... • The B cell has also recognized the foreign antigen via the B cell receptor (BCR), and processed the foreign antigen. • Foreign peptide is then expressed on the surface MHC class II molecules. ...
Antibody Isotypes
Antibody Isotypes

... there are five antibody isotypes known as IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM. They are each named with an “Ig” prefix that stands for immunoglobulin, another name for antibody, and differ in their biological properties, functional locations and ability to deal with different antigens, as depicted in the tab ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Caraballo. Using Bioinformatics: Genetic Research. Published Online October 2012. figshare. http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.936568 ...
Immunity and Immune Response
Immunity and Immune Response

... – Each produces a different receptor in the cell membrane – Each receptor is composed of 1 molecule each of two different proteins – Each receptor binds a specific antigen but has only one binding site – Receptor only recognizes antigens which are "presented" to it within another membrane protein of ...
Immunology Review
Immunology Review

... Apoptosis: programmed cell death Macrophages: innate immune cell, binds pathogens, produce cytokines to attract other phagocytic cells and make blood vessels leaky, may present antigen to stimulate T cell activation (adaptive) Dendritic cells: innate immune cell, may be phagocytic and may present an ...
Immune System ppt
Immune System ppt

... Phase I: few weeks to a few years; flu like symptoms, swollen lymph nodes, chills, fever, fatigue, body aches. Virus is multiplying, antibodies are made but ineffective for complete virus removal Phase II: within six months to 10 years; opportunistic infections present, Helper T cells affected, 5% m ...
Autoimmunity and Autoimmune Diseases
Autoimmunity and Autoimmune Diseases

... • Previous attempts to classify them as T-cell and B-cell mediated are outdated • Involve Innate and Adaptive Components • Classified based on the effector mechanisms that appear to be most responsible for organ damage: – Autoantibodies – T-cells ...
Immunologic Concepts -Overview of Phagocytic, Cell Mediated
Immunologic Concepts -Overview of Phagocytic, Cell Mediated

... requires significant “help” from T-lymphocytes, and particularly from Th cells. The B cells have 2 basic jobs; to serve as an alternative type of antigen presenting cell and to cause the secretion of antibodies. Antibodies come in a variety of isotypes (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD), each of which is par ...
7.5 Immune response – questions and answers Q1. Bk Ch7 S7.6 Q1
7.5 Immune response – questions and answers Q1. Bk Ch7 S7.6 Q1

... Active immunity involves the body producing antibodies in response to the presence of a foreign antigen. Passive immunity occurs when antibodies specific to a particular pathogen are injected into a person rather than the person producing the antibodies. Active immunity is long lasting because the b ...
t lyphocyte
t lyphocyte

... • Arise from loss of tolerance to self-antigens • e.g. multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis , myasthenia gravis • Causes : – Exposure of normally inaccessible self-antigens sometimes induces an immune attack against these antigens – Normal self-antigens may be modified by factors such as drugs, ...
Microsoft Word
Microsoft Word

... 5. In what ways is the inflammatory response an important part of the body’s defense? 6. a. List the events of the inflammatory response in their correct order. b. What are the 4 cardinal signs of the inflammatory response? What is the cause of each? 7. Binding to antigens to receptors of immunocomp ...
Quiz: Body Defenses
Quiz: Body Defenses

... 5. In what ways is the inflammatory response an important part of the body’s defense? 6. a. List the events of the inflammatory response in their correct order. b. What are the 4 cardinal signs of the inflammatory response? What is the cause of each? 7. Binding to antigens to receptors of immunocomp ...
Structure of the Proteasome
Structure of the Proteasome

... Antigen Processing by Proteasomes In mammals, activation of the immune system ...
Innate Immunity
Innate Immunity

... These bind to bacteria, and activate the classical pathway of complement (take the place of the C1 proteins that are normally activated by Ab) ...
Epstein-Barr Virus
Epstein-Barr Virus

Unit 4: Infectious disease
Unit 4: Infectious disease

... from infectious disease • However, natural selection (survival of the fittest) has occurred and now many bacteria that exist today are resistant to several antibiotics ...
Chemistry in Focus 3rd edition Tro
Chemistry in Focus 3rd edition Tro

... pancreas • Small (51 amino acids) • Promotes entry of glucose into muscle and fat cells, lowering blood glucose level • Diabetics must inject insulin. ...
File
File

... Immune System Word Puzzle ...
Slide_14
Slide_14

Marije K. Verheul Department of Rheumatology Leiden University
Marije K. Verheul Department of Rheumatology Leiden University

... During this meeting, there were several interesting talks that were relevant and / or interesting with regards to my own research. An example of this is the talk of R. van Vollenhoven who discussed several interesting treatment options in (early) rheumatoid arthritis, such as neuroimmunomodulation, ...
Chapter 43 - The Immune System
Chapter 43 - The Immune System

... ◦ Begins this response upon first exposure to an antigen (foreign molecule) ◦ Requires about 10-17 days to yield maximum response via T and B-cells ◦ Immunological memory: secondary immune response that provides long-term protection against a previously encountered pathogen  “To avoid illness, expo ...
Acquired immunity
Acquired immunity

... Various specialized regions in the body produce immune system components. Humoral immunity is part of acquired immunity and relies on production of antibodies to attack pathogens. A small number of “memory” cells continually patrol the blood and produce antibodies in case of later infection. Cell- ...
Autoimmune Disorders
Autoimmune Disorders

... Common Diseases and Symptoms • Common diseases include: • Rheumatoid arthritis: joints • Type 1 Diabetes: pancreas • Lupus: chromatin • Scleroderma: skin • Autoimmune diseases can affect many body parts. • Common symptoms include: fatigue, malaise, joint pain, and rash ...
Name of Student:
Name of Student:

... CD4+CD25- T cells. Treg cells recognise and are activated by specific antigens presented to them on MCH II by antigen presenting cells. Fibroblasts are non-professional antigen presenting cells that express specific MCH class II. Although not ubiquitously expressed, they can be induced to express ID ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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