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海外教师主导的研究生全英文课程基本信息表
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... genetic engineering, integrated metabolism, structural biochemistry, protein engineering and molecular modeling. During the course, you even have the opportunity to contribute to the advancement of scientific knowledge by participating in cutting-edge problem analysis, brain-storming, innovation, re ...
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... genetic engineering, integrated metabolism, structural biochemistry, protein engineering and molecular modeling. During the course, you even have the opportunity to contribute to the advancement of scientific knowledge by participating in cutting-edge problem analysis, brain-storming, innovation, re ...
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... mushrooms, AHCC is uniquely rich in alphaglucans and has very low molecular weight of only 5,000 Daltons, giving it unmatched absorption and bioactivity. Research on AHCC has been conducted at world renown medical centers such as those affiliated with Yale, Harvard and MD Anderson. Several clinical ...
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... 2) Coating with host proteins. Tegument of cestode & trematode worms, is able to adsorb host components, e.g. RBC Ags, thus giving the worm the immunological appearance of host tissue. Schistosomes take up host blood proteins, e.g. blood group antigens & MHC class I & II molecules, therefore, the wo ...
Cell Mediated Immunity 2016-20172016-10-24 08
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... • T cells (lymphocytes) via their receptors bind to the surface of other cells (Antigen Presenting Cells) that display the processed antigen and trigger a response ...
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Cells and tissues of the immune system
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... Cancer cells – tumor antigens Immune reactions within self-tissues: autoimmunity Discontinuation of immune responses …and reactions to harmless environmental factors: allergy (to food, pollen, fur etc.) ...
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... - This is region establishes 5 classes of antibodies - These classes perform different roles and help direct the appropriate immune response for each antigen they encounter 2. Specific antigen-binding site = how antibodies recognize specific antigens (the top of the “Y”) - variable region = antigen ...
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... What kinds of pathogens do the humoral and cell-mediated branches of the immune system target? How do the terms self, non-self and altered-self relate to this discussion? ...
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... C) may block binding sites that invaders might normally use to infect host cells 2. Examples A) Propionibacterium 1) live in the hair follicles and produce a fatty acid secretion that inhibits the growth of many disease causing species B) Escherichia coli 1) produce antimicrobial toxins in the gastr ...
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... stimulatory signal into B cells 2. BCR specific binding to the antigen and intake it through internalization, then the antigen was degradated into peptides and the peptide-MHC-II molecule complex was formed, which can be recognized by antigen specific Th cells ...
< 1 ... 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 ... 514 >

Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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