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General pathology Introduction : Pathology is a Greek word
General pathology Introduction : Pathology is a Greek word

... C- Immunology: study primary diseases of immune system, as well as the effects of other diseases on the immune system. D- Microbiology: study infectious diseases. E- Genetics : study genetic disorders Studying of pathology can be divided into two main parts: 1- general pathology: this part focus on ...
IMMUNE EFFECTOR MECHANISMS
IMMUNE EFFECTOR MECHANISMS

eating worms may inhibit Allergies, Asthma and
eating worms may inhibit Allergies, Asthma and

Protective Immune Responses during Epstein Barr Virus (EBV
Protective Immune Responses during Epstein Barr Virus (EBV

J Exp Med
J Exp Med

... stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) may initiate asthma or atopic dermatitis through a dendritic cell-mediated T helper (Th)2 response. Here, we describe how TSLP might initiate and aggravate allergic inflammation in the absence of T lymphocytes and immunoglobulin E antibodies via the innate immune system. ...
Immunological Techniques in Research and Clinical Medicine
Immunological Techniques in Research and Clinical Medicine

... Research and Diagnosis • You can make an antibody to practically  anything  • Monoclonal antibodies have a single  specificity, so the immunogen need not be  pure (e.g., whole cells or lysates) • Antibodies are stable (decades at ‐20C!) • They can be covalently coupled to enzymes,  chromophores, bio ...
10mb ppt - UCLA.edu
10mb ppt - UCLA.edu

... Initiated usually by Ag-Ab complex Usually, acts as effector mechanism for adaptive immune response ...
TGF-beta 3 (E.coli derived) Human E. coli
TGF-beta 3 (E.coli derived) Human E. coli

... biological responses. They are multifunctional cytokines that regulate cell proliferation, growth, differentiation and motility, as well as synthesis and deposition of the extracellular matrix. They are involved in various physiological processes, including embryogenesis, tissue remodeling and wound ...
MORPHOLOGIE DES HEMATIES Normales et Pathologiques
MORPHOLOGIE DES HEMATIES Normales et Pathologiques

... Capsules, cell walls, toxins, viral capsids, flagella, etc.  Non-microbes: Pollen, egg white, red blood cell surface molecules, serum proteins, and surface molecules from transplanted tissue.  Lipids and nucleic acids are only antigenic when combined with proteins or polysaccharides.  Molecular w ...
thymus gland - Biology Notes Help
thymus gland - Biology Notes Help

... cells that are produces in the red bone marrow and train them into functional, mature T cell that attack only foreign cell. T cell first resides within the cortex of thymus where they come in contact with epithelial cells presenting various antigens. The immature T cells that respond to the antigens ...
Body Defenses and Diseases ppt
Body Defenses and Diseases ppt

To the Admissions Committee
To the Admissions Committee

... region genes that give the Ig its classification, IgM. The N-terminus provides the antibody combining site (V region) that was generated by V(D)J rearrangement (see Figure 1). By definition a cell expressing IgM on its surface (sIgM+) is a B lymphocyte. After stimulation by antigen in secondary lymp ...
B vs T cells - misslongscience
B vs T cells - misslongscience

... 1. What type of cells ingest pathogens? Macrophages 2. What type of cell interacts with an antigen-presenting cell? T helper cell 3. What does a cytotoxic T cell do an infected cell? Bind to infected cells and produce chemicals that kill the cell 4. B cells are activated by what type of cells? T hel ...
Chapter 17: Specific Defenses of the Host: The Immune Response
Chapter 17: Specific Defenses of the Host: The Immune Response

... to produce specific antibodies and can combine with these antibodies. A hapten is a low-molecular-weight substance that is not antigenic unless it is attached to a carrier molecule. Once an antibody has been formed against the hapten, the hapten alone will react with the antibodies independently of ...
Hygiene hypothesis and allergic pathologies
Hygiene hypothesis and allergic pathologies

... • Allergic diseases are caused by harmless antigens such as Pollen in allergic rhinittis (hayfever) via Th2 • Many bacteria and viruses elicit a Th1-mediated immune response, which down-regulates Th2 responses. • Insufficient stimulation of the Th1 arm, leads to an overactive Th2 arm, stimulating th ...
Innate vs. Adaptive Immunity - Welcome to people.pharmacy.purdue
Innate vs. Adaptive Immunity - Welcome to people.pharmacy.purdue

... member of a cluster of differentiation (CD) CD molecules (CD antigens, CD markers) are: • Identified by numbers • Used to classify leukocytes into functionally distinct subpopulations, e.g. helper T cells are CD4+CD8-, CTLs are CD8+CD4• Often involved in leukocyte functions Antibodies against variou ...
PPT 1
PPT 1

...  It also includes the lymphoid tissue and lymphatic vessels through which the lymph travels in a one-way system in which lymph flows only toward the heart.  Lymphoid tissue is found in many organs, particularly the lymph nodes, and in the lymphoid follicles associated with the digestive system suc ...
Chapter 35
Chapter 35

... • Airways constrict and blood pressure drops as capillary permeability soars ...
Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immunology
Molecular and Cellular Immunology/Immunology

AP2 study guide IMMUNE SYSTEM
AP2 study guide IMMUNE SYSTEM

... Immuno-surveillance theory = mutations occur naturally among large amounts of cell divisions, so cancer processes begin often, but it does not always develop into disease due to the actions of NK cells. The theory states that people with strong NK cells are more resistant to cancer processes! 3) Ant ...
Innate immune responses to cationic antimicrobial peptides in the lung
Innate immune responses to cationic antimicrobial peptides in the lung

... their lungs1. As well, bronchial epithelial cells from CF patients are not able to secrete IL-10 (an anti-inflammatory cytokine) but do produce the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8 & IL-6. In contrast, healthy controls produce the anti- but not pro-inflammatory cytokines2. The pathology of CF and the ...
Forensic Biology by Richard Li
Forensic Biology by Richard Li

... (Massively condensed version) ...
Document
Document

... to allergy sufferers. They do not cure the allergy, they just reduce the symptoms. ...
The Immune System - SD43 Teacher Sites
The Immune System - SD43 Teacher Sites

... to allergy sufferers. They do not cure the allergy, they just reduce the symptoms. ...
Virus Notes - ScienceCo
Virus Notes - ScienceCo

... type of lymphocyte known also as a B-cell) produce special proteins called antibodies that bind to the antigens of the pathogen. o Antibodies are shaped like a ‘Y’ and contain two identical binding sites that are specific to a particular antigen. The purpose of these antibodies is to link viruses to ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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