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Viral Infection and immunity
Viral Infection and immunity

... The Role of MHC • In humans, the MHC is located on the short arm of chromosome 6 and spans approximately 4 megabases of DNA. It can be divided into three regions termed class I, class II and class III: • The class III region contains genes which encode a number of complement components and the tumo ...
Spring 2015-Chapter 14
Spring 2015-Chapter 14

... much more aggressive than other known forms of the virus has been documented. Patients infected with this new variant progress to AIDS so rapidly that they may not even know they are infected, with AIDS symptoms occurring within 3 years of infection. If a person contracts multiple strains of HIV - t ...
CLASS REVIEW...in the form of Jeopardy!
CLASS REVIEW...in the form of Jeopardy!

... Let me know if you had problems with the program or if any of the questions/answers are wrong! Comments are always appreciated as well! ...
$doc.title

... death   process   known   as   apoptosis.     Apoptosis  can  be  viewed  as  a  form  of   cellular   suicide,   as   the   dying   cell   ac=vely  switches  on  a  set  of  enzymes   (called   caspases)   that   coordinate   the   dea ...
Lymphocytes - MBBS Students Club
Lymphocytes - MBBS Students Club

... and/ or activated lymphocytes that attack and destroy the specific invading organism or toxin • Passive immunity--- produced by already made antibodies or activated T cells from horse or human serum • Active immunity--- a person itself produces an immune reaction in response to the entry of antigens ...
Introduction to Blood
Introduction to Blood

... - The regression of transplanted tumors in a normal mouse model (blue line) is largely due to the action of CTLs recognizing tumor antigens presented on MHC class I (right panel). Albeit the presence of NK cells, this regression is absent in nude mice (red line) in which CTLs do not develop. -Tumor ...
The Immune System - Phillips Scientific Methods
The Immune System - Phillips Scientific Methods

PowerPoint Presentation - I. Introduction to class
PowerPoint Presentation - I. Introduction to class

... plasma, lymph, mucus, etc.) and the surface of B cells.  Defense against bacteria, bacterial toxins, and viruses that circulate freely in body fluids, before they enter ...
Lecture 14: Evasion of the Immune System by Pathogens
Lecture 14: Evasion of the Immune System by Pathogens

...  Early vaccine resulted in enhanced infection: no neutralizing antibodies with polarization of response to Th2  Th2 cells release IL-3, IL-4, IL-5 which induce bronchospasm, eosinophilia ...
2009-06-NCBO-Peters - National Center for Biomedical Ontology
2009-06-NCBO-Peters - National Center for Biomedical Ontology

... Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology 2Science Applications International Corporation 3Science Commons ...
Prezentace aplikace PowerPoint
Prezentace aplikace PowerPoint

... Tr. SNP 1, Košice, Slovakia ...
Immune System Information
Immune System Information

... Neutrophils are white blood cells found in the body that are produced in the bone marrow. They are quick to respond to invasion and many die in the initial battle with pathogens. Pus is a fluid found at the site of bacterial infection that contains neutrophils. We sometimes refer to neutrophils as k ...
Immune
Immune

... creating antibodies to prevent infection by streptococcus bacteria in the future. Active immunity lasts forever once an organism has formed antibodies to a certain antigen. An example of passive immunity is the passage of antibodies to a baby through its mother’s breast milk. Passive immunity lasts ...
The Immune System
The Immune System

... alike, but they later develop into B cells or T cells, depending on where they continue their maturation. ...
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus

... T cells that are reactive with several nuclear autoantigens have been isolated from the peripheral blood of SLE patients. T cells from SLE patients also display abnormal signalling and secrete cytokines that promote inflammation. Regulatory T cells (cells important in maintaining cell tolerance) hav ...
Immunology - Lecture 2 Adaptive Immune System 1
Immunology - Lecture 2 Adaptive Immune System 1

... Each T cell expresses a unique, epitope specific cell surface receptor Heterodimers of two polypeptide chains Lack the capacity to initiate signaling to the nucleus capacity and rely on CD3 to transmit signals ...
Unit 5 - Protection and Control
Unit 5 - Protection and Control

... 1. Explain the following before the simulation: “Each of us has several genetic markers (antigens) located on the surface of most of our white blood cells. One of these groups of genetic markers is referred to as the HLA, or Human Leukocyte Antigens. Define leukocyte (white blood cell), and antigen ...
The Immune System
The Immune System

... • Cancerous or infected cells no longer express this protein; natural killer (NK) cells attack these damaged cells, causing them to lyse Innate Immune System Evasion by Pathogens • Some pathogens avoid destruction by modifying their surface to prevent recognition or by resisting breakdown following ...
Understanding the cell and its milieu
Understanding the cell and its milieu

7-Organ
7-Organ

... Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) Bronchial tract-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) ...
Autoimmune disease
Autoimmune disease

...  Ab against cell and tissue antigens may cause tissue injury and disease  autoantibodies characterized by a high afinity to antigens, present in a high level in serum, predominantly in the IgG class  autoantibodies against intracelular proteins and nuclear acid, cytoplasmatic molecules participat ...
Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity
Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity

... Clinically, the most important form of DTH, since it causes many of the pathological effects in diseases which involve T cell-mediated immunity Maximal at 14 days Continual release of cytokines Leads to accumulation of large numbers of macrophages Granulomas can also arise from persistence of “indig ...
cause
cause

... Clinically, the most important form of DTH, since it causes many of the pathological effects in diseases which involve T cell-mediated immunity Maximal at 14 days Continual release of cytokines Leads to accumulation of large numbers of macrophages Granulomas can also arise from persistence of “indig ...
What are DNA vaccines?
What are DNA vaccines?

... Advantages: DNA immunization offers many advantages over the traditional forms of vaccination. It is able to induce the expression of antigens that resemble native viral epitopes more closely than standard vaccines do since live attenuated and killed vaccines are often altered in their protein struc ...
Immunity - BEHS Science
Immunity - BEHS Science

... Rh antigen is one of many “self” antigens found on the surface of red blood cells.  Individuals are Rh+ ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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