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Athlete`s Foot, Ringworm, Yeast Infection
Athlete`s Foot, Ringworm, Yeast Infection

... II. Immune System- a network of cells, tissues, organs and chemicals that fights off pathogens A. Inflammatory ___________-reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection 1. Phagocyte- a white blood cell that attacks invading pathogens a. pus- dead white blood cells that collect at the infla ...
B cells
B cells

... such as the Peyer’s patches of the small intestine where IgA-producing B cells are prevalent in the dome region adjacent to M-cells which sample antigen in the gut lumen and present it to lymphocytes. In addition to B2 and MZ B cells, mice have a third subset known as B1 B cells which are found in t ...
B cell targeted therapy in autoimmunity
B cell targeted therapy in autoimmunity

... Autoimmunity results from a break in self-tolerance involving humoral and/or cell-mediated immune mechanisms. Part of the pathological consequence of a failure in central and/or peripheral tolerance, results from survival and activation of self-reactive B cells. Such B cells produce tissue-damaging ...
Chapter 2 Antigen
Chapter 2 Antigen

... II. Common antigen and cross reaction 1. Common antigen Different antigens which possess the same or similar epitopes are called common antigen. 2. Mechanism of cross reaction ----Existence of common Ag determinant ...
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1 - jfriel

... because antibodies are found in the body’s humor=body fluid.) Cell-mediated immunity does not rely on antibodies, instead it uses T cells to destroy antigen. When T-cells get activated by antigen, they can differentiate into cytotoxic T-cells that can lyse target cells. Sometimes, these 2 branches m ...
ImmunThe(NoTP)
ImmunThe(NoTP)

... within 15 months of diagnosis -- showed that the vaccine safely increased average survival to nearly 48 weeks, compared with about 33 weeks among patients who didn't receive the treatment. The sixmonth survival rate was 93 percent for the vaccinated group, compared with 68 percent for 86 other gliob ...
Camp 1 - Evangel University
Camp 1 - Evangel University

... Innate Immunity (Cont’d) • There are several parts to innate immunity: physical barriers, cells of the immune system (dendritic cells, macrophage, and natural killer (NK) cells) • Dendritic cells are members of a class of cells called antigen-presenting cells (APCs) • T cells release chemicals call ...
03-390 Final – Fall 2013 Name:_____________________________ each
03-390 Final – Fall 2013 Name:_____________________________ each

... Any B cells that recognize membrane bound self antigens are either killed or undergo receptor editing (new light chain) in an attempt to rescue the cell. B-cells also undergo a self-tolerance check in the lymph nodes. This is still considered to be central tolerance because the B-cells have not comp ...
The Human Immune System
The Human Immune System

... called antibody-mediated immunity, meaning that is controlled by antibodies • This represents the third line of defense in the immune system ...
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM How Do We Keep Our Bodies Healthy?
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM How Do We Keep Our Bodies Healthy?

... and cancer cells completely shut down the immune system • New understanding: The immune system CAN still be activated, as we see from the presence of B cells, T cells, and dendritic cells around tumor cells. • Current research is trying to better understand the relationship between the immune system ...
Immunology for Dummies_ The B cell receptor and antibodies
Immunology for Dummies_ The B cell receptor and antibodies

... What are B cell receptors & how they come about? As mentioned before, B cells produce antibodies. However, they do not produce those antibodies until they become fully activated. Each and every B cells has a unique receptor protein called the B cell receptor (BCR) on its surface that will specifical ...
Presentation
Presentation

... POSITIVE SELECTION: results from weak interaction of a self peptide/MHC complex with the TCR of a thymocyte. (Links the MHC specificity of the TCR to the functional potential of each T cell) Resulting T cells are more likely to be useful (again: efficiency) ...
Virus and bacteria ppt
Virus and bacteria ppt

... a cell, remains harmless for a period of time (sometimes years), and then becomes harmful later is called the lysogenic cycle. ...
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17 Unit 1 - Cloudfront.net

... • Involves cell or antibody directed against a particular antigen ...
disease emergence and re-emergence
disease emergence and re-emergence

... IgG – later response, persists as memory IgA – secreted by mucosal tissue and in blood IgE – responds to parasites, small percentage Specific response – each antibody recognizes (responds) to only one epitope (sub-component of an antigen) ...
HBImmunity
HBImmunity

... Antibody. Engages B and T cells.It involves the antigen-antibody response that creates a type of memory. The specific response is more effective. It is characterized by specificity, memory and prompt response to an antigen. Immunity: “Free from burden”. Ability of an organism to recognize and defend ...
Giladi N.Antibodies and hybridomas
Giladi N.Antibodies and hybridomas

... as membrane-bound antibody on B cells. IgM is secreted by plasma cells as a pentamer in which five monomer units are held together by disulfide bonds that link their carboxyl-terminal heavy chain domains . Each pentamer contains an additional Fc-linked polypeptide called the J (joining) chain, which ...
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... RDVa – variant of RD which emerged ...
Immunity in the gut
Immunity in the gut

... lymphoid tissues can provide effective immune responses when necessary. However, inappropriate responses against innocuous food and commensal antigens lead to inflammatory disorders such as coeliac disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) The lymphoid eleme ...
Unit 5.1 Review (2)
Unit 5.1 Review (2)

MISSION DEBRIEFING: Teacher Guide
MISSION DEBRIEFING: Teacher Guide

... the area increases, which brings white blood cells, which are also called leucocytes, (loo-kuhsites) to the scene. There are several types of white blood cells, but only one is the non-specific “cell eater” variety that can roam around tissues seeking invaders. This type of white blood cell is calle ...
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Why chemokines?

Disease Test - bms8thgradescience
Disease Test - bms8thgradescience

... system and reduces the body’s ability to fight infections by damaging white blood cells.  People who have AIDS have a weakened immune system that cannot protect them from diseases that rarely affect others, so they can get very sick or die from diseases not normally found in people with healthy imm ...
Humoral Immune Response
Humoral Immune Response

... Of greatest importance in primary immune response. ...
Immune System - Crestwood Local Schools
Immune System - Crestwood Local Schools

... ago. By then the vertebrate immune defense had been fully evolved. • Sharks have an immune response similar to ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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