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PowerPoint 演示文稿
PowerPoint 演示文稿

... This algorithm consistes of three phases: defining self, generating detectors and monitoring the occurrence of anomalies. It regards the profiled normal patterns as ‘self’ patterns. The second phase, it generates a number of random patterns that are compared to each self pattern defined in the first ...
Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System

... parasites, cancer cells, intracellular viral infections, and foreign tissue transplants. ...
Tibb Position on Autoimmune disease
Tibb Position on Autoimmune disease

... unspecified  reason.  This,  it  maintains,  turns  on  and  attacks  otherwise  normal  body  tissues,  instead  of  pursuing   its  prime  function  –  protecting  the  body  from  microbes,  foreign  proteins,  environmental  toxins  and ...
THE MEANING OF SELF:
THE MEANING OF SELF:

European Respiratory Society Annual Congress 2013
European Respiratory Society Annual Congress 2013

... Body: Background: In PAH, tertiary lymphoid tissues (tLTs) connected to remodeled vessels, Ig deposits in the lung, and circulating autoantibodies directed to vascular wall components, argue for a role of adaptive immune response and autoimmunity, beyond inflammation. Aims and objectives: The presen ...
I Am A Pathogen
I Am A Pathogen

AntibodyNoTP
AntibodyNoTP

... (Also differences in constant regions of kappa and lambda light chains) 2. Different individual mouse strains (or different people): Anti-allotype Antibodies (Antibodies from one person would raise anti-antibodies in a non-identical twin recipient) (1 and 2: Like any other proteins with multiple mol ...
Urinary system Nephron From the renal artery, an afferent arteriole
Urinary system Nephron From the renal artery, an afferent arteriole

... From the renal artery, an afferent arteriole transports blood to the glomerulus, a knot of capillaries inside the glomerular capsule. Blood leaving the glomerulus is carried away by the efferent arteriole. Blood pressure is higher in the glomerulus because the efferent arteriole is narrower than the ...
1. A Snapshot of the Immune System
1. A Snapshot of the Immune System

... Innate immunity is a set of fixed responses activated by receptors that are encoded by genes in the host’s germ line. These receptors recognize molecular patterns shared by many foreign substances that are not present in the mammalian host. Adaptive immunity is a set of responses to unique foreign st ...
Measurement of the Innate Cellular Immune Responses of Hybrid
Measurement of the Innate Cellular Immune Responses of Hybrid

Immunity - sjebiol
Immunity - sjebiol

... only has one type of receptor on its surface)  Only a few copies of each B cell are created, so they all have slightly different DNA.  This allows the immune system to respond to millions of antigens  When an antigen enters the body it will quickly come into contact with the corresponding B cell ...
Hermans HRC66 2006 (PDF 103kb)
Hermans HRC66 2006 (PDF 103kb)

Lecture 17 - Mechanisms of Pathogenecity Chpt. 17
Lecture 17 - Mechanisms of Pathogenecity Chpt. 17

... LPS (outer leaflet of Gram-negative outer membrane) Triggers toll-like receptors, initiating inflammation Localized - helps clear an infection Systemic - can lead to shock →dramatic drop in blood pressure, disseminated intravascular coagulation ...
The Immune System Terminology Glossary
The Immune System Terminology Glossary

... helper T cells (Th cells)—a subset of T cells that carry the CD4 surface marker and are essential for turning on antibody production, activating cytotoxic T cells, and initiating many other immune functions. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)—the virus that causes AIDS. immune response—reaction of ...
Your Immune System - The School District of Palm Beach County
Your Immune System - The School District of Palm Beach County

... eliminated before you get sick. You have now acquired immunity to that specific germ and the disease it carries. You can get immunity to some diseases in two ways. One way is to have the disease. You could, for example, have the disease chicken pox, which is caused by a virus. After you get well, so ...
BJHCM The Highest Mountain T- Cell
BJHCM The Highest Mountain T- Cell

... patients in both the US and UK. This research has the potential to have a profound effect upon the way cancer is treated. Conclusion Using the body's immune system to fight cancer is one of the most promising areas of therapy, and could prove particularly helpful in the treatment of metastatic disea ...
Tumour Immunology fi..
Tumour Immunology fi..

... 1) Alteration of MHC class I and tumor antigen expression 2) Dysregulated expression of adhesion / costimulatory molecules by tumor and/or antigen-presenting cells 3) Changes in T-cell signal transduction molecules, i.e. cell death ,receptor signaling 4) Induction of immune suppressive cytokines 5) ...
Is acetylcholine an autocrine growth factor via the
Is acetylcholine an autocrine growth factor via the

... In the current study, undertaken with a human mesothelial cell line, we addressed the problem whether the cells express MORs, which would be the very first condition in order to explain an adhesion-preventing action of of morphine (cf. Khorram-Manesh et al., 2006). We could confirm such an expressio ...
Immunology Study of the components and function of the immune
Immunology Study of the components and function of the immune

... Following exposure to previously encountered antigen, there is a rapid rise in IgG and slow or no rise in IgM Memory or anamnestic response ...
Defence system - Physics Teacher
Defence system - Physics Teacher

... only live for a few days. Antibodies inactivate antigens by attaching to them. The cell that carries the antigen can then be disposed of by phagocytes or activating the complement system, which causes the cells to burst. Most of the B-cells die off once the infection has been overcome. Some of the B ...
B CELLS Memory B cells
B CELLS Memory B cells

cell
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chapter15
chapter15

... The glycoprotein is an antigen, a substance capable of stimulating the immune system. Antigens are usually foreign chemicals that penetrate the body and cause an immune reaction. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to combine with antigen to inactivate the antigen. ...
Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System

... D. Thromboplastin activates factor VII. E. Factor VII, Calcium ions and platelet phospholipids combine to form prothrombin activator. Vitamin K is necessary for the liver to produce prothrombin and other clotting factors. F. Prothrombin activator combines with calcium ions and converts the inactive ...
Microbial Pathogenesis and infection
Microbial Pathogenesis and infection

...  The microbes can be multiplied by growing at site of adherence and form colonization. Colonization means establishment of a site of microbial multiplication in the host.  If pathogen successful in colonization in human body ,The pathogen must multiply to sufficient number in host tissues to cause ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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