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Immune System Concept Maps
Immune System Concept Maps

... 2. IMMUNE RESPONSE, PRIMARY IMMUNE RESPONSE, PATHOGEN, ANTIGEN, TCELL, B-CELL, ANTIBODY, PLASMA CELLS, MEMORY B-CELLS, ANTIBODIES, PHAGOCYTES, KILLER T-CELL (CYTOTOXIC T-CELL), HELPER T-CELL, SECONDARY IMMUNE RESPONSE, SUPPRESSOR T-CELL (10 points) ...
Chapt07 Lecture 13ed Pt 2
Chapt07 Lecture 13ed Pt 2

... Inflammatory response • Increased blood flow also brings more white blood cells to an injured area, with __________ being the first scouts to kill pathogens. • This response can be short-lived, but if the neutrophils cannot control the damage, cytokines (chemicals) will call in more white blood cell ...
pptx - BSMMU
pptx - BSMMU

... DCs cultured in GM-CSF and incubated with tumor fragments, then re-infused into the mice, have been shown to activate both TH cells and CTLs specific for the tumor antigens. When the mice were subsequently challenged with live tumor cells, they displayed tumor ...
Keeping Pathogens Out
Keeping Pathogens Out

... When pathogens enter the body the immune system launches an attack. The inflammatory response occurs if a foreign invader gets past the five barriers. This attack occurs in the blood and tissues. ◦ The blood supply to the area increases. ◦ Raises the blood pressure in area causing fluid to leak from ...


... presentation, the processs that leads to recruitment and activation of T lymphocytes. Peptides are selected and bound to class II-MHC molecules, depending on key sequence motifs that vary depending on MHC alleles. The peptide-MHC complex which is displayed on Antigen Presenting cells (APC) can now b ...
Lymph nodes are glands that play an important part in your body`s
Lymph nodes are glands that play an important part in your body`s

... However, in contrast to cars, the variety of antibodies is very large. Different antibodies are destined for different purposes. Some coat the foreign invaders to make them attractive to the circulating scavenger cells, phagocytes, that will engulf an unwelcome microbe. When some antibodies combine ...
Modeling the antibody response to HIV
Modeling the antibody response to HIV

... presence of HIV RNA as well IgG, IgM and IgA antibody levels. G. Tomaras et al. JVI 82: 12449 (2008) has shown that the earliest antibodies are anti-gp41 and that immune complexes form between these antibodies and HIV. • The question we want to address is whether the presence of anti-env antibodies ...
File
File

... “Variolation” used small amounts of powdered crusts from smallpox pustules which were inhaled or placed in small cuts in the skin. A mild disease was usually produced, followed by immunity to smallpox. Variolation was practiced in Europe, but was expensive and sometimes disease resulted (1 in 100 di ...
1 Leukocyte Membrane Molecules—An Introduction
1 Leukocyte Membrane Molecules—An Introduction

... antigen. However, antibody was still the primary tool for antigen discovery and characterization. As molecular technologies improved, new human proteins were increasingly identified by first cloning the gene, either through sequence homology with a gene of animal origin or by searching for genes wit ...
Administrative Office St. Joseph`s Hospital Site, L301
Administrative Office St. Joseph`s Hospital Site, L301

... antigen presenting cells (APCs) identified in various tissues including the skin (Langerhans cells), lymph nodes (interdigitating and follicular DCs), spleen and thymus. Properties of DCs include the ability to: (1) capture, process and present foreign antigens, (2) migrate to lymphoid-rich tissue, ...
BioHnrs TEST TOPICS: Intro to Cells (4.1
BioHnrs TEST TOPICS: Intro to Cells (4.1

... 32. Provide some detail (3 key characteristics) on the diversity of domain Archaea(16.6) and domain Bacteria. 33. Describe several different ways that prokaryotes are helpful to humans. Specifically address bioremediation. 34. Describe how bacteria cause disease. 35. Identify agents and explain how ...
The cognate interaction
The cognate interaction

... interaction and T-cell differentiation? • Now that genomic arrays exist, it is possible to monitor at the genetic level what happens during the cognate interaction • … and after • We can try to learn to analyze T cell specificity on the basis of the new genes that are activated or not accessible any ...
ppt
ppt

... It is associated with a type 2 (TH2) response The effector mechanisms include immunological and physiological processes Many worms have found ways to suppress or modulate the immune system This allows them to dodge an effective immune response and/or prevent the potential demise of their mammalian h ...
RTI ppt template - NCSU Bioinformatics Research Center
RTI ppt template - NCSU Bioinformatics Research Center

...  Collect blood and saliva from 1000 participants for each vaccine in Kolkata, India, at days 0, 3, and 28  Perform vaccine related immunological assays on all biospecimens and classify subjects as non-, poor-, and good responders using ELISA and vibrocidal ...
Wednesday: Lecture 1
Wednesday: Lecture 1

... • MscL gates at tensions approaching the membrane rupture tension. • Of the three E. coli Msc channels, MscL has the highest conductance and allows the largest solutes to pass through, without resulting in lysis of the ...
Document
Document

... So what’s a stem cell? • Stem cells are cells found in most, if not all, multi-cellular organisms. They are characterized by the ability to renew themselves through mitotic cell division and differentiating into a diverse range of specialized cell types. • The two broad types of mammalian stem cell ...
Biol 155 Human Physiology
Biol 155 Human Physiology

... Class I molecules display antigens on surface of nucleated cells, resulting in destruction of cells  Class II molecules display antigens on surface of antigen-presenting cells, resulting in activation of immune cells ...
Exam 3 BIO 308 Spring 2014
Exam 3 BIO 308 Spring 2014

... B. Girls tolerate neurodevelopmental mutations better than boys do* C. Elevated estrogen is somewhat protective against genetic abnormalities D. The female fetus develops slightly later than does the male fetus 58. A recent study suggests that ____________ may increase the risk for atrial fibrillati ...
The Hygiene Hypothesis: Intestinal Parasites and
The Hygiene Hypothesis: Intestinal Parasites and

... worm] are powerful modulators of the immune response, and as such, they may have the potential to affect the outcome of concurrent infections with other parasites, bacteria, or viruses….If harboring helminths protects against immune-mediated disease, then these animals must be viewed as useful anima ...
Immune System
Immune System

... • Severe Combined Immune Deficiency is a genetic condition in which one or more genes for proteins crucial for the immune system are defective. Children born with SCID have no immune system. • Gene therapy has been used to inject a good copy of the defective gene into blood cells or bone marrow cell ...
week 13.: autoimmunity i.
week 13.: autoimmunity i.

... mature self-reactive lymphocytes that do not sense self strongly in the central lymphoid organs, since their cognate self-antigens are not expressed there, may be for example killed or inactivated in the periphery. The principal mechanisms of peripheral tolerance are anergy (functional unresponsiven ...
Chapter 43
Chapter 43

... Once an APC is activated, it ingests a pathogen and displays fragments of the foreign antigen on its surface 3. The APC then presents these antigens to T cells 4. Dendritic cells develop from monocytes and are specialized to process, transport, and present antigens to T cells G. The major histocompa ...
Intl Day of Immunology booklet
Intl Day of Immunology booklet

Basic Immunology Course Code: Credit Units: 3
Basic Immunology Course Code: Credit Units: 3

... understanding of basic concepts of Immunology Pre-requisites: Basic knowledge of biological sciences Student Learning Outcomes: At the end of this course, the students will be able to: ...
Scoring Guidelines - AP Central
Scoring Guidelines - AP Central

< 1 ... 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 ... 514 >

Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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