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... DeCaprio, J.A. (2009) How the Rb tumor suppressor structure and function was revealed by the study of Adenovirus and SV40. Virology 384(2): 274284 Donlan, R.M. (2009) Preventing biofilms of clinically relevant organisms using bacteriophage. Trends in Microbiol. 17(2): 66-72 Douek, D.C. et al. (2003) ...
Recent progress and perspective in JAK inhibitors and new targets
Recent progress and perspective in JAK inhibitors and new targets

ALPS - UMF IASI 2015
ALPS - UMF IASI 2015

... transformation, increase in number (exponential) (cell division). • Clonal expansion: 7-8 days → specific lymphocytes can even become predominant. • *When responding to certain viruses, at the peak of the response, 50% or more of the T cell CD8+ are specific to a single MHC I – viral peptide complex ...
Cell-Mediated Immunity Thought Questions Basic Science Review
Cell-Mediated Immunity Thought Questions Basic Science Review

Boosts the Immune System
Boosts the Immune System

... 5) Scientists have noted a temporary increase in phagocyte activity and function following exercise which may remove potentially harmful substances from the bloodstream before they can travel further. 6) Regular exercise helps the lungs rid themselves of airborne viruses and bacteria. 7) A group of ...
T cell independent responses T-independent antigen activate B
T cell independent responses T-independent antigen activate B

... • Presence of co-stimulatory signal: Antigens that are encountered in the absence of co-stimulatory signals (signal 1, but not signal 2) tend to induce tolerance. • (Note that co-stimulatory signals are directly or indirectly produced by innate immune responses!) ...
1. dia
1. dia

... 2006 - Patients was successfully treated with metastatic melanoma using killer T cells genetically retargeted to attack the cancer cells 2006 - Succesfull gene-based th. for the treatment of HIV: lentiviral vector for delivery of an antisense gene againts ...
B cell collaboration - Department of Molecular & Cell Biology
B cell collaboration - Department of Molecular & Cell Biology

... Red bars show positions in which nucleotides differ from those found in germline gene DNA segments. ...
Scholar Rock Inc.: Niche Modulators Target Dysregulated Growth
Scholar Rock Inc.: Niche Modulators Target Dysregulated Growth

... on cell surfaces that in turn transmit signals to the interior of the cell. These receptors frequently occur on many different cell types, and that both dilutes the effect of the drug and can lead to off-target effects. Researchers at Scholar Rock Inc. have a different approach in mind. They hope to ...
Monoclonal antibodies
Monoclonal antibodies

... Three mechanisms that could be responsible for the cancer treatment. A. mAbs act directly when binding to a cancer specific antigens and induce immunological response to cancer cells. Such as inducing cancer cell apoptosis, inhibiting growth, or interfering with a key function. ...
AP Chap 43 The IMMUNE SYSTEM right one
AP Chap 43 The IMMUNE SYSTEM right one

... antibodies supplied from the placenta, mother’s milk, or antibody injection ...
Lymphoid Organs and Lymphocyte Trafficking
Lymphoid Organs and Lymphocyte Trafficking

... The spleen Filters blood in about half an hour! No HEV but rather all blood can go in. Marginal sinuses are lined with Mφ that phagocytose debris and invaders. They also contain resident DCs that present Ags to T cells. T cells are found in Periarteriolar ...
Primary and Secondary Immune Response: Lectuer-9
Primary and Secondary Immune Response: Lectuer-9

... Primary Immune Response to initial antigenic stimulus is slow, sluggish, short live with a long lage phase and low antibody titer that do not persist for along time ,antibody formed are 1gM. When tetans toxoid is given to host an immune response is mounted .The response could be detected intervally ...
T cells: A proliferation of costimulatory molecules
T cells: A proliferation of costimulatory molecules

... that are known to be necessary for B7 binding [4] therefore suggesting that this molecule will not bind to B7.1 or B7.2 (Figure 3b). In support of this, three groups have now independently discovered a third B7-like molecule that acts as the ICOS ligand. Using a subtraction screening approach, Swall ...
Type 2, Unicellular - Association of Surgical Technologists
Type 2, Unicellular - Association of Surgical Technologists

... Antisepsis—the prevention of infection in vivo Antiseptic—an agent or used to kill or remove microor­ ganisms on living tissue Bacteriostatic—an agent or method that inhibits metab­ olism or reproduction of bacteria Bacteriocidal/bacteriocide—an agent or method that kills bacteria but not their spor ...
The Human Defence System
The Human Defence System

... • Trigger production of killer T-cells ...
326: Microbiology Review: Pathogens and Disease
326: Microbiology Review: Pathogens and Disease

... than a virus and are unique, because they lack a genome (all other known infectious agents contain genetic material). The word prion represents the term proteinaceous infectious particle. Protein particles exist in two forms. The normal, an innocuous (harmless) protein called PrPc can change its sha ...
Mechanosensing in T Lymphocyte Activation Edward Judokusumo, Erdem Tabdanov, Sudha Kumari,
Mechanosensing in T Lymphocyte Activation Edward Judokusumo, Erdem Tabdanov, Sudha Kumari,

... explored predominantly in anchorage-dependent cells and the specific context of integrin- and cadherin-based adhesion. As a complementary system, we demonstrate here mechanosensing by T lymphocytes, key modulators of adaptive immunity. T cells are activated through engagement of the T-cell receptor ...
The Immune System and Its Functioning
The Immune System and Its Functioning

... passive immunity were produced somewhere other than your own body. Infants have passive immunity because they are born with antibodies that were transferred through their mother’s placenta. These antibodies will not remain in the body for very long. Most of the time they will disappear between the a ...
Activation and Function
Activation and Function

... as well as transplanted foreign cells. CD8+ T cells recognize a combination of peptide in association with MHC class I molecules. CD8+ T cells also synthesize cytokines "IFN-, TNF-, IL-4. Activation of CD8+ T cells involve first signal "peptideMHC-TCR", the second or costimulatory signals, in addi ...
Document
Document

... • 2% meiotic recombination rate generates population diversity •Crossover: Haplotypes, normally, are inherited intact and hence antigens encoded by different loci are inherited together (e.g., A2; B27; Cw2; DPw6; DQw9; DRw2). However, on occasions, there is crossing over between two parental chromos ...
Wet Mount Proficiency Test 2003 A
Wet Mount Proficiency Test 2003 A

... [ ] [ ] [°] Yeast cell(s) with bud/s & without There is lots to look at in this micrograph. It was taken with phase contrast to make the details stand out more clearly. The large squamous epithelial cell (item 1) is not a clue cell; too much normal cellular detail and no covering of bacterial cells. ...
Mechanisms of Disordered Immune Regulation
Mechanisms of Disordered Immune Regulation

... Lymphocytes=15%, Hb=9.2, Plt=132,000  Family history – the parents are first cousins and the mother’s sister had a baby died at 6 month of age because of infection 3 years ago. ...
Immune Regulation in the Male Genital Tract
Immune Regulation in the Male Genital Tract

... and subsequently transported and presented on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) in association with class 2 major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules can be recognized by the CD4 + cell. Macrophages, one of the major APC, are present in the male genital tract4. In their resting state, m ...
Unit VI: Immunity and Diseases
Unit VI: Immunity and Diseases

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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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