• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases
Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases

... SARS, the hemorrhagic fever virus (RVFV) and the enteric rotavirus that cause significant diarrhoeal disease in infants developing countries. The long-term aim of PMBD research is to gain a fully rounded understanding of the complex and dynamic ways by which pathogens modulate virulence and interact ...
Ch 19 Packet
Ch 19 Packet

... Date ______________ ...
File
File

... A dead or weakened bacteria or virus that is injected into the blood When introduced into the body, it stimulates the immune system; which learns to protect itself from the pathogen by making specific antibodies which immunizes the individual against the disease. ...
presentation source
presentation source

... • can be transmitted from one host to another (communicable) • some infections acquired from indigenous flora are categorized as communicable. ...
From Primary Immunodeficiency to Autoimmunity
From Primary Immunodeficiency to Autoimmunity

... lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, fetal liver, and spleen). In the thymus, this induces ectopic expression of self-antigens that are otherwise restricted to peripheral tissues, the tissue-restricted antigens (TRA). If this is carried either acting directly as a transcription factor or by regulating mTEC ...
Prof. Lester`s BI 203 Practice Exam 3
Prof. Lester`s BI 203 Practice Exam 3

... D) It is found only in gram-negative bacteria. E) It may be due to increased uptake of a drug. 19) In the presence of penicillin, a cell dies because A) It lacks a cell wall. B) It plasmolyzes. C) It undergoes osmotic lysis. D) It lacks a cell membrane. E) Its contents leak out. 20) Which of the fol ...
Bone marrow
Bone marrow

... considered a "primary" B-cell until it "switches" its membrane immunoglobulin to another isotype. In addition B-cells in bone marrow undergo gene rearrangement, where the germline genes encoding the variable and hypervariable regions of the immunoglobulin light and heavy chains take place in the bon ...
LECTURE 8 Immunopathologic processes Theme 11. Immune
LECTURE 8 Immunopathologic processes Theme 11. Immune

cytokine storm
cytokine storm

... including therapy that targets the host immune response. Anti-inflammatory agents that dampen the cytokine responses during influenza infection have been shown to decrease morbidity and mortality . There are a number of anti-inflammatory treatments used to treat autoimmunity, including TNF blockers, ...
Humoral and Cellular Immunity
Humoral and Cellular Immunity

... for destruction by phagocytes, which are cells that phagocytose (ingest) harmful microorganism and dead or dying cells. Some antibodies, when bound to antigens, activate the complement, serum proteins able to destroy pathogens or to induce the destruction of pathogens. These antibodies are called co ...
chapt21_immune2
chapt21_immune2

... Specific Immunity • two types of specific immunity – cellular (cell-mediated) immunity: (T cells) • lymphocytes directly attack and destroy foreign cells or diseased host cells • can attack pathogens that reside inside human cells, where they are inaccessible to antibodies – kills cells that harbor ...
Humoral and Cellular Immunity
Humoral and Cellular Immunity

... for destruction by phagocytes, which are cells that phagocytose (ingest) harmful microorganism and dead or dying cells. Some antibodies, when bound to antigens, activate the complement, serum proteins able to destroy pathogens or to induce the destruction of pathogens. These antibodies are called co ...
Lymphatic Study Guide - Belle Vernon Area School District
Lymphatic Study Guide - Belle Vernon Area School District

... _________________________1. Results from natural exposure to an antigen that causes the body's immune system to respond against the antigen. _________________________2. Results when an antigen is deliberately introduced into an individual to stimulate his immune system; also called vaccination. ____ ...
BASIS: A Biological Approach to System Information Security
BASIS: A Biological Approach to System Information Security

... incredible number of possible distinctly different proteins. The antibodies are proteins themselves which, by the nature of their amino acids at the binding sites, can bind strongly to specific short sequences of amino acids. These specific amino acid sequences may then appear within the longer sequ ...
Herpes viruses
Herpes viruses

... such as CXCR4 on T-cells and CCR5 on macrophages are also important for binding and infection. HIV causes proliferation and lysis of T-cells resulting in immune suppression, and there is also a persistent low level infection of macrophages. Immune suppression increases susceptibility to secondary in ...
Chap 43 Immune Syst
Chap 43 Immune Syst

... freely in blood plasma); cells mature in bone marrow and then circulate freely – T cells produce cell-mediated immunity (antibodies remain attached to lymphocytes); cells are produced in bone marrow then migrate to thymus gland for further development ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... This increase was associated with longer telomere lengths, improved immune effector function, and ...
The Innate Immune Response
The Innate Immune Response

... context of defense against infectious pathogens, the classical definition of immunity. Innate immunity refers to defense mechanisms that have evolved to specifically recognize microbes and protect individuals against infections. Adaptive immunity consists of mechanisms that are stimulated and are ca ...
Path_ggf_8i
Path_ggf_8i

... context of defense against infectious pathogens, the classical definition of immunity. Innate immunity refers to defense mechanisms that have evolved to specifically recognize microbes and protect individuals against infections. Adaptive immunity consists of mechanisms that are stimulated and are ca ...
Immune system - Napa Valley College
Immune system - Napa Valley College

Exam4StudyQuestions
Exam4StudyQuestions

...  How (in detail) does a synapse transfer an action potential from one neuron to the next?  Be familiar with some examples of how various drugs influence neurotransmitters.  Some neurotransmitters are generally excitatory and others are generally inhibitory. What causes that difference in reponse ...
Chapter 19 Blood Lecture Outline
Chapter 19 Blood Lecture Outline

... (slow, initiated by factors present in blood) (can occur in a test tube) ...
Monday, June 1 Registration 15:00 – Keynote Lecture 17:00 – 18:20
Monday, June 1 Registration 15:00 – Keynote Lecture 17:00 – 18:20

... REPERTOIRE SELECTION Ludger Klein POSITIVE SELECTION BY THYMOPROTEASOME-EXPRESSING THYMIC EPITHELIAL CELLS SHAPES IMMUNOCOMPETENT REPERTOIRE OF CD8 T CELLS Yousuke Takahama INTRATHYMIC REGULATION OF GAMMA DELTA T CELL REPERTOIRE AND FUNCTION Adrian Hayday BASIS FOR SELECTION OF MHC-INDEPENDENT ab T ...
Immunity through Swarms: Agent-based Simulations of the Human
Immunity through Swarms: Agent-based Simulations of the Human

... the antigenic membrane, thereby causing lysis of the cell. Opsonization is a variation on this scheme whereby complement proteins or antibodies will attach to foreign cells and thereby stimulate phagocytes to ingest those cells. Cooperation between antibodies and complement proteins with phagocytes, ...
1. Diagnosis of patients with immunodeficiency
1. Diagnosis of patients with immunodeficiency

... increasingly being recognised; these may not cause problems until later in life. Immunodeficiency secondary to other diseases are much more common than primary immunodeficiency and can be the result of infection or other disease processes. The importance of specific immune defects is that they illus ...
< 1 ... 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 ... 514 >

Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report