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The Role of Macrophages in the Placenta
The Role of Macrophages in the Placenta

... and many of these macrophages are present throughout pregnancy (Chang et al., 1993) Placental macrophages reside within fetal chorionic villi and uterine decidua during pregnancy, where they assist placental development, manage host defense, and maintain pregnancy. Fetal placental macrophages and ma ...
THE IMMUNOLOGICAL BASIS OF ME/CFS: what is already
THE IMMUNOLOGICAL BASIS OF ME/CFS: what is already

Design of Noninflammatory Synthetic siRNA Mediating Potent Gene
Design of Noninflammatory Synthetic siRNA Mediating Potent Gene

... As part of the innate defense mechanism against invading pathogens, the mammalian immune system is activated by a number of exogenous RNA [10–12] and DNA species [13], resulting in the release of inflammatory cytokines and interferons (IFN) such as IFN-a. Initial studies on the off-target effects of ...
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The... copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The... copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research

... steps are used to reduce the acute cytotoxic effects. The most comprehensive mechanism of arsenic tolerance in yeast is provided by three contiguous gene clusters: ARR1, ARR2, and ARR3. ARR1 encodes a transcription factor that regulates the transcription of arsenate reductase Arr2p and the arsenite ...
View - OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center
View - OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center

... complement-mediated lysis. LVSG and LVSR are variant strains derived from LVS that have altered surface carbohydrate structures and are susceptible to complement-mediated lysis in serum. C3b deposition, however, occurs on each strain tested, indicating that complement is not solely activated by var ...
View Full Text-PDF
View Full Text-PDF

... enterotoxemias, in sheep, goats, and other animals have been attributed to C. perfringens. In humans, it can cause gangrene and gastrointestinal diseases. C. perfringens strains are classified into five toxinotypes, A, B, C, D, and E, based on the production of major toxins , , , and . Interest in d ...
Role of extracellular ATP in immunity and intestinal defence
Role of extracellular ATP in immunity and intestinal defence

... correlate with disease activity, functional outcome and joint damage in RA [21, 22]. CRP has also been proposed as an important biomarker for IBD, reflecting ongoing inflammation in the gut and correlating with disease activity [23]. Immunoregulatory defects in innate and adaptive immune responses a ...
Internal affairs: investigating the Brucella intracellular lifestyle
Internal affairs: investigating the Brucella intracellular lifestyle

Commins, et al, JACI, 2014
Commins, et al, JACI, 2014

... ii. IgE plasma cells can be derived by direct switch from IgM or via IgG B cells which have undergone maturation in germinal centers . iii. They suggest that only IgE antibodies made via the germinal center route are relevant to allergic disease and even that low affinity antibodies are protective. ...
catarrhali
catarrhali

... The production of Beta -lactamase by Moraxella catarrhalis, was first reported in1977. Today, more than 90% of the strains isolated worldwide produce beta-lactamase.In Moraxella catarrhalis two types of Beta-lactamases can be found that are phenotypically identical: the BRO-1 and BRO-2 types. The en ...
cbcs - University of Madras
cbcs - University of Madras

... spectrofluorimeter, research microscopes with fluorescence, phase contrast and photography, electrophoretic and blotting systems, inverted microscope, stereo zoom microscope, ultra deep freezers, rotary vacuum flash evaporator, cell culture facility and temperature and light controlled animal room f ...
bacteriophages
bacteriophages

... little studied, probably because most phages are already excellent antigens. Wahl and Lewi (1939) obtained a marked improvement in the antigenicity of a low-titer B. mbtilis phage by adsorption to alumina. Intraperitoneal injection of 3 X 108 particles of unadsorbed phage gave little or no antibody ...
Exosomes and Exosomal RNA – A Way of Cell-to-Cell
Exosomes and Exosomal RNA – A Way of Cell-to-Cell

Alice M. Nyakeriga RELATION OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS, IMMUNITY, HEMOGLOBINOPATHY AND
Alice M. Nyakeriga RELATION OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS, IMMUNITY, HEMOGLOBINOPATHY AND

... antigenic variation and may thus, involve various components of the immune system. Indeed, immunity to parasites such as Plasmodium during malaria infection, provides a clear account of how host immune responses operate and how parasites can subvert immunity. Immunity to Plasmodium infection involve ...
Platelets: versatile effector cells in hemostasis, inflammation, and the
Platelets: versatile effector cells in hemostasis, inflammation, and the

... hemostatic and proinflammatory activities (see review by Akassoglou, this symposium) to fibrin. This complex biochemical cascade is triggered by the exposure of subendothelial collagen and catalyzed by tissue factor (TF) and the pivotal coagulant protease and inflammatory modulator, thrombin [37, 39 ...
Pathogenesis of PSC
Pathogenesis of PSC

HLA-G - DTU CBS
HLA-G - DTU CBS

... of HLA genes or closely linked loci on reproductive processes, (studies in the Hutterites by Ober and co-workers)  Many studies have focused on a possible increased sharing of HLA alleles/haplotypes between the mother and the father(/the fetus) in RM. However, ’HLA sharing’ is a controversial issue ...
NOD2, an intracellular innate immune sensor involved in
NOD2, an intracellular innate immune sensor involved in

Evaluation of Immune Responses to Novel Adeno-Associated Viruses
Evaluation of Immune Responses to Novel Adeno-Associated Viruses

... and a single polyadenylation site near the 3´ end. Dependoviruses were given their name due to the fact that their life cycle is “dependent” on the presence of a helper virus for efficient viral replication, although AAV replication has been observed in the absence of helper viruses under specific c ...
Molecular and functional analyses of lectins in
Molecular and functional analyses of lectins in

... these proteins are binding to mannose and mannan, confirming their lectin activity. They do not appear to be involved in sugar metabolism, but this should be investigated more thoroughly. In addition, it was demonstrated that these lectins are able to bind to specific pathogens such as Candida albic ...
RESPIRATORY PATHOGENS IN THOROUGHBRED FOALS UP TO ONE YEAR OF AGE
RESPIRATORY PATHOGENS IN THOROUGHBRED FOALS UP TO ONE YEAR OF AGE

... suckling and a day after suckling. Thereafter the foals were examined monthly for the presence of respiratory disease and specimens taken. The following specimens were collected from each foal: three nasopharyngeal swabs, (one for virus isolation, one for bacteria and fungus isolation, and one for m ...
Chapter 3
Chapter 3

... Cells that are able to recognize and respond to antigen ...
Hen egg yolk antibodies - Les Presses agronomiques de Gembloux
Hen egg yolk antibodies - Les Presses agronomiques de Gembloux

... Functionally, the bird’s immune system can be divided into two parts: one innate, but non-specific, while the other part is acquired and specific. The acquired immune system is characterized by specificity, heterogeneity, and memory. This system is divided into cellular branch and non-cellular (humoral ...
Burkholderia pseudomallei: AN UPDATE ON DISEASE
Burkholderia pseudomallei: AN UPDATE ON DISEASE

Title: A longitudinal study of BCG vaccination: dynamics
Title: A longitudinal study of BCG vaccination: dynamics

... mitogens or to stimuli of the innate immune system. Moreover, environmental factors ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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