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17. SCHOOL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES
The School of Basic Medical Sciences consists of the Departments of Anatomy, Endocrinology, Genetics, Medical
Biochemistry, Microbiology, Pathology, Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology and Physiology.
Along with the establishment of Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (PGIBMS), the division of Medical
Biochemistry was first established in March 1968. In January 1969, the divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics came into being.
Subsequently, all these divisions became independent departments. Later, the PGIBMS was expanded in 1976 when the Taramani
campus started functioning, with the addition of the departments of Microbiology, Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology
and Physiology. The third phase of expansion of PGIBMS was in 1977, when the departments of Anatomy and Pathology were
added. All departments are involved in active research, training Ph.D. students and offering postgraduate degree programmes.
The department of Anatomy offers M.Sc. Anatomy and M.S. Neuroscience programmes. It is a DST-FIST supported
department carrying out research in neural transplantation, cortical localization, and neuro-electrophysiology in primates and
comparative neuroanatomy of primates including man,. The department has a well-equipped aseptic operation theatre, tissue
processing laboratory, neuroimmunology laboratory, rare collections of histological slides, audio-visual teaching aids and video and
audio cassette library. It has several sophisticated equipment like cryostat, vibrotome, microscope, fluorescent microscope, stereo
zoom microscope, neonatal incubator, surgical diathermy, bio-monitor, X-ray machine, electro-physiological unipolar cortical
stimulator etc.
The department of Endocrinology is a research department recognized by UGC for Departmental Research Support under
UGC Special Assistance Programme (UGC-SAP-DRS-I) to facilitate research in the following thrust areas since 1999.(1)
Reproductive and Molecular Endocrinology and (2) Environmental Endocrinology. The UGC-SAP-DRS-II programme is in
operation since 2004. UGC has also selected this department for its Assistance for Infrastructural development in science and
technology (ASIST) since April 2005 to create infrastructure for offering the new M.Sc. Biomedical Science programme and for
research in Environmental Endocrinology and Hormone Toxicity. The Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India has
selected the department for infrastructural and equipment facilities for Research indents FIST programme from 2000 onwards. In
addition to this, the department is funded by various National Agencies such as DBT, CSIR, DST, DAE, ICMR and UGC. The
department undertakes research works involving evaluation of hormones and receptors at the level of genes, in endocrines,
reproductive, bone and metabolic disorders and cancer. The department has sophisticated equipments like electroporator, PCR
machine, ELISA reader, CO2 incubators, vacuum concentrator, ion-exchange chromatography, double beam spectrophotometer,
spectrofluorimeter, research microscopes with fluorescence, phase contrast and photography, electrophoretic and blotting systems,
inverted microscope, stereo zoom microscope, ultra deep freezers, rotary vacuum flash evaporator, cell culture facility and
temperature and light controlled animal room facility. The department has BARC recognized radioisotope laboratory. The
department also offers M.Phil. and Ph.D. programmes in Endocrinology and two elective papers for M.Sc. CBCS students and a
P.G. Diploma in Applied Endocrinology.
The department of Genetics is supported under DST-FIST programme. The faculty members pursue basic and applied
research in frontier areas of Genetics that has direct/indirect bearing on health care. The areas of interest include clinical
cytogenetics (mental retardation, infertility and birth defects), molecular and biochemical genetics (lysosomal storage disorders,
hearing, visual and speech disorders), molecular biology (intron-exon organization, DNA-drug genotoxicity, evaluation and search
for potential antimutagens, occupational risk assessment etc.). The department offers postgraduate research programmes leading to
M.Sc. (Biomedical Genetics and Molecular Biology), M.Phil. and Ph.D. degrees. The department has animal house, cold room,
departmental library and a centralized instrumentation facility, which includes thermo cyclers, transilluminator, spectrophotometer,
refrigerated centrifuges, DNA sequencer, fluorescence microscope etc. The department also offers consultancy services on genetic
counseling, clinical cytogenetics, genetic toxicology evaluation of suspected compounds and molecular and biochemical diagnosis
of lysosomal disorders.
The department of Medical Biochemistry offers M.Sc. Medical Biochemistry. It is a UGC-SAP-DRS I and DST-FIST
supported department specializing in metabolic free radical mediated diseases including Diabetes mellitus, artherosclerosis,
alcoholism, kidney stone disease, cancer, ageing and biochemical toxicology. The facilities of the department include various
sophisticated instruments including Scintilation counter, Double beam UV spectrophotometers, spectrofluorimeter, epiflurescence
microscope, ultracentrifuge, super speed refrigerated centrifuges, ELISA readers, deep freezers, equilibrium dialyzers,
electrophoresis units, thin layer and column chromatographic systems. The department offers expert consultancy in clinical
biochemistry in selected areas of metabolic disorders and kidney stone disease.
The department of Microbiology offers M.Sc. Medical Microbiology and M.D. Microbiology and is a UGC-SAP-DRS-I
and DST-FIST department. The faculty members do research in medical microbiology (diarrhoeal diseases, new diarrhoea
pathogens, respiratory pathogens, hospital acquired bacterial, fungal and viral infections; sequelae; Herpes keratitis; AIDS.
Immunology (development of diagnostic kits for microbial characterization of bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens by RFLP,
cloning and sequencing and development of antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral agents from medicinal plants and marine
organisms; Indigenous development of vaccines; Evaluation of industrial products like vaccines, drugs, devices, kits, disinfectants
etc. The facilities of the department include tissue culture systems; antigen & antibody purification and characterization;
preservation of microbial cultures; In vitro and in vivo laboratory models for drug and vaccine development; design and conduction
of clinical trials, evaluation etc. The sophisticated equipments of the department are : ELISA systems, HPLC, UV- vis
spectrophotometer, UV- Transilluminator with photography, PCR – Systems, Ultracentrifuge and refrigerated centrifuge,
lyophiliser, luminometer, tissue culture laminar flow systems, environmental temperature controlled shakers, ice flaker, deep
1
freezers, liquid nitrogen cylinders, different electrophoresis systems including blotting systems and chromatographic systems, CO2
Incubator and water purification systems.
The department of Pathology offers M.D.Pathology and Diplomo in Clinical Pathology programmes. The faculty carry
out research in histopathology, immunology, haematology, haematopathology, immuno-histochemistry and in situ hybridisation.
The facilities of the department are histopathology with frozen section facilities, histochemistry cytochemistry,
immunohistochemisstry in situ hybridization for viral DNA and RNA.
The department is a referral centre for
immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry. The department is also a WHO training centre for immunohistochemistry and
cytochemistry.
The department of Pharmacology & Environmental Toxicology offers M.Sc. Environmental toxicology and
M.D.Pharmacology and is a UGC- SAP- DRS-I AND DST-FIST department. The faculty members carryout intensive research in
experimental pharmacology, phytopharmacology, traditional medicine formulations, immuno-pharmacology and toxicology,
neuropharmacology and toxicology, cardiovascular pharmacology, aquatic toxicology, environmental toxicology and food
toxicology. The expertise and facilities can be used for screening of pharmacological as well as toxicological profile of drugs and
medicinal plants as well as toxicology evaluation of specific environmental pollutants. The department has the sophisticated
equipment of florescence spectrophotometer, high pressure liquid chromatography, UV visible spectrophotometer, soft laser
screening densitometer, refrigerated centrifuge, thin layer chromatography system, high speed kymograph for anesthetized animal
experiments, physiograph, electro cardio graph, rota-rod, actophotometer, electrophoresis unit, flame photometer, liquid nitrogen
cylinder etc.
The department of Physiology offers M.Sc. Physiology programme. The faculty members carry out research in the areas
of neuroimmunomodulation, stress physiology, liver regeneration, cassava studies and medical / laboratory instrumentation. The
facilities of the department include recording of basic physiological data, behavioral studies in small animals, all common
biochemical investigations, all haematological investigations, computer facility for physiological data acquisition etc. The
sophisticated instruments of the department are HPLC (Waters) with ECD detector, spectroflurometer, UV- visible
spectrophotometer, flame photometer, single channel strip chart recorder (physiograph), 8-Channel physiological data recorder
(Polyrite), Single Channel ECG recorder, deep freezers, laminar flow hood, ultrasonic disintegrator etc.
Faculty
Dr. A. Ramesh, Ph.D.
-
Chairperson
Anatomy
V. Sankar, Ph.D.
S. Prakash, Ph.D.
R.Rameshkumar
Endocrinology
M. Michael Aruldhas,
M.Phil., Ph.D.
N. Srinivasan, M.Phil., Ph.D.
K. Balasubramanian,
M.Phil., Ph.D.
J. Arunakaran, M.Phil., Ph.D.
B. Ravisankar, M.Phil., Ph.D.
-
Lecturer & Head in-charge
Lecturer
Lecturer
-
Professor and Head
Professor
-
Professor
Lecturer
Lecturer
-
Professor and Head
Professor
Professor
Reader
Reader
Lecturer
-
Professor and Head
Professor
Professor
Professor
Lecturer
Lecturer
Genetics
A. Ramesh, Ph.D.
S.T. Santhiya, M.Phil., Ph.D.
Malathy Raghunathan, Ph.D.
G. Jayaraman, Ph.D.
A. K. Munirajan, Ph.D.
N. Chandra, M.Phil., Ph.D.
Medical Biochemistry
P. Varalakshmi, Ph.D.
C. Panneerselvam, Ph.D.
D. Sakthisekaran, Ph.D.
P. Sachithanandam, Ph.D.
P. Kalaiselvi, Ph.D.
T.Sumathi, Ph.D.
2
Microbiology
T. Sundarraj, Ph.D.
P. Rajendran, Ph.D.
Thangam Menon, Ph.D.
R. Elanchezian, Ph.D.
Padma Krishnan, Ph.D.
S.Srivani
Pathology
-
Professor and Head
Professor
Professor
Professor
Lecturer
Lecturer
Rama Gopalan, M.D.
P. Shanthi, M.D.
K. Rekha, M.D.
-
Professor and Head
Professor
Lecturer
Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology
R. Venkatakrishnamurali,
M.D., Ph.D.S.L. Maheswari, Ph.D.
M.P. Balasubramanian, Ph.D.
S. Karthikeyan, Ph.D.
P.Senthilkumaran Ph.D.
-
Professor and Head
Professor
Professor
Sr.Lecturer
Lecturer
Physiology
R. Sheela Devi, Ph.D.
R. Ravindran, Ph.D.
-
Lecturer and Head in-charge
Lecturer
M.Sc. BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Dr. ALM PGIBMS, University of Madras
Taramani Campus, Chennai – 600 113
M.Sc. Medical Biochemistry
Course Contents
3
C- Core E- Elective L – Lecture
* - Compulsory Elective
T – Tutorial
P – Practical
FIRST SEMESTER
BMS –C001- CHEMISTRY OF BIOMOLECULES
Core Course
Course No.
Course title
C
/
E
L
T
P
Credit
s
Chemistry of Biomolecules
Biophysical Chemistry and Analytical Techniques
Cellular Biochemistry
Practical I
Elective
Elective
Soft skill
II Semester
Food Sciences and Nutrition
Principles of Immunology
Macromolecular Biosynthesis
Practical II
Elective
Elective
Soft skill
Internship
III Semester
Enzymes and Enzyme Technology
Molecular Physiology and Cell signaling
Medical Biotechnology
Practical III
Elective
Elective
Soft skill
IV Semester
Hormonal Biochemistry
Metabolic and Gene Regulation
Molecular basis of diseases
Soft skill
Project
Elective Courses
C
C
C
C
E
E
S
3
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
-
3
3
3
4
3
3
2
C
C
C
C
E
E
S
S
3
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
3
3
4
4
3
3
2
2
C
C
C
C
E
E
S
3
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
C
C
C
S
C
3
3
3
1
1
1
-
3
-
-
4
3
4
2
6
Principles of Biochemistry – I
Principles of Biochemistry –II
Intermediary Metabolism*
E
E
E
2
2
2
1
1
1
-
3
3
3
I Semester
BMS –C001
BMS –C002
BMS –C003
BMS –C004
UOM S 001
BMS –C005
BMS –C006
BMS –C007
BMS –C008
UOM S 002
BMS –C009
BMS –C010
BMS –C011
BMS –C012
UOM S 003
BMS –C013
BMS –C014
BMS –C015
UOM S 004
BMS –C016
BMS –E001
BMS –E002
BMS –E003
-
-
4
4
4
4
3
3
2
Unit – I
INTRODUCTION : Chemistry of Monomeric Units of Polysaccharides, Proteins and Nucleic acids (structure
and function only). Isolation and purification of Polysaccharides, Proteins and Nucleic acids, Determination of molecular
Weight and shape of Polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids.
Unit – II
POLYSACCHARIDES: General Methods of investigating the structure, methylation, acetylation, graded
degradation of acid hydrolysis, enzymic hydrolysis and periodate oxidation methods.
Homoglycans:
Occurrence, structure, isolation, purification, properties and biological functions of glycans.
A brief account of chitin, nectans, mannans, xylans, galactans and galacturonans.
Heteroglycans and Complex carbohydrates: Occurrence ,structure, isolation, purification, properties and
biological functions of mucopolysaccharides, bacterial cell wall Polysaccharides, sialic acids and blood group
substances. A brief account of Polysaccharides with xylane backbone, Polysaccharides with glucose and manose
4
backbone and Polysaccharides with galactose backbone. Chemical synthesis of Polysaccharides
Unit III – PROTEIN -I
Terminology :
(functions)
Peptide bond, peptides, polypeptides, and proteins. Protein as biological
machinery
Structure: Primary, secondary and tertiary structure of proteins and its determination. Conformation of protein
structure and its study with absorption of spectroscopy, polarization spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction methods.
Peptide synthesis, organization of amino acids in peptide chain, organization of peptide chain in protein,
Ramachandran’s plot. Determination of amino acid sequence- insulin.
Classification of Proteins:
Fibrous proteins, structure of α keratin, collagen and filamentous proteins, Globular proteins- structure and
function of hemoglobin. Properties of proteins in aqueous solutions:
isoelectric
pH,
acid
base
properties,
electrophoretic mobility, influence of ionic concentration on the protein solubility, hydrolysis of proteins, denaturation and
renaturation of proteins, protein stability
UNIT – IV- PROTEIN – II
Lysozyme- A case study – structure, enzymic activity, mechanism of action, the ionization state of side chains
and denaturation of lysozyme. Metalloprotein- A case study- The biological periodic table, the relative importance of the
metal and protein components of metalloprotein; a hierarchy of behaviour from metal to metalloprotein.
Unit V
NUCLEIC ACIDS:
structure, chemical and enzymic methods of sequence analysis, properties in
aqueous solutions, sedimentation behaviour, viscosity, hyper-chromic effect, melting point of DNA, hydrolysis of Nucleic
acids, hybridization techniques and chemical synthesis of Nucleic acids.
LIPIDS : Classification, properties, structure and functions; Lipoproteins- structure, composition and function.
Books Recommended :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Biochemistry by Geoffrey L Zubay, Fourth Edition, 1998
Fundamentals of Biochemistry by Donald Voet, Judith Voet and Pratt, second edition, 1995
Harper’s Biochemistry by Murray etal. Appleton and Lange Publishers, 27 h edition, 2006
Principles of Biochemistry with human focus by Garrett and Grisham, Harcourt College Publishers, Orlando,
Florida, USA. 2005
Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger, Nelson and Cox, fourth edition, W H Freeman and Company, New
York, USA, 2005
Textbook of Biochemistry by West and Todd, Fourth Edition, 1966
Chemistry of Natural Products, Volume I by Chatwal and Anand, Himalaya Publishing House, India 2002
Fundamentals of Biochemistry by J L Jain, Sanjay Jain and Nitin Jain, Sixth Edition, S. Chand Publishers,
India, 2005
BMS –C002 - BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AND ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES
Core Course
Unit I
Physical properties of water, structure of water, hydrogen bonding, dipole moment, ionization of water, pH
scale, acids, bases and buffers, pH measurements
Bond angles, bond lengths, contact distances, asymmetry of right handed and left handed molecules
Osmotic pressure, osmolarity of fluids and electrolyte balance. Donnan membrane equilibrium, dialysis.
Surface tension and viscosity of blood.
5
Electrochemical techniques- principles of redox reactions, pH electrode, Clarke’s Oxygen electrode and their
applications.
Unit II
Centrifugation principles, basic principles and laws of sedimentation. Preparative and analytical
ultracentrifuges. Sedimentation equilibrium methods. Types of separation methods in preparative centrifuges.
Differential and density gradient centrifugation. Analysis of sub-cellular fractions. Estimation of purity of macromolecules
and detection of conformational changes.
General approaches to biochemical investigations. Organ and tissue slice technique. Cell disruption and
homogenizing techniques. Cell sorting and cell counting. Cryopresevation. Microscopy, Cytophotometryand Flow
cytometry, manometric techniques.
Unit III
Chromatography: Theory and practice, column chromatography, column efficiency and resolution. Types of
adsorption chromatography- hydroxyapatite chromatography and hydrophobic-interaction chromatography (HIC). Types
of partition chromatography- normal phase and reverse phase- liquid chromatography, chiral and counter current
chromatography.
Paper
chromatography,
ion-exchange
chromatography.
Exclusion
chromatography,
chromatofocussing, affinity chromatography. Principles and application of GLC, LC, LPLC and HPLC. Selection of
chromatographic systems.
Unit IV
Electrophoretic principles, support media, factors affecting electrophoresis. Types of electrophoretic
techniques-zonal and disc electrophoresis. High and low voltage electrophoresis. Principles and applications of PAGE.
Isoelectric focusing, Isotachophoresis, PFGE and capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis of proteins and nucleic
acids.
Unit V
Spectroscopy: basic laws of light absorption, optical rotatory dispersion, circular dichroism, X-ray diffraction.
UV and visible light spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry. Atomic flame photometry, Plasma emission spectroscopy,
infra-red spectrophotometry. Basic principles, instrumentation and application of mass spectrometry, Tandem mass
spectroscopy, ESR and NMR.
Radiochemical methods, basic concepts, detection, counting methods and applications, autoradiography,
Cerenkov radiation.
Enzymes monitoring techniques and assay methods.
Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Practical Biochemistry – Keith Wilson & John Walker, fifth edition, Cambridge Universtiy Press, UK (2000)
Analytical Biochemistry & Separation Techniques – Palanivelu third edition (2004)
Principles of Instrumental analysis – Skoog, Holler, Nieman, fifth edition Published by Harcourt College
Publishers, Singapore (2001)
Enzymes Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Clinical Chemistry– Trevor Palmer, Published by Horwood
Publishing Chichester, UK (2001)
Biochemical calculations – Irwin H. Segel, second edition, John Wiley & Sons, USA (1976)
Biochemistry, The Chemistry of Living cells – David E Metzler, second edition, Harcourt Academic Press,
USA, 2001
BMS –C003 – CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
Core Course
Unit-I
Plasma Membrane : Biochemical composition :Membrane proteins glycophorin, bacteriothodopsin, membrane
bound enzymes-cell surface antigens, Molecular organization, freeze fracture technique and fluid mosaic model, lipid
and protein fluidity and molecular mobility of proteins.
Isolation and characterization of plasma model membranes: isolation techniques for making multilamellar
vesicle, bilayer, reconstitution of proteins into vesicles, liposomes.
6
Unit-II
Mitochondria-Structure of mitochondria, inner and outer membrane, cristae, matrix aerobic respiration,
respiratory chain carriers, respiratory enzyme complexes and redox potential, inhibitors of respiratory chain,
uncouplers,.
Thermodynamic principles, Energy rich bonds, coupled reactions and oxidative phosphorylations, Bioenergetics.
Reconstitution experiments, theories on oxidative phosphorylationChemiosmotic hypothesis- loop
mechanism, respiratory control, inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation.
Microsomal electron transport: Components and function-cyt p450-biosynthesis of steroids and their
detoxification, oxidation of xenobiotics, microsomal hydroxylations and NADPH- dependent mixed function oxidation.
Unit-III:
Membrane transport: Small molecules, simple diffusion, Donnan equilibrium, diffusion of charged and
uncharged particles, Flick’s law, Nernst law passive transport.
Facilitated transport :Pores and channels-properties, carriers, specificity, ionophores
Transport proteins: Periplasmic binding proteins.
Active transport : Energy for active transport. Na pump models mechanisms, Ca pump, ATP dependent proton
pump.
Co-transport: Symport and Antiport; sodium dependent glucose transport aminoacids and calcium.
Unit-IV
Microtubules-Structure, function and assembly, Colchicine interaction- formation of centrioles, basal bodies
and mitotic spindle, cytokinesis.
Golgi apparatus: ultra structural organization – cisternae dictysomes: functions: exocytosis: Protein maturation
and modifications; sorting of proteins.
Ribosomes: Assembly of ribosomal sub units.
Lysosomes: formation and function- phagocytosis, nucleus-Nuclear envelope: pore complex: NucleolusStructure and composition: Chromosome: Chromatin structure.
Nucleosome, histone and non histone proteins.
Unit-V
Vesicular traffic in the secretory and endocytic pathwaysTransport from a) the ER through Golgi apparatus b)Trans Golgi Network to Lysosomes
Mannose 6-Phosphate receptor shuttles
Transport in excitable cells. Internalization of macromolecules by phagocytosis, endocytosis and exocytosis.
Pinocytosis: Receptor mediated endocytosis- delivery of iron by transferring and infection.
The molecular mechanisms of vesicular transport and maintenance of compartmental diversity.
Books Recommended :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Biochemistry by Donald Voet and Judith Voet, third edition, Published by John Wiley & Sons, USA, (2004)
Molecular Biology of the cell-Bruce Alberts Alexander John, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter
Walter, fourth Edition, Garland Science, Taylor and Francis Group, New york, USA (2002)
The cell and molecular approach -Geoffrey M. Cooper and Robert E Hausmann, third edition, ASM Press,
Sinauer Associates Inc, Washington, DC (2007).
Molecular cell Biology –Lodish Baltimore, Berk, Matsudaira, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Zipursky, Darnell, fifth
edition, Published by WH Freeman and Company, USA (2004) .
Biochemistry –Jeremy M Berg, John L Tymoczko and Lubert Stryer, fifth edition, Published by WH Freeman
and Company, USA (2007).
7
BMS –C004 - Practical I
1.
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Preparation of buffers and titration curves for simple acids and amino acids
Separation Procedures
Separation of amino acids and sugars by paper Chromatography
Separation of aminoacids, protein and protein hydrolysate by Ion Exchange Chromatography
Separation of lipids by TLC
Separation of plant pigments by column chromatography
Separation of protein by Gel filtration
Separation of glycoprotein by PAGE and lipoprotein by Agar Gel Electrophoresis
1.
Subcellular fractionation of a cell by differential centrifugation and assay of markers (any two fractions
sufficient)
Nucleus (DNA), Mitochondria (SDH), Cytosol (LDH), Lysosome (Acid phosphatase), Microsome (Glucose 6
phosphatase)
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Biochemical Studies and Estimation of Macromolecules
Isolation and Estimation of Glycogen from liver
Isolation and Estimation of DNA from animal tissue
Isolation and Estimation of RNA from yeast
Separation of starch from plant source and assessment of its purity
Determination of N and C terminal aminoacids
Denaturation of DNA and UV absorption studies
3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Colorimetric Estimations
Estimation of pyruvate
Estimation of lactate
Estimation of Tryptophan
Estimation of Total and Inorganic phosphate
Estimation of protein by Lowry's method
4.
a.
Fluorimetric Estimations
Estimation of vitamin - riboflavin, thiamine
Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Textbook of Medical laboratory technology by Praful B Godkar and Darshan P Godkar, Second Edition,
Published by Bhalani Publishing House, India (2003)
Introduction to Practical Biochemistry by Sawhney and Randhir Singh, Narosa Publishing House, London
(2000)
Experiments in Biochemistry – A Hands on Approach by Shawn O Farrell and Ryan T Ranallo, Thomson
Learning Inc., USA (2000)
Essentials of Practical Biochemistry by Lalit M Srivatsava, Nibhriti Das, Subrata Sinha, Published by CBS
Publishers and Distributors, India, (2002)
Modern Experimental Biochemistry by Rodney Boyer, third edition, Published by Pearson Education Inc,
Singapore, (2001)
Varley’s Practical Clinical Biochemistry by Alan H Gowenlock, published by CBS Publishers and distributors,
India Sixth Edition (1988)
SECOND SEMESTER
BMS –C005 – Food Science and Nutrition
Core Course
Unit I
The meaning of food – Food habits – The Nutrients, Nutrition and body weight - Determination – Food and
energy – Basal metabolic rate (BMR) – Factors influencing BMR – Respiratory quotient – Food value of different
commodities, conventional and novel sources of food.
Unit II
An overview of vitamins and minerals – function of water soluble and fat soluble vitamins – vitamin preparation,
enrichment and fortification – overload and criteria of food sources – functions of minerals – requirements of macro and
micro elements – under load and overload criteria for food sources. Antioxidants and oxidative stress
8
Unit III
Nutrition for infants, children and adults – nutrition in pregnancy and lactation. Nutrition in diseases (liver
disease, pancreatic insufficiency, obesity,
alcoholism, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease) and malnutrition – Recommended daily dietary allowances.
Unit IV
Nutrition and Body’s defense – Dietary Guidelines for Disease Prevention, The Process of Cancer
Development, the body’s Defense system and Nutritional Therapy. Drug–Nutrient Interactions - Drug-Nutrient Problems
in Modern Medicine. Effects of Drugs on Food and Nutrients.
Unit V
Food Preparation and management – Food spoilage and Food preservation – Canning, Pressure canning,
Freezing, Lyophilization and ionizing radiation. Food Microbiology – Micro organisms as food and in food products –
Bacterial food poisoning and its prevention – Fermentation and fermented food products. Mycotoxins, aflatoxin, citrinin,
patulin and mycotoxicosis.
Books Recommended :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Techniques of Food Analysis – Andrew L Winton and Kate Barber Winton, Published by Agrobios (India) Ltd.,
(2001)
Human Nutrition and Dietitics, Garrow and James, Ninth Edition, Published by Churchill Livingstone Inc, USA
(1996)
Antioxidant Status, Diet, Nutrition and Health, Andreas M Pappas , Published by CRC Press, Washington DC (
1999)
Essentials of Nutrition & Diet Therapy 5th Edition – Sue Rodwell Williams.
Modern Nutrition in Health & Disease 8th Edition – Maurice E. Shils, James
A. Olson, Moshe Shike.
Nutritional Biochemistry by Tom Brody, Acadmic Press, USA (1994)
Principles of food science Part I Food Chemistry Ed. By O.R. Fennema
Food Fundamentals Second Edition, Margaret Mc Williams.
Modern Nutrition in Health and disease. Wohl and Goodheart
Microbiology – principles and applications. John G. Creager, Jacquelyn G Black and Vee E Davison
Introduction to Nutrition, H. Fleck IV Ed.
The Science of food, by P.M.Gaman and B.Sherrington.
BMS –C006 - PRINCIPLES OF IMMUNOLOGY
Core Course
Unit – I
Immunity: Innate and acquired immunity, antitoxic antibacterial and antiviral immunity – Self and non-self
discrimination – Structure and function of primary and secondary lymphoid organs – Phagocytic cells and their killing
mechanisms – Differentiation of stem cell and idiotypic variations.
Antigenicity: Antigens , autoantigens , blood group antigens, bacterial, viral and tumour antigens – Tissue
antigenic determinants – Haptens – Immunogens.
Unit – II
Immunoglobulins: Isolation of immunoglobulins – Basic structures, functions, classification and variations of
immunogobulins – Theories of imunoglobulin formation – Organisation and expression of immunoglobulin genes –
Generation of antibody diversity.
Anitgen – Antibody Interactions: Examples of antitoxins, opsonin, bacteriolysin, inflammatory process – Avidity
and specificity of antibody – Multivalent binding – Cross reactivity – Kinetics of antigen antibody reactions.
Unit – III
Cells of Immune system: T and B lymphocytes – T cell receptor diversity – T and B cells interactions –
Antigen processing and presentation – Kinetics of primary and secondary immune response.
Complement system: Complement activation and its biological consequences.
Production of vaccines and their uses.
9
Unit – IV
Immunological Techniques: Principle and titre of antisera – Precipiation, agglutination – Precipitation test –
Immunodiffusion – Immune adherence – Immuno electrophoresis – Immunofluorescence – Complement fixation test –
Widal test – VDRL test – Test for AIDS.
Hybridoma technique: Monoclonal antibody – merits and demerits – Recombinant antibodies, DNA vaccines –
Radioimmuno assay – Enzyme immunoassay – ELISA and EMIT – Immunotherapy.
Unit – V
Allergy and Hypersensitivity – Immediate Hypersenstitivity, Delayed Hypersensitivity.
Transplantation: Immunological response, HLA and other systems of human major histocompatability complex,
rejection mechanism.
Auto antibodies and autoimmune diseases.
Books Recommended :
1. Immunology
:
2. Essential Immunology
3. A Hand Book of Practical Immunology
:
:
4. Immunology
5. Fundamentals of Immunology
6. Essential Immunology
7. Hand Book of Experimental Immunology
Immunochemistry (Vol. IV)
8. An introduction to Immunology
:
:
:
:
:
Janis Kuby fourth edition, W H Freeman Company,
USA (2000)
Ivan Roitt (Blackwell Science Publishers, UK, 1997)
GP Talwar (Vikas Publishing
House, 1983)
DN Weir
OG Veir and others
In: Rokno (Ellis Croom, Helar)
DM Weir (Blackwell Scientific
Publication, Chicago, 1986)
CV Rao, I edition, Narosa Publishers, India (2002)
BMS –C007 - MACROMOLECULAR BIOSYNTHESIS
Core Course
Unit I Biosynthesis of nucleic acids
Biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines, modes of replication, experimental models, semi-conservative
replication of double stranded DNA, replication of circular DNA, central molecular dogma, reverse transcription
Unit II DNA Replication
Enzymology of DNA replication, action of gyrase, polymerization reactions and polymerases of prokaryotic and
eukaryotic systems, binding proteins, DNA ligase, DNases, events in the replication fork, termination, replication of
bacterial viruses, animal viruses, plasmids and mitochondrial DNA.
Unit III Transcription
Basic features of RNA synthesis, prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA-polymerases, prokaryotic
and eukaryotic transcription - initiation, elongation and termination; classes of RNA molecules, mRNA,t RNA, rRNA:
biosynthesis, maturation, post-transcriptional processing and splicing mechanisms; hypersensitive sites and enhancers.
Unit IV Translation
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic ribosomes, protein synthesis, genetic code, amino acid activation, initiation,
elongation and termination of prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation. Post-translational modification of proteins,
polysomes, coupled-transcription and translation. Inhibitors and modifiers of protein synthesis.
Unit V Proteoglycans and glycoprotein synthesis
Glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate, dermatan sulphate, keratin sulphate, heparin,
glycoprotein synthesis (N-linked oligosaccharide, role of dolichol carrier- oligosaccharide transferring enzyme, ER and
golgi apparatus, O-linked oligosaccharide synthesis with an example of mucin). Proteoglycans, mucoproteins, bacterial
cell wall- peptidoglycan framework N- and O- glycosidic protein – anti-freeze, glycoprotein and mucins.
Books Recommended :
10
1.
2.
Biochemistry by Donald Voet and Judith Voet, third edition, Published by John Wiley & Sons, USA, (2004)
Molecular Biology of the cell-Bruce Alberts Alexander John, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter
Walter, fourth Edition, Garland Science, Taylor and Francis Group, New york, USA (2002)
The cell and molecular approach -Geoffrey M. Cooper and Robert E Hausmann, third edition, ASM Press,
Sinauer Associates Inc, Washington, DC (2007).
Molecular cell Biology –Lodish Baltimore, Berk, Matsudaira, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Zipursky, Darnell, fifth
edition, Published by WH Freeman and Company, USA (2004) .
Biochemistry –Jeremy M Berg, John L Tymoczko and Lubert Stryer, fifth edition, Published by WH Freeman
and Company, USA (2007).
3.
4.
5.
BMS –C008 - PRACTICAL II
Enzyme Studies
a.
i)
ii)
iii)
b.
Isolation, Purification and Kinetic studies of
Acid phosphatase. Alkaline phosphatase of rat kidney or liver
Urease from plant seeds
Amylase from saliva
Assay of phosphatase, ATPase and Creatinine Phosphokinase, ß- glucuronidase, LDH (spectrophotmetric
assay)
Immobilization of Alkaline Phosphatase by entrapment method
c.
Food Analysis
a.
b.
c.
Proximate analysis of food material for protein, carbohydrate, fat, calorific value calculation
Ash content and Moisture content of food
Estimation of Ca and Fe from ash
Immunological Studies
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Serotyping
Production of antibody
Determination of Antibodytitre.
Assay of IgM, IgG
Qualitative determination of antigen by Outcherlony diffusion technique
Books Recommended:
1.
Textbook of Medical laboratory technology by Praful B Godkar and Darshan P Godkar, Second Edition,
Published by Bhalani Publishing House, India (2003)
2. Introduction to Practical Biochemistry by Sawhney and Randhir Singh, Narosa Publishing House, London
(2000)
3. Experiments in Biochemistry – A Hands on Approach by Shawn O Farrell and Ryan T Ranallo, Thomson
Learning Inc., USA (2000)
Essentials of Practical Biochemistry by Lalit M Srivatsava, Nibhriti Das, Subrata Sinha, Published by CBS
Publishers and Distributors, India, (2002)
Modern Experimental Biochemistry by Rodney Boyer, third edition, Published by Pearson Education Inc,
Singapore, (2001)
Varley’s Practical Clinical Biochemistry by Alan H Gowenlock, published by CBS Publishers and distributors, India
Sixth Edition (1988)
Unit I:
THIRD SEMESTER
BMS –C009 - ENZYME BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Core Course
ENZYME STRUCTURE
X- ray diffraction, enzyme structure, chemical modification by active site directed reagents- Modification of
protease, active site, Affinity Labelling; Other probes for enzyme structure, site directed mutagenesis, classification of
enzymes, co factors as carriers: Redox carriers (NAD, NADP, flavor proteins, lipoate, glutathione, ascorbic acid,
quinnones, cytochromes) CO Carriers (Biotin): Amino group Carriers (Pyridoxal phosphate, Acyl coA, carnitine).
11
Carriers of one carbon Group: (Tetra hydrofolate, Homocystene) Aldehyde Carrier (T-P) Phosphate Carriers (ADP)
Sulphate Carriers (adenosine triphosphate): Glycosyl Carriers (UDP).
UNIT II: AN INTRODUCTION TO BIO ENERGITICS, AND KINETICS
First and second laws of thermodynamics ; Enthalpy, entropy, and free energy; free energy and chemical
reaction; Factors affecting rate of chemical reaction – Collision theory , Activation energy and transition-state theory,
catalysis.
ENZYME KINETICS
General Kinetic principles: Steady – state enzyme kinetics MM eqation and linear transformation of MM
equation – reversible reactions – fast reactions and methods of study- rate equation by King and Altman, Enzyme
Inhibition: kinetics of competitive, noncompetitive, uncompetitive and mixed inhibitors, Reactions of two substratesisotope exchange.
Unit III:ENZYME REGULATION
Allosteric and Cooperative effects: Conquered model of Monod et al, and Sequential model of koshland et al,
principles of metabolic regulations; feedback regulations of multifunctional pathway, NAD/ NADH ratio, adenylate
change.
Mechanism of enzyme action : Acid base Catalysis, covalent catalysis, chymotrypsin, metals in enzyme catalysis:
Pyruvate kinase, Super oxide dismutase creatine kinase, carboxy peptidase Multi enzyme complex: Fatty acid
synthetase complex, Biological significance of multi enzyme complex.
Unit IV: ENZYME TECHNOLOGY
Isolation and purification of enzymes: extraction of enzymes- soluble enzymes, membrane bound enzymes,
purification- precipitation methods, chromatographic methods, and electrophoretic methods, criteria of purity- total
activity and specific activity, crystallization of enzymes
Immobilized enzymes, techniques of immobilization, effect of immobilization on enzyme activity, application of
immobilized enzymes. Immobilized enzyme complexes, uses of enzymes in solution. Commercial production of
enzymes- amylases, proteases , pectinases, cellulases.
Unit V: APPLICATIONS OF ENZYMES
Uses of enzymes in analysis - enzyme electrodes. Enzyme as biosensor, colorimetric biosensor,
potentiometric biosensor, optical and industrial applications of enzymes. Commercial value: steriodical conversions,
penicillin and antibiotic conversion, immunosensor. Recent advances and future prospects of enzyme engineering;
artificial enzymes. Enzymes in organic solvents, enzyme targeting using liposomes, isoenzymes.
Books Recommended :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Biocatalysis – Fundamentals and Applications by Andreas S Bommarius and Riebel, Wiley VCH, Verlag
GmBH &Co., USA, 2004
Enzymes Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Clinical Chemistry– Trevor Palmer, Published by Horwood
Publishing Chichester, UK, 2001
Biochemistry by Donald Voet and Judith Voet, third edition, Published by John Wiley & Sons, USA, 2004
Molecular Biotechnology by S. B. Primrose, Second Edition, Panima Publishing Corporation, India,2001
Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger, Nelson and Cox, fourth edition, W H Freeman and Company, New
York, USA, 2005
Biochemistry by Mathews van Holde and Kevin G Athern, III edition, Published by Pearson Education Inc.,
Singapore, 2003
Protein Engineering in Industrial Biotechnology by Lilia Alberghina, Harwood Academic publishers, Netherland
(2003)
BMS –C010 - MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND CELL SIGNALING
Core Course
Unit I
Chloroplast and Photosynthesis : Structure of Chloroplasts – Photosynthesizing prokaryotes and eukaryotes,
light reaction – photsystems, plastoquinine, plastocyanin, cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation, dark reactions –
carbon cycle and the energetic reactions in CO2 fixation.
12
Nitrogen fixation system : Nitrogen fixing organisms (eg. Azetobacter, Clostridium, Rhizobium), Symbiotic
relationship in leguminous plants. Nitrogen fixation, Molecular nitrogen to ammonia through the intermediate formation
of di-imide and hydrazine. Conversion of nitrate to ammonia by Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter and metabolism of amino
acids.
Unit II
Gaseous transport, and Acid Base homeostasis : Molecular mechanism of the movement of O2 and CO2
through lungs, arterial and venous circulation. Bohr effect, Oxygen and CO 2 binding hemoglobin, pH maintainence by
cellular and extracellular proteins, phosphate and carbonate buffers through the lungs and the kidney. Metabolic
acidosis and alkalosis, Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis. Hormonal regulation of water balance in man.
Cell – Cell adhesion, Cell – matrix adhesion , Cell junctions, tight junctions, desmosomes, Gap junctions and
communication between cells.
Unit III
Sensory Transduction : Nerve impulse transmission – Nerve cells, synapses, reflex arc structure, Resting
membrane potential, Nernst equation, action potential, voltage gated ion-channels, impulse transmission,
neurotransmitters, neurotransmitter receptors, Synaptosomes, synaptogamin.
Rod and cone cells in the retina, Biochemical changes in the visual cycle, photochemical reaction and
regulation of rhodopsin. Odor receptors, Learning and memory
Chemistry of muscle contraction – actin and myosin filaments, theories involved in muscle contraction,
mechanism of muscle contraction, energy sources for muscle contraction.
Unit IV
Cell signaling - Different types of signaling, cell surface receptors, G protein coupled receptors and Receptor
tyrosine kinases, Spatial arrangement of receptor, a protein, protein kinase, adenylate cyclase in the celll membrane,
their stimulation and inhibition, signaling molecules, cAMP and MAP kinase pathways.
Metabolic pathways for the formation of Inositol triphosphate from phosphatidyl inositol diphosphate, formation
of DAG, Ca2+ channel activation, ryanodine receptors, Receptor activation and phosphoregulation of inositol and the
calcium channel activation, activation and translocation of protein kinase C in the cell membrane. cAMP and CREB,
JAK-STAT pathway, Smads
Interaction between various signaling pathways
Unit V
Cell cycle : Growth factors, different phases of cell cycle, cyclin dependant kinases – check points in the cell
cycle – yeasts and mammalian cell cycle regulation. Polypeptide growth factors, signals for the stimulation of DNA
synthesis and cell division. Developmental control genes of nematode worm
Apoptosis – pro-apoptotic regulators and caspase activation
Mitogens, mutations causing loss of cell cycle – oncogenic mutations affecting cell proliferation – mutations
affecting genome stability.
Books Recommended :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Biochemistry by Donald Voet and Judith Voet, third edition, Published by John Wiley & Sons, USA, (2004)
Molecular Biology of the cell-Bruce Alberts Alexander John, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter
Walter, fourth Edition, Garland Science, Taylor and Francis Group, New york, USA (2002)
The cell and molecular approach -Geoffrey M. Cooper and Robert E Hausmann, third edition, ASM Press,
Sinauer Associates Inc, Washington, DC (2007).
Molecular cell Biology –Lodish Baltimore, Berk, Matsudaira, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Zipursky, Darnell, fifth
edition, Published by WH Freeman and Company, USA (2004) .
Principles of Biochemistry with human focus by Garrett and, Harcourt College Publishers, Orlando, Florida,
USA. 2005
Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger, Nelson and Cox, fourth edition, W H Freeman and Company, New
York, USA, 2005
Cell and Molecular Biology by Gerald Karp, third edition, John Wiley & Sons, USA (2002)
13
Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical chemistry – Burtis and Ashwood, Fifth Edition, WB Saunders Company, Oxford
Science Publications USA, (2001)
8.
Core course
Unit I
Restriction and modification systems - restriction enzymes. Other DNA modifying enzymes and their uses like
end labelling, nick translation, random primer labelling, dephosphorylation, phosphorylation, blunting, end filling etc.
BMS –C011 - MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY Cloning vectors - plasmids, phages, cosmids, phagemids, shuttle vectors,
expression vectors, suicide vectors, runaway plasmids, YACs.
Restriction, ligation, transformation, recombinant selection methods.
Unit II
Genomic - and cDNA - library construction. High level expression of proteins. Production of insulin, interferon,
interleukins, thrombolytic factors, tumour necrosis factor, human growth hormone and other rare biologicals. Production
of peptide vaccines, novel antibiotics by gene manipulation. Transgenic animals and their uses.
Unit III
DNA polymorphism - Mutation and Molecular basis of genetic diseases: Haemoglobinopathies,
phenylketonuria, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, Tay-Sachs disease, familial hypercholesterolemia, cystic fibrosis, muscular
dystrophy. DNA and RNA probes and their uses in disease diagnosis and in forensics. RFLP, SSCP and their
applications. DNA sequencing. PCR and its application in infections and genetic disorders. FISH and its uses. Human
gene therapy.
Unit IV
Human Genome Project - genome mapping - physical and genetic mapping of human genes. Application of
human gene mapping - Bioinformatics, proteomics, pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics. Current status of
human gene mapping. DNA finger printing, prenatal diagnosis of human disorders.
Unit V
Production of monoclonal antibodies and their uses in diagnosis of diseases: sexually transmitted diseases,
viral diseases, bacterial infections, cancer detection, pregnancy testing. Monoclonal antibody for preventive and
therapeutic purposes. DNA vaccines. Protein engineering and its applications.
Books Recommended :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Principles of Gene Manipulation - An
Introduction to Genetic Engineering ( 5th Ed.). -- RE Old and SB Primerose
Gene Cloning - An Introduction (3rd Ed.)
-- TA Brown
Recombinant DNA (4th Ed.)
-- James D Watson et al.,
Genetics in Medicine (5th Ed.)
-- Thompson et al.,
DNA Technology - The Awesome Skill
-- I Edward Alcano
BMS –C012- PRACTICAL III
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Collection and preservation of urine and blood samples.
Liver Function test: Estimation of bilirubin – direct and indirect. Estimation of plasma protein, A/G ratio, Thymol
turbidity test, Assay of serum gluatamate oxaloacetate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate
dehydrogenase. Isoenzyme separation of LDH by electrophoresis.
Renal Function test: Qualitative tests for normal and pathological component of urine. Estimation of blood and
urine urea, creatinine, creatine and uric acid. Urea clearance test.
Estimation of blood glucose by orthotoluidine and glucose oxidase method. Determination of glycosylated Hb.
Glucose Tolerance Test.
Lipid profile; Esimation of cholesterol by Zak’s method, lipoprotein profile, estimation of ketone bodies,
estimation of triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipids.
Endocrine function: Assay of insulin by ELISA, estimation of urinary excretion of VMA, 5-HIAA, 17ketosteroids, 17-ketogenic steroids, plasma level of cortisol.
Electrolytes: Determination of serum calcium, sodium, potassium by flame photometer. Estimation of
chlorides, phosphates. Estimation of Cu, Fe by colorimetric method.
14
8.
Antioxidant status: estimation of LPO, assay of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase.
Estimation of Vitamins A, E and C.
Haematology: RBC Count, WBC Count – total and differential count, ESR, PCV, MCV. Estimation of
haemoglobin.
9.
Books Recommended:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Textbook of Medical laboratory technology by Praful B Godkar and Darshan P Godkar, Second Edition,
Published by Bhalani Publishing House, India (2003)
Introduction to Practical Biochemistry by Sawhney and Randhir Singh, Narosa Publishing House, London
(2000)
Experiments in Biochemistry – A Hands on Approach by Shawn O Farrell and Ryan T Ranallo, Thomson
Learning Inc., USA (2000)
Essentials of Practical Biochemistry by Lalit M Srivatsava, Nibhriti Das, Subrata Sinha, Published by CBS
Publishers and Distributors, India, (2002)
Modern Experimental Biochemistry by Rodney Boyer, third edition, Published by Pearson Education Inc,
Singapore, (2001)
Varley’s Practical Clinical Biochemistry by Alan H Gowenlock, published by CBS Publishers and distributors,
India Sixth Edition (1988)
FOURTH SEMESTER
BMS –C013- HORMONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Core Course
Unit I
Hormones of the hypothalamus and the pituitary – organisation of hypothalamus and hypophysis: chemical
nature, biosynthesis, secretion and biochemical action of adenohypophysial hormones (GH, TSH, ACTH, LH,FSH, MSH
and prolactin) and neurohypophyseal hormones (oxytocin and anti-diuretic hormone), hypophyseal releasing and
inhibiting factors
Unit II
Hormones of the adrenals – hormones of the adrenal cortex. Chemical nature, biosynthesis and mechanism of action of
glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids. Hormones of the medulla – chemical nature, biosynthesis and amechanism of action of
catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine). Endocrine function of the kidney – renin – angiotensin system
Unit III
Sex hormones – hormones of the testes and ovaries – chemical nature and biosynthesis of androgens, estrogens and
progesterone. Metabolic fate and mechanism of action of androgens, estrogens and progesterone. Hormones of the corpus luteum
and reproductive cycle. Disorders of the male and female reproductive system. Endocrine Responsive Cancer - Breast, Endometrial
and Prostate Cancers.
Unit IV
Pancreatic hormones and other gastro-intestinal hormones – chemical nature of insulin and glucagon . Biosynthesis and
regulation of secretion of insulin and glucagon. Effect of insulin and glucagon on carbohydrates, lipids and protein metabolism.
Somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptides. Gastro-intestinal hormones – gastrin, enterogastrin, secretin and cholecystokinin.
Unit V
Hormones of the thyroid, parathyroid and prostaglandins – chemical nature and biosynthesis of thyroid hormones –
structure and metabolic effect. Effect on carlorigenesis and induction of amphibian metamorphosis. Parathyroid hormones and
calcitonin and calcium level and kidney function. Prostaglandin – chemical nature and biosynthesis, biological action of
prostaglandins. Cyclooxygenase and lipooxygenase pathways, cAMP, a second messenger of hormone action.
Books Recommended :
1.
2.
3.
Textbook of Biochemistry – West, Todd and Mason
Priinciples of Biochemistry – White A. Handler P and Smith E L
Clinical Biochemistry – E.J. King and I.D.B. Wootan
15
4.
5.
6.
Williams Textbook of Endocrinology by Larsen, Kronberg, Melmed, and Polonsky, Tenth edition, Saunders Publications,
USA, 2003
General endocrinology – Turner (C.T.Donnell)
Harper’s Biochemistry by Murray etal. Appleton and Lange Publishers, 27th edition, 2006
BMS – C014- METABOLIC AND GENE REGULATION
Core Course
Unit I
Principles of metabolic control – hormonal control of metabolism – modulation of enzyme activity – noncovalent and covalent regulatory mechanisms, identification of rate limiting enzymes in metabolic pathways.
Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis : Cori’s cycle and Alanine cycle, Phosphofructokinase as the key enzyme in
glycolysis, role of fructose 2,6 diphosphate, hexokinase and pyruvate kinase as regulatory enzymes in glycolysis.
Glycogen synthesis and degradation : cAMP and its co-ordinated control of glycogenesis and glycogenolysis –
Phosphorylase activation and inactivation, role of calcium and phospho inositide cascade. HMP shunt : G6PD as a
regulatory enyzme. Role of NADPH in metabolism
Unit II
Lipid metabolism : Fatty acid biosynthesis, control of acetyl CoA carboxylase, role of hormones in lipid
metabolism, effect of diet on fatty acid synthesis, Eicosanoid biosynthesis.
Biosynthesis and regulation of triacyl glycerol, cholesterol, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine
and sphingomyelin.
Fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissues, degradation, role of carnitine. Ketogenesis and its regulation.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and its regulation. TCA cycle – citrate synthase, ICDH and  - KGDH as
regulatory sites
Unit III
Nitrogen Metabolism : Key role of glutamate dehydrogenase and its regulation, Urea cycle and its regulation.
Biosynthesis and degradation of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides and their regulation.
Key junctions in metabolism : Glucose –6-phosphate, pyruvate and acetyl CoA.
Starve –Feed Cycle. Mechanisms involved in switching the metabolism of liver between the well-fed state and
the starved state. Metabolic interrelationships of tissues in various nutritional and hormonal states.
Unit IV
Regulation of the activity of genes and gene products in prokaryotes.
Types of regulation of transcription – positive and negative regulation.
Jacob and Monod model of Operon concept – Lactose system – purification and structure of the repressor –
effect of glucose on lac operon – regulatory region of the DNA of the lac operon – Mutants and gratitutous inducers of
lac operon. Galactose operon, arabinose operon, tryptophan operon and their regulation.
Regulons – HTP regulon, Pho regulon and SOS regulon
Regulation of synthesis of ribosomes. Unregulated changes in gene expression- Flagellin synthesis
Life cycle of Bacteriophage  - Lytic and lysogenic cycles,  genetic switches.
Unit V
Regulation in Eukaryotes:
Differences in the genetic organization of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Gene Families : Simple, multigene, complex multigene and developmentally controlled complex gene families.
16
Regulatory strategies in eukaryotes – gene alteration, gene loss, gene amplification and gene rearrangement.
Regulation of synthesis of primary transcript Response elements – Promoters, enhancers, DNA binding
domains – Zinc finger motif, Homeodomains, Helix Loop Helix, Leucine zipper. Transcriptional control by hormones,
regulation mediated through transcription factors, Histone acetylation and deacetylation, demethylation of DNA.
Regulation of processing and polyproteins : Translational control: life time of m-RNA – control of initiation –
regulation of rate of overall protein synthesis – regulation of the synthesis of vitellogenin.
Books Recommended :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Biochemistry by Donald Voet and Judith Voet, third edition, Published by John Wiley & Sons, USA, (2004)
Molecular Biology of the cell-Bruce Alberts Alexander John, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter
Walter, fourth Edition, Garland Science, Taylor and Francis Group, New york, USA (2002)
The cell and molecular approach -Geoffrey M. Cooper and Robert E Hausmann, third edition, ASM Press,
Sinauer Associates Inc, Washington, DC (2007).
Molecular cell Biology –Lodish Baltimore, Berk, Matsudaira, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Zipursky, Darnell, fifth
edition, Published by WH Freeman and Company, USA (2004) .
Principles of Biochemistry with human focus by Garrett and, Harcourt College Publishers, Orlando, Florida,
USA. 2005
Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger, Nelson and Cox, fourth edition, W H Freeman and Company, New
York, USA, 2005
Cell and Molecular Biology by Gerald Karp, third edition, John Wiley & Sons, USA (2002)
Genes VIII by Benjamin Lewin, WH Saunders Publishers, USA, (2002)
Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical chemistry – Burtis and Ashwood, Fifth Edition, WB Saunders Company, Oxford
Science Publications USA, (2001)
BMS – C 015 - MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASES
Core Course
Unit- I
Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus and it s metabolic complications, GTT, assay of insulin, glycosylated haemoglobin. Glycogen
storage diseases, galactosemia, fructosuria, pentosuria, mucopolysaccharidosis,
Disorders of lipid metabolism
Sphingolipidosis, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.
Lipoproteins and hyperlipoprotenemia, LCAT deficiency, gall stones, gout, tropical sprue.
Unit- II
Disorders of amino acid, protein and nucleic acid metabolism
Inborn errors of amino acid metabolism, rheumatoid factors, multiple myeloma, glutathioneurea, Hartnup
disease, hyperuricemia and gout, adenosine deaminase, oratic aciduria, Lesch Nyhen syndrome.
Prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of inborn errors using enzyme assays, PCR, ARMS. RT-PCR, DHPLC in
amniotic fluid, Chorionic villi.
Disorders of blood
Blood Agranulocytosis, Thrombocytopenia, β Thalassemias, anemias, haemoglobinopathies, disorders of
blood clotting mechanism, laboratory test to measure coagulation and thrombolysis
Unit-III
Organ function tests
Liver function test with special reference to hepatitis and jauindice, renal function test and gastric function test
Diagnostic significance of serum enzymes
Routine urine analysis and stone analysis,
Unit-IV
17
Free radicals and anti-oxidants : chemistry of free radicals and reactive oxygen species-superoxide, hydroxyl
peroxyl,alkoxyl, non radicals-hydrogen peroxide, reactive nitrogen species, role of nitric oxide, role of metals, generation
of free radicals by one electron reduction, Detection of free radicals, trapping and finger printing methods: Lipid
peroxidation, protein damage by ROS/RNS, DNA damage by ROS/RNS and repair mechanisms. Anti-oxidant defense
enzymes-Superoxide dismutase,catalases, glutathione peroxidase, Glutatione reductase, glutathione-Stransferases.Free radical scavengers-Vitamins C,E, carotenoids, reduced glutathione, uric acid etc. Free radicals in
health and disease. Reactive species as useful biomolecules, Origin of oxidative stress, consequences, Implications of
free radicals in Atherosclerosis. Hypertension, Diabetes, Ischemia- reperfusion, Arthritis, Cancer, aging and Xeroderma
pigmentosum.
Unit-V
Cancer Biology- Characteristics of tumor cells, cell culture and transformation, characteristics of transformed
cells, changes in cell-cell interaction.
Etiology of cancer- Agents of transformation –viruses as agents and oncogenes, DNA viruses, RNA virusesretro viruses, chemical carcinogenesis and radiation carcinogenesis.
Growth pattern, immortalization, angiogenesis. Molecular basis of cancer- apoptotic and tumor suppressor
gene.Chemotherapy of cancer and other contempory therapies- immunotherapy and gene therapy.
Books Recommended :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Cell and molecular biology- Gerald Karp, third edition (2002)
Biochemistry, A case oriented approach- Montgomery, Comway, Spector, Chappell, Sixth Edition, Mosby
Publishers, USA, (1996).
Text book of Biochemistry –A clinically oriented approach-Dinesh Puri, B.I. Churchill Livingstone Inc., India
(2002)
Textbook of Biochemistry with clinical correlations-T.M.Devlin. fifth edition (2002)
Free radicals in biology and medicine-Barry Halliwell and John M.C. Gutteridge, Third Edition, Oxford Science
Publications (1999).
Biochemical, Pharmacological clinical aspects of Nitric oxide-Weissman
Fundamentals of Biostatistics – Khan and Khanum UKaaz Publishers, India, Second Edition (2004)
Flavonoids in Health and Diseases-Rice Evans and Lester Packer, Marshall Decker Publishers, USA (1998)
Human Molecular Biology – Epstein- Cambridge University Press, UK (2003)
Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical chemistry – Burtis and Ashwood, Fifth Edition, WB Saunders Company, Oxford
Science Publications USA, (2001)
18
ELECTIVES
I Semester
BMS 1067- PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY - I
Unit I
Carbohydrates: Occurrence, chemical properties and classification, stereoisomerism and optical isomerism.
Monosaccharides: Structure, properties, general reactions and their derivatives. Oligosaccharides – structure and
general reaction. Polysaccharides – homoglycans: structural properties starch, cellulose and glycogen. Heteroglycans
– structure, properties, mucopolysaccharides.
Unit II
Lipids-Classification, Structure and Function.
Aminoacids - classification and structure. peptide linkages. Proteins and their classification and structure.
Unit III
Purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, nucleotides and Nucleic acids
Biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines, end products of purine and pyrimidine catabolism.
Unit IV
Biochemical test for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, jaundice, liver and kidney function tests.
Unit V
Inborn errors of metabolism-Glycogen storage diseases, enzymes in clinical diagnosis
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Biochemistry by Geoffrey L Zubay, Fourth Edition, 1998
Fundamentals of Biochemistry by Donald Voet, Judith Voet and Pratt, second edition, 1995
Harper’s Biochemistry by Murray etal. Appleton and Lange Publishers, 27 th edition, 2006
Principles of Biochemistry with human focus by Garrett and Grisham, Harcourt College Publishers, Orlando,
Florida, USA. 2005
Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger, Nelson and Cox, fourth edition, W H Freeman and Company, New
York, USA, 2005
Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical chemistry – Burtis and Ashwood, Fifth Edition, WB Saunders Company, Oxford
Science Publications USA, (2001)
Text book of Biochemistry –A clinically oriented approach-Dinesh Puri, B.I. Churchill Livingstone Inc., India
(2002)
Textbook of Biochemistry with clinical correlations-T.M.Devlin. fifth edition (2002)
II Semester
BMS E002 -Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY - II
Unit I
Classification of enzymes, enzyme mechanism, active
noncompetitive and allosteric inhibitions, Co-enzymic of vitamins.
site.
Inhibition, competitive,
uncompetitive
Unit II
Glucose metabolism - glycolysis, glucogenesis and glycogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway and
gluconeogenesis, UDP hexoseamines and uronic acids and convertion of galactose to glucose.
Unit III
Fatty acids breakdown, phospholipid hydrolysis, cerebrosides and ganglisoside bisoynthesis and break down,
cholesterol biosynthesis and bile acid production, ketone bodies.
19
Unit IV
Tricarboxylic acid cycle, biological oxidation and mitochondrial energy metabolites, oxidative deamination,
transmination, decarboxylation, formation of urea, glutamine, creatinine ketogenic and glycogenic aminoacid.,
transmethylation, lipotrophic factors.
Unit V
Caloric requirement, recommended dietary allowances of vitamins mineral and proteins, Biological role of
proteins, essential amino acids and fatty acids.
Vitamin deficiency states and the mechanism of action of fat and water soluble vitamins.
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Biochemistry by Geoffrey L Zubay, Fourth Edition, 1998
Fundamentals of Biochemistry by Donald Voet, Judith Voet and Pratt, second edition, 1995
Harper’s Biochemistry by Murray etal. Appleton and Lange Publishers, 27th edition, 2006
Principles of Biochemistry with human focus by Garrett and Grisham, Harcourt College Publishers, Orlando,
Florida, USA. 2005
Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger, Nelson and Cox, fourth edition, W H Freeman and Company, New
York, USA, 2005
III Semester
BMS E003 - INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM
Unit – I
Classification of enzymes, enzyme mechanism, active site, inhibition, competitive, uncompetitive,
noncompetitive and allosteric inhibitions, co-enzymic of vitamins.
Unit II
Glucose metabolism: Glycolysis, glycogenesis and glyconeogenesis, pentose – phosphate pathway and
gluconeogenesis, UDP hexoseamines and uronic acids and convertion of galactose to glucose.
Unit III
Fatty acid breakdown, phospholipid hydrolysis, cerebrosides and ganglioside biosynthesis and break down,
cholesterol biosynthesis and bile acid production, ketone bodies.
Unit IV
Tricarboxylic acid cycle, biological oxidation and mitochondrial energy metabolics, oxidative deamination,
transamination, decarboxylation, formation of urea, glytamine creatine, ketogenic and glycogenic aminoacid
transmethylation, lipotrophic factors.]
Unit V
Biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. End product of purine and pyrimidne, catabolism.
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Biochemistry by Geoffrey L Zubay, Fourth Edition, 1998
Fundamentals of Biochemistry by Donald Voet, Judith Voet and Pratt, second edition, 1995
Harper’s Biochemistry by Murray etal. Appleton and Lange Publishers, 27 h edition, 2006
Principles of Biochemistry with human focus by Garrett and Grisham, Harcourt College Publishers, Orlando,
Florida, USA. 2005
Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger, Nelson and Cox, fourth edition, W H Freeman and Company, New
York, USA, 2005
20
Degree of Master of Science in the
Faculty of Medicine for Science Graduates
M.Sc. Branch II – Physiology (Interdisciplinary)
Faculty of Medicine
Under Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)
New Regulation 2007 - 2008
1.
ELIGIBILITY FOR ADMISSION TO THE COURSE AND EXAMINATION
A Candidate for admission to Branch II – Physiology should have passed in any of the following examinations of the
University of Madras or any other University accepted by the Syndicate of this University as equivalent there to and shall be
permitted to appear for M.Sc. degree in Physiology (Faculty of Medicine) of this University after a course study of three
academic years.
1.
2.
3.
B.Sc. Degree with any three of the following subjects at main or ancillary level namely Zoology, Botany,
Chemistry, Physics and Bio-chemistry.
B.Sc. degree in Life Sciences, Bioscience, Biology, Nutrition and Bio technology
B.Sc. (Allied Health Sciences)
2. Duration.
The duration of the course of study shall be six semesters in three academic years. Each academic year which
spans from July of a calendar year to June of next calendar year will consist of 180 working days with a total of 1000
working hours in each academic year.
A student shall obtain the Master degree if he / she has:
a. Registered, undergone and secured the required minimum credits for all the core, and elective courses
and completed the project work.
b. Has no due to University, Hotel or library and submitted no due certificates to the HOD.
c. Has no disciplinary action pending against him / her.
3. Course of study.
The duration of this course will be three years. The maximum period permitted for completion of the course
shall be 6 years. The Course of study for the degree shall be of Semester pattern under Choice Based Credit System
(CBCS) and will have Semesters I and II in the first year, Semesters III and IV in the second year and V and VI in third
year.
4. Registration during course of study.
The candidates admitted will assigned a Code number will be assigned indicating the course joined, the year
of admission, and individual identification. At the beginning of each semester the candidate should register their names
in the departments in which the core and elective subjects are being offered as specified in the course content book.
The Registration form shall be filled in triplicate and with the details of the Core and Elective courses to be taken in each
semester with the number of credits and signed by the candidate and the student advisor.
Candidates must register for a minimum of 15 credits and maximum of 24 credits in a semester. However they
should take a minimum of 108 credits in all subjects put together in 6 semesters to obtain pass and get the degree. The
student’s advisor will help in selecting the core and elective courses.
5. Examination.
There will be two sessional assessments and one end semester examination in each semester. End semester
Examinations will be conducted on 15th of November for I III and IV semester and 15 th of April for II, IV and VI
Semester of the course in every academic year. A Candidate should complete the course within 12 semesters.
For each subject the marks of two sessional tests shall be taken as 20% + 20% and totaled as 40% of continuous
assessment. The end semester mark will be taken as 60% and the total of 100% will be computed adding all these
marks.
21
For a pass, a candidate is expected to secure a minimum of 50% marks in each of the theory paper individually
and 50% in each of the practical and viva voce including continuous assessment put together.
However, if a student failed in any one or more of the theory papers or practical in each semester
examination, he / she shall attend classes of the next semester and register for the failed subjects and appear for the
failed subjects in the subsequent semester along with the examination of the that semester. However they have to clear
all the theory and practical examinations and dissertation for completion of the course and obtain degree. For passing
the course they should earn a minimum of 108 credits. The failed candidate after completion of the all the VI semester of
course should attend the theory and practical classes in which they have to re appear to complete and pass the
examinations.
6. Minimum marks for passing.
For a pass, a candidate is expected to secure a minimum of 50% marks in each of the theory paper individually
and 50% in each of the practical and viva voce including continuous assessment put together. All the theory, practical,
viva and dissertation examination should be cleared for obtaining the degree. For passing the course they should earn a
minimum of 108 credits.
7. Eligibility for appearing Final examination and Submission of the Dissertation.
i.
The Candidates will be permitted to appear in the final semester Examination only after obtaining the
certificate from the coordinator of the course about the satisfactory completion of all the course of study.
ii.
Three copies of the dissertation should be submitted by the third year students on or before 15 th November of
the 5th semester with a certificate from the guide and concerned Head of the Department.
8. Scheme of examination.
There will be 6 semester examinations and each will be held in at the end of each semester. The examination
will be held on 15th November for 1st semester and on 15th April for 2nd semester in the 1st year of course. The 3rd
semester examination will be held 15th on November and 4th Semester examination will be held on 15th April in the 2nd
year of course. The 5th semester examination will be held on 15th November and 6th semester examination will be held
on 15th April. Students will be given the degree only after passing the theory and practical and viva examination of the
all the semesters. They should obtain a minimum of 108 credits for a pass in the course. In these 108 credits the
candidates should get a minimum 90 credits in core subject, 18 credits in elective course.
The examination will include theory papers, Practical and viva voce examinations. Both theory paper and
practical will be of three hours duration. The students should submit a research dissertation in the 5 th semester.
9. Classification of successful candidate.
Candidates who obtain a minimum of 108 credits and 75% of the marks and above in the aggregate of
all 6th Semester examinations shall be deemed to have passed the examinations in FIRST CLASS with
OUTSTANDING Grade.
Candidates who secure not less than 108 credits and 60% of the aggregate marks in all 6 th semester
examinations shall be declared to have passed the examination in the FIRST CLASS. All other successful
candidates shall be declared to have passed in
.SECOND CLASS.
Candidates who pass all the examinations in the first appearance and within a period of stipulated
three academic years from the year of admission to the course are only eligible for ranking as First Class or
First Class with Outstanding grade.
10. Attendance.
Students should have a minimum of 80% of the attendance failing which they shall not be allowed to
appear for the examinations. Under valid grounds such as health problems and maternity leave, a lower
percentage of attendance may be permitted on production of valid evidences such as medical certificate and
proofs of treatments undergone. In such cases students are liable for the payment of penalty, which will be
prescribed by the University from time to time. However in any circumstances students with less than 70% of
percentage shall not be permitted to appear for examinations.
Branch II M.Sc. Physiology (Interdisciplinary)
SYALLBUS
Duration of the Course: 36 Months (6 Semesters)
FIRST SEMESTER (1st July to 15th November) Total teaching Hours: 500
22
Teaching Schedule-Theory and Practical subjects and distribution of Credits and Marks
Subjects
Human Physiology I
Human Histology and
Embryology
Section - A
Human Histology
Section - B
Embryology
Human Anatomy –I
Practical –I
Human anatomy
Periodic assessment
Record work
Viva Voce
Final Practical
(25 Spotters)
Physiology
Practical–I
Human Physiology
Periodic assessment
Record work
Viva Voce
Final Practical
Course code
Theory /Practical
Core/ Elective
Teaching
Hours*
60
Credits
Core Theory
4
Theory
Core
45
Marks
Total Marks
100
3
50
4
50
100
100
100
60
Core Theory
45
Core
Practical
45
Core
Practical
20
10
20
50
3
100
100
20
10
20
50
Total
Marks
3
Core
100
17
Total
500
* Teaching hours included Lectures, Demonstrations and Seminars
Elective courses recommended for the 1st Semester
BMS
Principles of Biochemistry (45hours Elective theory Credit3)
SECOND SEMESTER (1st December to 15th April) Total teaching Hours: 500
* Teaching Schedule Theory and Practical subjects and distribution of Marks
Subject
Teaching
Hours*
Course Code
Theory / Practical
Core/ Elective
Credits
Marks
Total
Marks
Human Physiology -II
60
Theory Core
4
100
100
Human Anatomy -II.
60
Theory Core
4
100
100
Practical III
Human anatomy II and
Neuro anatomy
Periodic assessment
Record work
Viva Voce
Final Practical (25 Spotters)
90
Practical Core
23
3
20
10
20
50
100
Physiology Practical II
Human Physiology
Periodic assessment
Record work
Viva Voce
Final Practical
90
20
10
20
50
Practical Core
3
Core
Total
14
100
Total
Marks
400
* Teaching hours included Lectures, Demonstrations and Seminars
Elective courses recommended for the 1st Semester
BMS
Principles of Biochemistry - II (45hours, Elective theory, Credit3)
THIRD SEMESTER (1st July to 15th November) Total teaching Hours: 500
Teaching Schedule - Theory and Practical subjects and distribution Credits and of Marks
Subject
Teaching
Hours*
Human Physiology III: General
Physiology -I
60
Human Physiology IV: General
Physiology-II
60
Human Physiology V:
Physiology III
Human Physiology VI:
Physiology IV
Research Method in Anatomy
60
60
45
Project Work**
Total
Hours
Course Code
Theory / Practical
Core/ Elective
Credits
Marks
Total
Marks
4
100
100
4
100
100
4
100
100
4
100
100
BMS
Core Theory
3
100
100
Core
-
-
-
23
Total
Marks
00
BMS
Theory
Core
BMS
Theory
Core
BMS
Core
Theory
BMS
Core
Theory
Core
* Teaching hours included Lectures, Demonstrations and Seminars
Elective courses recommended for the 3rd Semester
BMS Medical Imaging and Radiology (Elective Course – 3 Credits)
BMS Principles of Endocrinology (Elective Course – 3 Credits)
24
BMS
BMS
Principles of Genetics I (Elective Course – 3 Credits)
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 45 hours (Elective Course – 3 Credits)
**Project Work will be assigned in the beginning of 3 rd Semester. The candidate will
submit their Dissertation on 15th November in the 5th
Semester.
complete their project work and
FOURTH SEMESTER (1st December to 15th April) Total teaching Hours: 500
Teaching Schedule Theory and Practical subjects and distribution of Marks
Subject
Human Physiology VII:
Research Methods in Physiology I
Teaching
Hours*
60
Human Physiology VIII:
Research Methods in Physiology II
60
Human Physiology IX:
Research Methods in Physiology III
60
Physiology Practical III - Research Methods in
Physiology
Periodic assessment
Record work
Viva Voce
Final Practical
Total
90
Course Code
Theory / Practical
Core/ Elective
BMS
Theory
Core
BMS
Theory
Core
BMS
Theory
Core
BMS
Practical
Core
Hours
Credits Marks
4
100
100
4
100
100
4
100
100
3
Core
Total
Marks
20
10
20
50
100
17
* Teaching hours included Lectures, Seminars and Practical.
Other Electives courses recommended for the 4th semester
MSI
Bio statistics
(Elective course - 3 Credits)
BMS Reproductive Endocrinology (Elective course - 3 Credits)
BMS Computer Application in Biology and Medicine (Elective course - 3 Credits)
BMS Basic Pathology
(Elective 3 Credits)
BMS Principle of Genetics -II
(Elective course - 3 Credits)
FIFTH SEMESTER (1st July to 14th November) Total teaching Hours: 500
Teaching Schedule Theory and Practical subjects and distribution of Marks
Subject
Teaching
Hours*
Dissertation
314
Physiology Practical IV- Clinical
examination
Periodic assessment
Record work
120
25
Course Code
Theory / Practical
Core/ Elective
BMS
Practical
Core
BMS
Practical
Core
Credits Marks
Total
Marks
10
100
100
4
20
10
100
Viva Voce
Final Practical
20
50
Core
Total
14
* Teaching hours included Lectures, Seminars and Practical.
Elective courses recommended for the 5th semester
BMS Principles of Genetics I (Elective – 3 Credits)
PHY Biomedical Instrumentation (Elective – 3 Credits)
BMS 1091 Drug Therapy (Elective – 3 Credits)
BMS 2089 Fundamentals of Environmental Toxicology / Neurotoxicology (Elective – 3
Credits)
* Project Work will be assigned in the beginning of 3 rd Semester. The candidate will complete their project work and
submit their Dissertation on 15th of November in the 5th Semester.
SIXTH SEMESTER (1st December to 15th April) Total teaching hours: 500
Teaching Schedule Theory and Practical subjects and distribution of Marks
Subject
Human Physiology VII:
Advances in Physiology
Paper 1
Human Physiology VIII:
Advances in Physiology
Paper 2
Human Physiology IX:
Advances in Physiology
Paper 3
Practical V- Experimental Physiology Cranial
nerve and Autonomic function test
Periodic assessment
Record work
Viva Voce
Final Practical
Teaching
Hours*
60
60
60
120
-
Final Viva Voce
Total
500
* Teaching hours included Lectures, Seminars and Practical.
26
Course Code
Theory / Practical
Core/ Elective
BMS
Theory
Core
BMS
Theory
Core
BMS
Theory
Core
Credits Marks
6
100
100
6
100
100
6
100
100
BMS
Practical
Core
4
Core
3
Core
Total
Marks
26
100
20
10
20
50
100
100
500
University of Madras
Degree of Master of Science in the Faculty of Medicine
Branch II - M.Sc. Physiology (Interdisciplinary)
SYLLABUS
DETAILED SYLLABUS 1st SEMESTER
BMS - Human Anatomy I Theory (Core -4 Credits) (60 Hours)
(Upper limb, Lower Limb and Thorax)
Overview of Anatomy
1. Medical and Anatomical terminology, The Anatomical position, The Anatomical Plans, Sections of the body,
Terms of relationship. Terms of comparison, Terms of movement, Anatomical Variations. 2. Diagnostic
Imaging,
3. Bones and the skeletal system, Types of bone, 4. Joints, Classification of joints, innervation of joints. 5.
Muscle tissue and muscular system. Types of muscle, 6. Blood vessels and cardiovascular system, Lymphatic
and the Lymphatic system, Functions of the lymphatics, Nervous tissue and nervous system.
The upper limb (
1. Bones of the upper limb, The pectoral Girdle. 2. The pectoral muscles, 3. The axilla, The Brachial plexus . 4.
The back and shoulder region Muscles connecting the upper limb to the vertebral column, The scapular
muscles . 5. The arm , The Humerus, The brachial fascia and intermuscular septum,6. Muscles of the arm The
cubital fossa. 7. The Forearm, Muscles in the cubital region, 8.bones of the wrist and hand 9. Muscles of the
forearm. 10. Nerves of the forearm, 11.Arteries of the forearm, 12 The extensor muscles of the forearm,13. The
posterior nerves of the forearm , The posterior arteries of the forearm .14. The Wrist and Hand , The hand. 15.
Joints of the upper limb , 16. Patient oriented problem, Discussion of patients problems.
( 1st mid term examination )
The Lower Limb
1. The Hip and thigh areas, The bone and surface anatomy of the hip, 2. The bones and surface anatomy of the
thigh, 3.The fascia of the thigh, The thigh muscles, 4.The femoral triangle . 5.The Gluteal Region, the gluteal
nerves, 6.The gluteal arteries, The Gluteal veins , 7. The Posterior thigh muscles , 8.The Popleteal fossa , 9.The
leg, 10.Bones of the leg , Surface anatomy of the leg , 11. Bones of the Foot , 12. The Crural Fascia ,
Compartments of the Leg. 13.The Foot , Muscles of the foot , 14. Nerves of the foot , 15.Arteries of the foot ,
16.Veins of the foot. 17.Joints of the Lower Limb , The Hip joint , 18.The knee joint , 19.The Tibiofibular joints ,
The ankle joint , Joints of the foot , The Arches of the foot. 20.Patient Oriented Problems , Discussion of
Patient's problems.
(2nd mid term examination)
The Thorax
1. The Thoracic Wall , Skin and Fascia of the Thoracic Wall , 2. Bones of the Thoracic Wall , 3. Surface Anatomy
of the Anterior Thoracic Wall , 4.The Breasts , 5.Movements of the Thoracic Apertures , 6. Muscles of the
Thorax , 7.The Intercostal Spaces , The Intercostal Nerves , The Intercostal Arteries , The Intercostal Veins ,
8.The Internal Thoracic Vessels . 9.The Thoracic Cavity , 10.Pleura and Pleural Cavities , 11.The Lungs. 12.The
Mediastinum , The Pericardium , 13.The Heart , 14. The Superior Mediastinum , The Posterior Mediastinum , The
Anterior Mediastinum. 15. Patient's Oriented Problems , Discussion of Patient's Problems .
(End Semester Examination - including all the portions)
Text Book:
Clinically Oriented Anatomy, Keith L.Moore . Williams and Wilkins1992. 3rd Edition
Book for Reference:
1. Structure and Function of the Body, Mosby Year Book
27
2. Grant's Method of Anatomy - Williams and Wilkins
BMS Human Embryology and Histology
Theory (Core - 3 Credits) (45 Hours)
Human Embryology
General Embryology: 1. Gametogenesis - Development of gametes. 2. First week of Development - Ovulation
to Implantation. 3. Second week of Development - Bi-laminar Germ disc. 4. Third week of Development of tri-laminar
germ disc. 5. Third to eighth week- The embryonic period. 6. Third month to Birth. The fetal Period and birth defects. 7.
Fetal membranes and placenta. .
Text Book: Langman's Medical Embryology. T.W. Sadler, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. (8th Edition)
2000.
Human Histology
Part I .: 1. Cell structure and function 2. Cell cycle and application
Part II. Basic tissue types. 3. Blood. 4. Connective tissue 5.Epithelial tissue 6. Muscle 7. Nervous tissue .
Part 3. Organ systems 8. Circulatory system 9. Skin 10. Skeletal tissue 11. Immune system 12. Respiratory
system 13. Oral tissue 14. Gastro intestinal tract. 15. Liver and pancrease 16. Urinary system 17. The endocrine
glands 18. Male reproductive system 19. Female reproductive system 20. Central nervous system 21. Special
sense organs
Text Book
Wheater's Functional Histology, A Text and colour atlas. H. George Burkitt and Barbara
Young and John W. Heath . ELBS English Language Book Society. Churchill
Livingston . 1997. 3rd Edition.
BMS - Practical -I Human Anatomy
(Core 3 Credits) (45 Hours)
Gross Anatomy - Demonstration of various Regions in Human Cadaver.
Text Book
Cunnighams Mannual of Practical Anatomy C.J. Romanes, Oxford Medical Publications, Oxford. 15th Edition.
2000.
BMS Human Physiology - I.
Theory (Core - 4 Credits) (60 Hours)
Theory: The theory shall include principles of General cell Physiology and all systemic physiology. The standard of
teaching shall be that of The Guyton text book of physiology.
Unit I. Cell Physiology Unit II. Muscle Physiology Unit III. Blood Unit IV Respiratory Physiology Unit V
Reference Books:
1. Text book of Medical Physiology. Arthur C. Guyton and John E. Hall. Har Court Asia
Pvt Ltd. W.B. Saunders Company. Singapore. 2000. 10th Edition.
2. Human physiology, The basis of Medicine – Gillian Pocock and Christopher
D.Richards. OXFORD, University press- 1999, First edition.
3. Review of Medical Physiology. William F. Ganong. The McGraw-Hill companies,
Inc.2003. 21st Edition.
BMS
Physiology Practical - I - Human Physiology
Haematology particles:
1. R.B.C count
2. Total leukocyte count
3. Estimation of Haemoglobin concentration
4. Determination of packed cell volume (PCV)
5. Blood Indices
6. Differential Leukocyte count
7. Determination of Blood groups
8. Determination of bleeding time and clotting time.
(Core - 3 credits) (90Hours)
Reference Books:
1. Textbook of Practical Physiology , Ghai - 2004
28
2. Text book of Medical Physiology. Arthur C. Gyton and John E. Hall. Har Court Asia
Pvt Ltd. .B. Saunders Company. Singapore. 2000. 10th Edition.
3. A Text book of practical Physiology, AR. Chaudhari. Paras Medical Pulishing 2000.
4. Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology, SM Lewis , BJ Bain, I Bates – Churchill
Livingstone-9th Edition 2001.
SYLLABUS FOR RECOMMENDED ELECTIVE COURSES
BMS 1071 Principle of Biochemistry -I
Theory (Elective Course -3 Credits) (48 Hours)
Bio Organic Chemistry
A.
Structure of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides with
reference To ring structure,
linkage, reducing action functional groups and
occurrence of glucose, galatose, fructose, ribose, dexyribose,
maltose, lactose, surose, starch, Cellulose, glycogen, hexosamines and hexuronic acids. (Derivation of structures is
not needed)
B.
B. Fatty acids (Unsaturated and saturated chain length) glycerol, esters, phospholipids, and sphingolipids,
cholesterol, ergosterol, hormonal steroids and bile acids.
C.
Amino acids classifications, peptide linkages, polypeptides, and proteins, primary, secondary, primary,
secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures, reversible and irreversible inactivation of proteins, isoelectric
point. Examples of plasma protein, haemoglobin, casein and egg albumin.
D.
Purines and pyrimidines, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
Enzymes
Classification of enzymes, enzyme mechanism, active site, inhibition, competitive, uncompetitive, noncompetitive and
allosteric inhibitions, co-enzymic of vitamins.
Digestion of polysaccharides, triacyl glycerols and proteins in the gastro intestinal tract.
Reference Books
Harpers's Biochemistry, Robert K. Murray Daryl K. Granner, Peter A. Mayes and Victor W. Rodwell. Prentice -Hall
International, INC. Singapore. 24th Edition. 1998.
Principles of Biochemistry, Ambika shanmugasundaram
DETAILED SYLLABUS 2nd SEMESTER
BMS 1052 Human Anatomy II
Theory (Core 4 Credits) (136 Hours)
Head , Neck,
The Head (74 Hours)
1. The skull , 2. Bones of the skull. 3.The face , Muscles of the face , 4.Arteries of the face , 5.Veins of the face ,
6.Lymphatic Drainage of the face , 7.The parotid Gland . 8.The Scalp , Layers of the Scalp , Nerves of the Scalp ,
Arteries of the Scalp , Veins of the Scalp , Lymphatic Drainage of the Scalp . 9. The Cranial Fossae , The
Anterior Cranial Fossae , The Middle Cranial Fossae , The Posterior Cranial Fossae. 10.Cranial Meninges and
Cerebrospinal Fluid , 11.The Brain, The main parts of the brain , Ventricular System and CSF. 12. The Orbit ,
The orbital contents , The orbital muscles . 13. The parotid region , 14. The temporal region , 15. The temporal
fossae , The infratemporal fossa. 16. The temporomandibular joint , 17. The oral region , The oral cavity , The
palate The tongue , 18. The salivary glands , 19.The pterygopalatine fossa . 20.The nose , The paranasal
sinuses . 21. The ear , The external ear , The middle ear , 23. The internal ear . 24. Patient Oriented Problems ,
Discussion of Patient's Problems.
(1st Mid semester examination)
The Neck (25Hours)
1. Surface Anatomy of the Neck , Superficial Neck muscles . 2. Triangles of the Neck , Posterior triangle of the
neck Anterior triangle of the neck , 3. The cervical viscera , 4.Fascial planes of the neck. 5.The Larynx ,
6.Muscles of the pharynx , Interior of the pharynx. 7. The Larynx , 8. Patient Oriented problems , Discussion of
patient's problems.
The cranial nerves (32 Hours)
29
1. The olfactory nerve, 2.The optic nerve, 3.The oculomotor nerve, 4.The trochlear nerve, 5.The trigeminal
nerve, 6.The abducent nerve, 7.The facial nerve 8.The vestibulocochlear nerve, 9.The Glossopharyngeal nerve,
10.The vagus nerve, 11.The accessory nerve, 12..The hypoglossal nerve.
The Back (15 Hours)
1. The vertebral column , Normal curvatures of the vertebral column , Palpation of the vertebral column , 2.The
vertebrae , 3.Joints of the vertebral column . 4.Muscles of the back , The Extrinsic back muscles , The intrinsic
back muscles ,. The suboccipital region . 5. Spinal cord and Meninges , 6. Patient Oriented Problems ,
Discussion of Patient's Problems.
(End semester examination including all portions)
Text Book:
Clinically Oriented Anatomy, Keith L.Moore . Williams and Wilkins1992. 3rd Edition.
Book for Reference:
1. Structure and Function of the Body, Mosby Year Book
2. Grant's Method of Anatomy - Williams and Wilkins
BMS 1058 Human Physiology II Theory (Core 4 Credits) (136 Hours)
1. Cardiovascular system (60 hours)
2. Special senses (20 hours)
3. Central Nervous system (56 hours)
Reference Book:
1. Text book of Medical Physiology. Author C. Guyton and John E. Hall. Har Court Asia
Pvt Ltd. W.B. Saunders Company. Singapore. 2000. 10 th Edition
2. Human Anatomy and Physiology , Elaine N. Marieb 4th Edition 1998.
3. Anthony’s Text book of Anatomy and Physiology , Gary A. Thibodeau 13 th Edition 1990
4. Text book of Physiology, Gabriel C. Ezeilo – Oxford press 1st Edition 2002.
BMS 1080 Practical -V - Human Physiology -II
Haemotology
1. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
2. Osmotic fragility of red blood cells
3. Specific gravity of blood by copper sulphate
4. Platelet count
5. Reticulotcyte count
6. Absolute Eosinophil count
(Core - 3 credits) (90 Hours)
Reference Books:
1. Text book of Medical Physiology. Arthur C. Gyton and John E. Hall. Har Court Asia
Pvt Ltd. W.B. Saunders Company. Singapore. 2000. 10th Edition.
Books for Reference:
2. A Text book of practical Physiology, AR. Chaudhari. Paras Medical Pulishing 2000.
3. Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology, SM Lewis , BJ Bain, I Bates – Churchill
Livingstone-9th Edition 2001.
BMS 1060 Practical - III - Human Anatomy II and Neuro Anatomy (Core - 3 credits) 90 Hours
Gross Anatomy - Demonstration of various Regions in Human Cadaver.
Demonstration of Human brain and dissected brain
Text Book
Cunnighams Manual of Practical Anatomy C.J. Romanes, Oxford Medical Publications, Oxford. 15th Edition.
2000.
SYLLABUS FOR RECOMMENDED ELECTIVE COURSES
BMS 1072 PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY - II
Theory 48 Hours ELECTIVE COURSE - ( 3 CREDITS)
Intermediary Metabolism
A.
Glucose metabolism : Glycolysis, glycogenesis, pentose - phosphate pathway and
UDP hexoseamines and uronic acids and conversion of galactose to glucose.
30
gluconeogenesis,
B.
Fatty acid breakdown, phospho lipid hydrolysis, cerebrosides and ganglioside biosynthesis and break down,
cholesterol biosynthesis and bile acid production, ketone bodies.
C.
Tricarboxylic acid cycle, biological oxidation and mitochondrial energy metabolics, oxidative deamination,
transamination, decarboxylation, formation of urea, glytamine creatine, ketogenic and glycogenic aminoacid
transmethylation, lipotrophic factors.
D.
Biosynthesis of DNA, RNA and protein in the intact cell. End product of purine and pyrimidine, catabolism.
Nutritional Biochemistry
A.
Caloric requirement, recommended dietary allowances of vitamins, minerals and proteins. Biological role of
proteins, essential amino acids and fatty acids.
B.
Vitamins deficiency states and the mechanism of action of fat and water soluble vitamins, hormonal actions.
Clinical Biochemistry
A.
Inborn errors of metabolism with reference to galactosamine, phenylketonuria, alkaptonuria, albinism,
sphingolipidosis and mucopolysacchoridisis.
B.
Biochemical test for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, jaundice, liver and kidney/function tests. Importance of
assay of serum choliesterol, creatinine, phosphokinase, amylase, transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and
LDH in diagnosis.
Reference Books.
Harpers's Biochemistry, Robert K. Murray Daryl K. Granner, Peter A. Mayes and Victor W. Rodwell. Prentice -Hall
International, INC. Singapore. 24th Edition. 1998.
Principles of Biochemistry Ambika shanmugasundaram
DETAILED SYLLABUS 3rd SEMESTER
BMS Human physiology III: General Physiology - Theory core (112 Hours 6 Credits)
Unit I: (28 hour)
Function of cell organelles. Membrane structure –Transport across biological membrane. Simple diffusion,
Facilitated diffusion, transport through channels and gating of channels, active transport, osmosis – method of studying
channels.
Unit II: (20 hour)
Receptors: Sensory receptors - up and down regulation of hormonal receptors - Generator potential
Unit III: (28 hour)
Ionic basis of cell membrane potential –Nernst equation - Goldman Hodgkin equation - generation of action
potential - components of action potential - types of action potential - methods of studying membrane potential and
recording of action potential.
Unit IV: (36 hour)
Homeostasis: definition, Regulatory mechanism – positive and negative feed back mechanisms. Blood volume –
Temperature - Blood glucose and their regulations - Acid base balance
Reference books:
1. Rceptors: Structure and Function, Clare Stanford and Roger Horton - Oxford press
2nd edition 2001.
2. Cell Physiology Molecular dynamics, Henry Tedeschi. Wm.C. Brown Publishers 2 nd
Edition. 1993.
3. Text book of Medical Physiology. Author C. Guyton and John E. Hall. Har Court Asia
Pvt Ltd. W.B. Saunders Company. Singapore. 2000. 10 th Edition
4. Basic Clinical Physiology-Oxford Medical Publications
5. Review of Medical Physiology. William F. Ganong. The McGraw-Hill companies,
31
Inc.2003. 21st Edition.
BMS Human physiology III: Physiology III Theory core (112 Hours) (6 Credits)
Unit I: (52 hours)
1. Urinary system: Structure of urinary system and its histology with reference to its
function. Blood supply and its peculiarities with reference to its function. Types of
nephrone.
2. Mechanism of urine formation: Glomerular Filtration Rate - Factors responsible for
Glomerular Filtration - Filtration fraction - Filtration coefficient - Factors regulating
GFR Tubular reabsorbion: Proximal convoluted tubule - renal tubular maxima - renal
thresh hold
3. Loop of Henle: Components in counter current mechanism - Role of exchanger and
multiplier system.
4. Distal convoluted tubule (DCT): Juxta Glomerular Apparatus - Renin angiotensin
system - Reabsorption and secretary process in the DCT.
Collecting duct: Anti diuretic hormone function - Role in the maintenance of medullary
interstitial fluid - Ureter –urethrorenal reflex - Vesicourethral reflex.
5. Bladder: Structure and innervations with reference to the function - cystometrogram Micturtion reflex - urine volume and composition.
Unit II (60 hours)
1. Gastro intestinal system (GI): Structure of GIT - intrinsic and extrinsic nervous system
of GI tract.
2. Salivary gland: composition of saliva - it’s functions.
3. Stomach: Parts and types of glands in stomach - composition of gastric juice and their
functions.
4. Liver: Bile composition and functions - role in digestion - enterohepatic circulation.
5. Pancreas: Pancreatic juice composition and it functions.
6. Digestion and absorption of fat, carbohydrate and proteins.
Reference Books:
1. Human Physiology, Rhoades. Pflanzer – Thomson and Brooks 4th Edition 2003.
2. Best and Taylor’s Physiological Basis of Medical Practice John B. West 12th edition.1990.
3. Gastrointestinal Physiology, Leonard R.Johnson - Mosby press 6th Edition 2002,
4. Concepts of Human Physiology, Malvin, Johnson, Malvin - 1997
BMS
Research methods in Anatomy, Practical (Core 3 Credits) (48 Hours)
Demonstration of perfusion and fixation of animals
Tissue procession of a given tissue piece up to blocking.
Demonstration of microtome parts and their working, working
Demonstration of cryostat, and cryosectioning of a given tissue.
Demonstation of sectioning of the paraffin blocks.
Staining the paraffin sections with H & E, trichrome, PAS and Toluidine blue.
Staining the given sections for Neural cells, myelin, axons and glia using CFV, LFB,
Loyex, Weigert & Pal, Bielchowsky’s silver and modified PTAH methods.
Fluorescent tracer study using DiI – tracing a neural pathway in an animal cadaver.
Demonstration of Nikon microscopes and their accessories
Photomicrography.
LIST OF PRACTICAL CLASSES
1.
Perfusion fixation of a rat
2.
Tissue processing and embedding in paraffin wax
3.
Section cutting of a paraffin block
4.
Tissue preparation and sectioning using cryostat
5.
Toluidine blue staining
6.
Haematoxylin & Eosin staining.
7.
Masson’s trichrome staining
8.
Mallory’s trichrome staining
9.
PAS Staining
10.
CFV staining
11.
Loyez’s method of staining
12.
Glees and Marshland’s modification of Bielchowsky’s silver staining
32
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
Golgi-cox method of impregnation
Modified PTAH staining
Viability estimation using Trypan Blue exclusion method
Gastrocnemius innervation in frogs – DiI tracer injection
Fluorescent Microscopy for DiI labelled tissues
Stereological& Morphometry – I. Estimation of gross anatomical parameters such as weight,
gross measurements, volume and specific gravity of various organs.
Stereological & Morphometry – II. Estimation of various microanatomical parameters such as
area, volume density, numerical density, axial ratio of different tissue components of various
organs
Reconstruction techniques – usage of camera lucida of drawing
Isolation of cells from tissues using trypsination for cell culture studies
Macro Photography
Photomicrography – light and fluorescent microscopy
Books for Reference
1. Theory and practice of Histological Techniques, Bancraft and Marilyn Gamble. Churchill Livingstone, London. 5th
Edition. 2002.
2. Trouble shooting Histology Stains - Churchill Living stone
BMS
MEDICAL IMAGING AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE Theory (Elective course - 3 credits) (90 Hours)
Theoretical aspects, exact practical steps and interpretation of results regarding the following techniques
1.
X-rays
a.
Plain x-rays
b.
Angiography
c.
Cholangiography
d.
Urography both intravenous and retrograde
e.
Salphingiography
f.
Barium meal, barium swallow and barium enema
2.
Ultrasound Investigations
3.
Doppler Study for Vascular structures
4.
Computerized Tomography – both plain and contrast
5.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging – both plain and contrast based
BMS1013
Principles of Endocrinology Theory (Elective course - 3 credits) (48 Hours)
Introduction to Endocrine organs - endocrine secretions - Hypothalamo - hypophyseal axis - Hypothalamic
regulation of pituitary functions - Pituitary hormones and their target organs Thyroid glands - Its hormones - Their
functions - The adrenal gland , adrenal cortex - adrenal medulla - cortical hormones and their functions - medullary
hormones and their functions - Hormones of Islets of Langerhans and their functions - Endocrine functions of gonads Hormones involved in calcium homeostasis - Endocrine diseases.
BMS 1027 Principles of Genetics I (Theory) Elective Course - 3 Credits (48 Hours)
Candidates with a good biology background are encouraged to take this course. The candidates will be
introduced to the basic terms of genetics which will include Mendelian ratios, linkage and recombination, chromosome
structure and abnormalities, structure and properties of the genetic material and basic biochemical genetics.
1. Essential Genetics , Daniel, L. Hartl. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston. 1996.
2. Basic Human Genetics, Rober F. Weaver and Philip W. Hedrick. W.C. Brown
Publishers. Dubuque. 2nd Edition. 1995.
3. Basic Genetics, Gurbachan S. Miglani, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi. 2000.
BMS 1011 Molecular and cellular endocrinology Theory (Elective course - 3 credits)
(48 Hours)
Course Objective
To provide theoretical background on the molecular aspects of hormone synthesis secretion and action to those
who intend to pursue research in this line.
Syllabus: Chemistry, secretion, metabolism and action of peptide, thyroid, steroid Hormones and biogenic amines
with reference to metabolic regulation. Interaction, gene expression, Mechanism of action of steroid and peptide
hormones - Modulation of hormone secretion. Practical Methodology of Radio (RIA) Immuno assay and Enzyme linked
immuno sorbent assay (ELISA)
33
DETAILED SYLLABUS 4th SEMESTER
BMS Human Physiology V: Research Methods in Physiology I Theory (Theory
Core130 hours Credits 6)
Unit I: (28 hours)
Cell : Methods of recording of action potentials - method of studying the channels
Clinical disorder with reference to cell division - Turner's Syndrome -Klinefelter syndrome - Down syndrome (trisomy
21) non disjunction
Unit II: (50 hours)
Blood: Plasma protein - normal value - separation – its function- Plasmapheresis to show origin - Variation in Health
and disease. Erythrocytes: Morphology -Variation in Physiological and Pathological condition - Factor regulation RBC
production - Diseases affect RBC production - Anemias & its classification - determination of Anemia - Determination
Life span of RBC. Jaundice: classification of Jaundice – Diagnosis - Clinical importance. Reticulocyte counts.
Coagulation disorders and diagnostic test - Clotting time - Prothrombin time - Blood grouping – typing – its importance
- Coombs test –direct and indirect methods. WBC: Function- Variation in Physiological and Pathological condition Immune mechanism and antibody formation. Platelets: Origin –morphology – function – variation – disorders. Blood
volume regulation – dehydration - edema – blood volume expanders. Diathesis - Some heritable disorders of blood
coagulation associated with bleeding - Genetic disorders - Classic Hemophilia (factor VIII deficiency) - Von Willebrands
disease (factor VIII deficiency, platelet abnormalities) - Christmas disease (factor IX deficiency) – Thalassemia autoimmune disorder - Sickle cell anemia .
Unit III: (32 hours)
Gastro Intestinal system: Gastrointestinal movement - Jakson’s Enterograph - Endoscopy - Fractional test meal Different classical pouches to study HCL secretion. Liver function tests.
Unit IV: (20 hours)
Kidney: Tubular function studies –Composition - Urine abnormal constituents - Kidney function tests.
Reference Books:
1. Samson Wright’s Applied Physiology, Cyril A. Keele, Eric Neil and Norman Joels
Oxford press- 13th edition 1988
2. Text book of Physiology, Patton, Fuchs, Hille, Scher, Steiner. 21 st edition 1989
3. The Phsiology of Excitable cells, David J. Aidley - Cambridge press- 4th edition
1998.
4. Gastro intestinal Transit Michael A.Kamm and John E. Lennard-Jones - WB
Publisher 1st edition 1991.
5. Human Physiology , Vander, Sherman, Luciano - WCB Mc Graw Hill 6th
Edition 1994
6. Cell Physiology Molecular dynamics, Henry Tedeschi. Wm.C. Brown Publishers
2nd Edition. 1993.
7. Sodium – Calcium Exchange, Donald W. Hilgemann, Kenneth D. Philipson, Guy
Vassort- The New York Academy of Sciences- 1996.
BMS
Human Physiology VI: Research Methods in Physiology II Theory (Theory Core130 hours Credits 6)
Cardio Vascular System
Unit I: (74 hours)
Properties of Cardiac Muscle - General Principle - Einthovan law-Recording - Vector analysis - Diagnostic importance of
ECG – Abnormal ECGs - Heart sound: Phonocardiogram - Abnormal heart sounds - thrills.
Pulse – Recording - Clinical importance - Starling’s law - Starling’s heart lung preparation – Principle and application –
Laplace law-Application- Triple response: Blood flow measurement by dye dilution- Fick’s principle and other methods
Unit II (56 hours)
Respiration: Physiological laws in respiration Mechanics of respiration, Lung volume and capacity, Compliance Artificial respiration-Recording-Intrapulmonary pressure recording -Pulmonary function tests - Blood gas analysis.
34
Reference Books:
1. Human Physiology , David F. Moffett, Stacia B. Moffett, Charles L. Schauf - Mosby 2nd Edition 1993.
2. Human Physiology , Vander, Sherman, Luciano - WCB Mc Graw Hill 6th Edition
1994
3. Samson Wright’s Applied Physiology, Cyril A. Keele, Eric Neil and Norman Joels
Oxford press- 13th edition 1988.
4. Progress in Sensory Physiology, D. Ottoson - Springer- Verlag - 1989
MSI SU2 Bio-Statistics Theory (Elective Course 48 hours 3 Credits)
Unit I:
Frequency distribution- Diagrammatic representation – measures of Central tendency – Dispersion – Probability –
Probability distribution – Binominal, Poisson & Normal Distribution- Applications in Biology , Correlation and
Regression, Multiple and Partial Correlation – Rank Correlation.
Unit II:
Large Sample test – Small Sample test – Student “t” “F”’ tests – Chi-square test for independence and Goodness of fit –
Analysis of Variance, Non parametric Tests – Sign test, Run test, median test, Two Sample Rank test.
BMS 1012 Reproductive Endocrinology Theory (Elective Course 3 Credits48 hours)
Sex differentiation and development of mammalian gonads and accessory sex organs, conception, and contraception
and neuroendocrine perspectives of mammalian reproduction; methods of evaluation of male and female reproductive
functions, semen analysis, hormone assays and induced ovulation.
BMS
Physiology Practical III- Research Methods in Physiology (Core 3 Credits 96 hours)
1. Total count- -Arneth count- count-Peripheral smear study,
2. Recording mechanical action potential in frog, Effect of second stimulus, repeated
stimulus Tetanus and fatigue, effect of ions, effect of temperature on frog muscle
3. Demonstrating Starting law
4. Recoding Intestinal movement and drug effect - EMG
5. Isolated and intact frog’s heart preparation: effect of ions and drug on heart - Stannius
ligature - General conduction pathway.
6. ECG recording
7. Blood Pressure - Measurement – Effect of exercise and postural variation on BP.
8. Respiration - Spirometry - Stethograph- Peak flow meters-FEV1-FEV2Reference Text books:
1. A Text book of practical Physiology, AR. Chaudhari. Paras Medical Pulishing 2000.
2. Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology, SM Lewis , BJ Bain, I Bates – Churchill
Livingstone-9th Edition 2001.
3. Manual of Practical Physiology, A.K. Jain. - Avichal publishing company - 3rd
edition 2004
BMS 1028 Principles of Genetics II Theory (3 Credits) (Elective Course 3 Credits)
Pre-requisite: BMS 127-Principles of Genetics I or equivalent course.
This course outlines the tenets of genetics in the areas of molecular genetics, microbial genetics, development genetics
and environmental genetics.
BMS 1078 Basic Pathology Theory Elective Course (48 Hours) (3 Credits)
Acute and Chronic inflammation- Tissue repair, Cellular growth, wound healing - Hemo dynamic disorder, thrombosis
and shock - Genetic diseases - Diseases of Immunity Neoplasia - Infectious Diseases - Environmental and Nutritional
Pathology - Diseases of Infancy & Childhood - Slides of the Condition to be shown and explained - Relevant Specimens
to be studied - Relevant stains to be studied. - Diseases of the specific organs.
Text Book: Cell Tissue and Disease. The basis of pathology Neville Woolf. W.B. Saunders Company Ltd.
Edinburgh. 3rd Edition. 2000.
DETAILED SYLLABUS 5th SEMESTER
35
BMS Dissertation submission (Core practical, Hours 314, Credit 6)
Project Work will be assigned in the beginning of 3rd Semester. The candidate will complete their project work and
submit their Dissertation on 15th of November in the 5th Semester.
BMS Physiology practical IV: Clinical examination. Core practical (90 hours 4 Credits)
Clinical examination: General examination - Cardiovascular system – Respiratory system - motor and sensory nerve
system testing.
Reference books:
1. Essentials of Clinical Neurophysiology ,K arl E. Miulis and Thomas C. Head. -Butterworth and Heinemann 3rd
edition 2003.
2. Hutchison’s Clinical Methods, Michael Swash - W.B.Saunders _ 21st Edition 2002.
3. Clinical Neruophysiology, UK Misra and J, Kalita – Churchill Livingstone- 1st edition 2001.
4. Macleod’s Clinical Examination, John F, Munro and Ian W. Campbell - Churchill Livingstone 10th Edition 2000.
5. Clinical Methods Wakeley
BMS 1027 Principles of Genetics I (Elective Course, Hours 48 – 3 Credits)
Candidates with a good biology background are encouraged to take this course. The candidates will be a
introduced to the basic tenets of genetics which will include Mendelian ratios, Linkage and recombination, chromosome
structures and abnormalities, structure and properties of the genetics materials and basic biochemical genetics
PHY 2041 Biomedical Instrumentation
(48 Hours)
Theory (Elective Course - 3 Credits)
Electro physiology - Bio signal - Acquisition - Measurements and monitoring systems - Sensory measurement and
nervous systems - Clinical laboratory instrumentation - Bio telemetry and electrical safely.
DETAILED SYLLABUS 6th SEMESTER
BMS
Human Physiology VII: Advance in Physiology I Theory (Theory Core130 hours Credits 6)
Unit I: (28 hours)
Transport: Pinocytosis - transport within cells phagocytosis and exocytosis with special transport proteins involved
Unit II: (28 hours)
Digestive system: GI hormone - GI movements - dietary fibers constipation – Achalasia- Zollinger Ellison syndrome reflux esophagitis diverticulities - Megacolon - Dumping syndrome - Appendicitis.
Unit III: (40 hours)
Respiration: - High altitude physiology - Hypoxia classification - Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy - Dyspenic Index
– Cyanosis - Hypercapnia – Asphyxia - Emphysema – Peumothroax and Deep sea physiology –Deep sea diving and its
effect on body gases - Pathological condition affecting gas exchange - Types of respirations.
Types of muscle and exercise. Effect of different exercise mild -moderate and severe aerobic and anaerobic exercises
Unit IV: (34 hours)
Kidney: Micturtion reflex and disorders - cystic fibrosis - Fanconi syndrome - renal glycosuria - Acute and chronic
renal failure - Diseases of kidney and Urinary system - Diuretics - Dialysis – Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis Diabetic insipidus.
Reference Books:
1. Comprehensive Human Physiology R. Greger, U. Windhorst – Volume I & II Springer- 1996.
2. Renal Physiolgy, Bruce M, Koeppen and Bruce A. Stanton 2002 3 rd Edition
BMS
Human Physiology VIII: Advance in Physiology II Theory (Theory Core 130 hours Credits 6)
Unit I: (60 hours)
CVS: blood flow factors affecting, theories for blood flow. - Poussiuille’s law- Pulmonary circulation, Coronary
circulation, Lymphatic circulation, cerebral circulation, splanchnic circulation shock classification
36
Unit II: (70 hours)
Endocrinology and Reproduction: Definition – Endocrine – Hormones - Methods of study – Alteration - Replacement Bio assay – Role of second messengers and its types. Clinical disorders: Sheehan syndrome - Gigantism – Acromegali Dwarf: Levi-Lorain dwarf/African dwarf - Diabetic mellitus – Piturary and adrenal diabetics - Insulin shock Addisonian crisis - Cushing syndrome – Conn syndrome – Tetany - Pheochromocytoma – Goiter and its types - Graves
disease – Myxedema - Cretinism - Osteoporosis - Adrenogenital syndrome - In appropriate ADH syndrome - Houssay
animal - Fertility control - Fertility clinical Ablation - Replacement therapy for male and females - Determination of
ovulation time – Cloning - Super female - true Hermaphroditism - Gauchers disease
Reference Text books:
1. Essential endocrinology, John Laycock and Peter Wise - 3rd Edition 1996
2. Text book of Endocrine Physiology, James E. Griffin and Sergio R. Ojeda - Oxfort
University press - 4th Edition 2000.
3. The Biochemistry of Cell Signalling, Ernst J.M.Helmreich - Oxfort University press1st Edition 2001.
BMS
Human Physiology IX: Advance in Physiology III Theory (Theory Core130 hours Credits 6)
Unit I: (33 hours)
Muscle - Theories of muscle contract - General muscle power testing - Duchene Type muscular dystrophy, Becker’s
muscular dystrophy - Grip dynamometer.
Unit II (33 hours)
Special senses: Theories of colour vision - Color blindness and testing - Visual acuity – Perimetry - Errors of refraction Glaucoma - Theories for hearing - deafness testing - Audiometry -Taste adaptation – Smell adaptation .
Unit III (20 hours)
Role of environment on human system - Stress induced alteration in hormonal and factors stress management with
respect to yoga and meditations
Unit IV: (44 hours)
CNS Central Nervous System: Nerve resting membrane potentials - Recording of nerve action potentials - Nerve
conduction velocity – Property of Synapses Muscle tone - Regulation of voluntary movement – rigidity – plasticity - Flaccidity – Memory - Sleep – Learning cerebral dominance - speech - Movement disorders due to Upper motor and Lower motor neuron lesion - Hemi
section of spinal cord - Wallarian degeneration and regeneration - Basal ganglia disorders - Cerebellar disorders Honer’s syndrome.
Reference Text book:
1. Stress and Health research and clinical applications. Dianna T. Kenny, john G. Carlson, F. Joseph McGuigan, Jonh L.
Sheppard – Harwood academic publishers-.2000 edition.
2. Stress and its management by YOGA, K.N. Udupa , R.C. Prasad – Motilal Banarsidass
2nd Edition 1985.
BMS. Practical V: Experimental Physiology (Practical Core110 hours Credits 5)
Clinical examination – Cranial nerve and Autonomic function test
Final viva voce in all theory cores
37
1st Semester TEACHING DEPARTMENTS / INSTITUTIONS
Subject
Course Conducting departments and Faulty
Physiology
Human Anatomy, Histology &
Embryology
Principal of Biochemistry
Physiology, PGIBMS / Faculty
Anatomy, PGIBMS / Faculty
Biochemistry, PGIBMS / Faculty
2nd Semester TEACHING DEPARTMENTS / INSTITUTIONS
Subject
Course Conducting departments and Faulty
Physiology
Human Anatomy, Histology &
Embryology
Principal of Biochemistry
Subject
Physiology, PGIBMS / Faculty
Anatomy, PGIBMS / Faculty
Biochemistry, PGIBMS / Faculty
3rd Semester TEACHING DEPARTMENTS / INSTITUTIONS
Course Conducting departments and Faulty
Physiology
Research Method in Anatomy
Medical Imaging and
Radiology
Principles of Endocrinology
Physiology, PGIBMS / Faculty
Anatomy, PGIBMS / Faculty
Institute of Radiology, Govt. General hospital. Chennai.
Endocrinology, PGIBMS / Faculty
4th Semester TEACHING DEPARTMENTS / INSTITUTIONS
Subject
Course Conducting departments and Faulty
Physiology
Biostatic
Reproductive Endocrinology
Computer application in biology
and medicine
Physiology, PGIBMS / Faculty
Biostatistics department, university of Madras
Endocrinology, PGIBMS / Faculty
Anatomy, PGIBMS / Faculty
5th Semester TEACHING DEPARTMENTS / INSTITUTIONS
Subject
Course Conducting departments and Faulty
Dissertation
Physiology, PGIBMS / Faculty
Physiology
Principles of Genetics
Biomedical instrumentation
Physiology, PGIBMS / Faculty
Genetic, PGIBMS / Faculty
School of Physical sciences, University of Madras
6th Semester TEACHING DEPARTMENTS / INSTITUTIONS
Subject
Course Conducting departments and Faulty
Physiology
Final Via voce
Physiology, PGIBMS / Faculty
Physiology, PGIBMS / Faculty
BRANCH II - M.Sc. PHYSIOLOGY (INTERDISPLINARY) (COURSE CONTENT)
SUBJECTS & CODE
Ist SEMESTER
BMS 1051 Human Anatomy I
BMS 1053 Human Histology and Embryology
BMS 1055 Human Physiology I
BMS 1057 Practical - I - Human Anatomy
BMS 1059 Practical - II - Human Physiology
BMS 1071 Principle of Biochemistry- I
(Core - 4 credits)
(Core - 3 credits)
(Core - 4 credits)
(Core - 3 credits)
(Core - 3 credits)
(Elective - 3 credits)
SUBJECTS & CODE 2nd SEMESTER
BMS 1052 Human Anatomy - II
(Core - 4 credits)
BMS 1058 Human Physiology - II
(Core - 4 credits)
BMS 1060 Practical - III - Human Anatomy II and Neuro Anatomy(Core - 3 credits)
BMS 1080 Practical - II Human Physiology
(Core - 3 credits)
BMS 1072 Principle of Biochemistry- I
(Elective 3 Credits)
SUBJECTS & CODE
3rd SEMESTER
38
BMS
BMS
BMS
BMS
BMS
BMS 1013
BMS 1017
BMS 1011
Human Physiology III
-General physiology
Human Physiology IV- Physiology III
Human embryology and Histology II
Research method in Anatomy
Medical imaging and radiology
Principle’s of endocrinology
Principle’s of Genetics I
Molecular and cellular endocrinology
(Core 6 Credits)
(Core 6 Credits)
(Core 3 Credits)
(Core 3 Credits)
(Elective 3 Credits)
(Elective 3 Credits)
(Elective 3 Credits)
(Elective 3 Credits)
SUBJECTS & CODE 4th SEMESTER
BMS
Human Physiology V Research methods in Physiology I
(Core 6 Credits)
BMS
Human Physiology VI Research methods in Physiology II
(Core 6 Credits)
MSI SU2
Biostatistics
(Elective 3 Credits)
BMS 1012
Reproductive endocrinology
(Elective 3 Credits)
BMS
Computer application in biology and medicine
(Elective 3 Credits)
BMS
Physiology practical IIIResearch method in Physiology
(Core 3 Credits)
BMS 1078
Basic Pathology
(Elective 3 Credits)
BMS 1028
Principals of Genetics II
(Elective 3 Credits)
SUBJECTS & CODE 5th SEMESTER
BMS
Dissertation
(Core 6 Credits)
BMS
Physiology practical IV – Clinical Examination
(Core 4 Credits)
BMS 1027
Principle’s of Genetics I
(Elective 3 Credits)
PHY 2041
Biomedical Instrumentation
(Elective 3 Credits)
BMS 1091
Drug Therapy
(Elective 3 Credits)
BMS 2089
Fundamentals of
Environmental toxicology / Neurotoxicology
(Elective 3 Credits)
SUBJECTS & CODE 6th SEMESTER
BMS
Human Physiology VII- Advances in Physiology I
(Core 6 Credits)
BMS
Human Physiology VIII- Advances in Physiology II (Core 6 Credits)
BMS
Human Physiology IX- Advances in Physiology III
(Core 6 Credits)
BMS
Practical V –Experimental Physiology
(Core 5 Credits)
BMS
Final Viva Voce
(Core 3 Credits)
39
Department of Endocrinology
The Department of Endocrinology is a research department. The department has been recognized for
Departmental research support under UGC Special Assistance Programme to facilitate research in the following
thrust areas since 1999. (1) Reproductive and molecular Endocrinology and (2) Environmental Endocrinology. The
Department of Science and Technology Govt. of India has selected the department for Infrastructural and equipment
facilities for research under its FIST programme from 2000 onwards. In addition to this, the department is funded by
various national agencies such as CSIR, DST, DAE, ICMR and UGC. The department undertakes research works
involving evaluation of hormones and receptors and gene expression in endocrine pathophysiology, reproductive and
metabolic disorders and cancer. Evaluation of bioavailability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokineties of contraceptive
hormone preparations, hormone based drugs and plant biomolecules.
And new bimolecular
in endocrine,
autoimmune metabolic and reproductive disorders. The departmental instrument facility includes electroporator, PCR
machine, ELISA reader, CO incubators, speed vac concentrator, Liquid Scintillation counter, Gamma counter
Ultracentrifuge, High speed refrigerated centrifuge, Double beam spectrophotometer, Research microscopes with
Fluorescence, phase contrast and photography, inverted microscope, stero zoom microscope, Ultra deep freezers and
Rotary vacuum flash evaporator. Modern laboratories for Cell culture radioisotope studies and temperature and light
controlled animal experimental room are available. The department has BARC recognized radioisotope laboratory. The
department offers M.Phil. and Ph.D. programmes in Endocrinology and two optional papers and one supportive paper
for M.Sc.students..
FACULTY LIST:
Dr. M.Michael Aruldhas, M.Phil. Ph.D.
Dr. N.Srinivasan, M.Phil. Ph.D.
Dr. K.Balasubramanian, M.Phil., Ph.D.
Dr. J.Arunakaran, M.Phil., Ph.D.
Dr. B.Ravisankar, M.Phil., Ph.D.
: Professor and Head
: Professor
: Professor
: Sr. Lecturer
: Lecturer
Eligibility for Admission
M.Phil. Endocrinology
Illustration for postgraduate under CBCS with effect from the Academic year 2007-2008.
Master of Philosophy course
Course code
BMS 121
BMS 123
BMS 125
Title of the Paper
SEMESTER I
Hormones: Synthesis
Secretion-Transport
And Metabolism
Hormones: Physiological
and Molecular
Mechanism of action
Hormones:
Pathophysiology and
C/E/S
Credit
L
T
P
C
C
5
1
0
6
C
5
1
0
6
C
5
1
0
6
40
Research Methodology
BMS 122
Skill Based Course
SEMESTER II
Dissertation and viva-voce
Skill Based Course
S
2
C
S
2
2
-
Total
41
25
2
47
M.Phil. Endorinology (CBCS)
SYLLABUS :
First Semester
BMS 121 – Paper – 1
Hormones: Synthesis-Secretion-Transport and Metabolism
Total credits : 6
1.
Hypothalamic hormones (TRH, GnRH, CRH, GHRH somatostatin)
Structure-synthsis release and regulation.
2. Peptide/protein (GH, prolactin, ACTH, insulin, glucagon, PTH, calcitionin,
Lactogen ) and glycoprotein hormones (TSH, FSH, LH) Structure, SynthesisRelease and regulation.
3. Steroid hormones (Androgens, estrogens, progesterone, glucocorticoids,
Mineralocorticoid) – structure, synthesis-release transport-regulation and
Metabolism.
4. Thyroid hormones-structure-synthesis-release-regulation-transport and
metabolism.
5. Catecholamines-structure-synthesis-release-regulation-transport and metabolism.
6.
Indolamines-structure-synthesis-release-regulation-transport and metabolism.
BMS 123 – Paper –II
Hormones: Physiological and Molecular Mechanism of action
Total credits : 6
1.Peptide hormone’s receptors, their regulation and transmembrane signaling-Type
of Receptors, G-protein complex, effectors-second messengers, kinases, adaptor
Proteins, transcription factors
2.Nuclear action of peptide hormones binding and activation of gene expression.
3.Steroid/Thyroid hormones-transmembrane and intracellular transport, receptorsStructure, dimidiation-transformation, translocation into the nucleus and
Interaction and regulation of target gene expression.
4. Physiological action of hormones in the regulation of spermatogenesis, sperm
Maturation, oogenesis and menstrual/estrus cycles, hormones in pregnancy,
Parturition and lactation, contraception.
5. Hormones in calcium, sodium, potassium and glucose homeostasis.
42
********************
BMS 125 Paper –III
Hormones: Pathophysiology and Research Methodology
Total credits : 6
1.Pathophysiology of hypothalamus and pituitary (dwarfism, adenoma,
galacorrhea amenorrhea) adrenal corex (Addison’s disease & Cushing’s
syndrome, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia) medulla (Pheocromocytoma),
thyroid (Autoimmune disorder) parathyroid (hypo and hyper
parathyoridism) pancreas (IDDM and NIDDM) and gonads (cystic
ovaries, endometriosis, hypogonadism, cryptorchidism and testicular
carcinoma)
2.Laboratory techniques: Hormone assay-Chemical and Immunoassays
(radiometric and non-radiometric), spectrophotometric and fluorimetric
Techniques, histological and surgical endocrine techniques, semen
analysis.
3.Receptor assays: Extraction, purification, and quantification of hormone
receptors (cell surface, cytosolic and nuclear receptors)
4.Cell culture techniques.
5.Separation techniques-chromatography, electrophoresis, centrifugation and
Dialysis.
6.Radioisotopes-safe handling radioiodination of peptides, autoradiography.
and management of radioactive waste.
7. Biostatistics: Graphical representation of data, ANOVA, Student’s ’t’ test.
Skill Based Course
Credits = 2
43
BMS 122: DISSERTATION (Second Semester)
Research evaluation by Guide
M.Phil. dissertation
Viva-voice
= 5 credits
Total = 25 credits
Skill Based Course
= 8 credits
= 12 credits
Credits =
4
Annexure - I
Course Contents for 2006 – 2007
Department of Endocrinology
I) M.Sc Biomedical Sciences
Details of the Course
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Name of the degree
Faculty
Duration
Pattern
Total Number of Credits
The details of papers to
be offered
7. Total Strength
8. Eligibility
: M.Sc. Biomedical Sciences
Science
2 Years
Choice Based Credit System
78 Credits
9 Core Papers; 3 Practicals; 1 Dissertation;
6 Elective Papers
: 10
: Graduation in Life Sciences (except Plant Science),
:
:
:
:
:
Medicine and Pharmacy
44
Core Code
BMS
BMS
BMS
BMS
Elective*
Elective*
Skill Based
Courses
BMS
BMS
BMS
BMS
Elective*
Elective*
Skill Based
Coursed
BMS
BMS
BMS
BMS
Elective*
Elective
UOM S 001
BMS
Skill Based
Courses
Title of the Course
SEMESTER I
Biochemistry – I
Molecular Biology of the Cell
General Microbiology
Practical I
C/E/S
L
T
P
Credit
C
C
C
3
3
3
0
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
3
0
0
2
4
4
4
4
3
3
2
3
3
3
0
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
3
0
0
2
4
4
4
4
3
3
2
C
3
1
0
4
C
C
3
3
0
2
1
1
1
1
0
0
3
0
2
3
4
4
4
3
2
3
0
0
12
2
12
E
E
S
Skill Based Course
SEMESTER II
Biochemistry – II
Molecular Genetics
Principles of Human Physiology
Practical II
C
C
C
E
E
S
Skill Based Course
SEMESTER IIII
Hormones: Chemistry, Biosynthesis,
Secretion, metabolism and physiological actions
Molecular Pathology
Endocrine Pathology
Practical III
E
Skill Based Courses
Soft Skill
SEMESTER IV
Dissertation
Skill Based Course
S
S
Internship
2
1. Offered by other departments
Core 54; Elective 18
Total Credits : 88
Abstract of the Course Content
Semester I
BMS
Biochemistry – I
3
1
0
4
Dept. of Medical Biochemistry
Acids, Bases and Buffer; Thermodynamics of biological system; Classification, structure and functions of carbohydrates,
Amino acids and Lipids, Nucleic acids – Chemistry and Methods of Sequencing.
BMS
Molecular Biology of
the Cell
3
1
0
4
Dept. of Genetics
Cell structure, continuous and synchronous cell culture, cell fractionization. Molecular organization of cell, transport of
small and macro molecules, intra cellular organelles. Structure and functions of mitochondria. nucleus, nuclear
envelope, cell cycle, and cell movement. Oncogenes and neoplastic cell group, tumour suppressor genes.
BMS
General Microbiology
3
45
1
0
4
Dept. of Microbiology
BMS
Practical - I
0
1
3
4
Dept. of Endocrinology and
Biochemistry
Collection and Preservation of biological samples, Principles and uses of Colorimeter, Spectrophotometer, Flourimeter,
Atomic absorption spectrophotometer, Beta and Gamma counters, Iso – electric focusing, PAGE.
Cell Counting; vital staining; cell culture; cryopreservation; cell division-different stages in mitotic and meiotic divisions
(alium sepa; grass hopper testis)Cell organelles separation and identification
Different staining and cultivation methods in Bacteriology
Semester - II
BMS
Principles of Human Physiology
3
1
0
4
Dept. of Physiology
Circulatory system – composition and functions of plasma, blood coagulation, transfer of blood gases. Respiratory
system – components and their functions, Transport of oxygen and CO 2, Acid – Base balance. Digestive system –
composition and functions; Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins etc. Excretory system –
Structure of nephron, formation of urine, tubular reabsorption and secretion; Nervous system – organization, nerve
impulses and neurotransmission, Action Potential, Visual auditory pathways.
BMS
Molecular Genetics
3
1
0
4
Dept. of Genetics
Molecular organization of chromosomes, Linkage and cross over, Molecular structure of genes, structure and functions
of nucleic acids, replication of DNA and proof reading. Microbial genetics – transformation, transduction and conjugation
in bacteria, phage genetics. Gene expression – transcription, translation and regulation, the Operon model. Human
genetic disorders, genes in population.
BMS
Biochemistry – II
3
1
0
4
Dept. of Medical Biochemistry
Classification and Mechanism of action of enzymes, Michaelis – Menton equation, industrial use of enzymes,
carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, biological oxidation. Amino acids – deamination, decarboxylation and
transamination, phenylketoneuria, Parkinson’s disease, urea cycle. Synthesis and degradation of purines and
pyrimidines. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication, Transcription and Translation. The meaning of food – Food habits
The Nutrients, Nutrition and body weight – Determination – Food and Energy – Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) – Factors
influencing BMR
BMS
Practical II
0
1
3
4
Depts. of Medical
Biochemistry, Physiology and
Genetics
Ultracentrifugation, Paper chromatography of amino acids and carbohydrates. Purification of enzymes and proteins.
Separation and estimation of Lipids using TLC. Ion-Exchange chromatography, Flow cytometry and DHPLC.
Writing a BASIC computer program to plot graphs of enzyme kinetic data by a variety of linear transforms and the
Michaelis-Menton hyperbolic plot. Extraction of lipids from tissues – separation and estimation using thin layer
chromatography – Neutral lipids and phospholipids. Ion exchange chromatography system – (Demo only) Flow
cytometer – (Demo only) DHPLC (Demo only)
Semester - III
BMS
Hormones: Chemistry, biosynthesis,
secretion, metabolism and
physiological actions.
3
1
0
4
Dept. of Endocrinology
Structure, synthesis, regulation and metabolism of peptide and glycoprotien hormones, steroid and thyroid hormones,
catecholamines and indolamines.
BMS
Molecular Endocrinology
3
46
1
0
4
Dept. of Endocrinology
Genetic control of hormone synthesis and principles of hormone actions. Molecular aspects of synthesis and
regulation of peptide, thyroid and steroid hormones and biogenic amines. Genomic and nongenomic actions of steroid
and peptide hormones. Hormones and genes involved in sex differentiation, growth and development. Gene transfer
and knock out models, recombinant DNA technology based hormone production, gene silencing and gene therapy.
Gene manipulation studies in metabolic and reproductive endocrinology.
BMS
Endocrine pathology
3
1
0
4
Dept. of Endocrinology
Neuroendocrine disorders, hypo-and hyperthyroidism, Diabeties mellitus, Grave’s disease, congenital adrenal hypo –
and hyperplasia, osteoporosis, osteopetrosis, Cushing’s disease, polycystic ovarian disease, cryptorchidism, menstrual
disorders, infertility, hormone resistant syndrome and multiendocrine neoplasia.
BMS
Practical III
0
1
3
4
Dept. of Endocrinology
Surgical endocrine techniques, radioiodination of peptides, RIA, ELISA, RRA, Semen analysis, isolation and purification
of cells, cell culture, and gene expression analysis.
Hormonal regulation of selected gene expression
Semester - IV
BMS
Dissertation
0
0
12
12
Dept. of Endocrinology
Detailed Syllabus
Semester I
Credits
BMS
: BIOCHEMISTRY – I
4
Unit I
pH, acids, bases and buffers, Henderson – Hasselbach equation, osmotic pressure, Donnan membrane equilibrium,
surface tension, viscosity and their biological applications, Thermodynamics of biological systems, first, second and
third laws of thermodynamics, enthalpy, entropy, free energy change and high energy compounds.
Unit II
Carbohydrates - Classification of carbohydrates, structure and properties of biologically important monosaccharides
and disaccharides;
Structure and function of homoglycans like starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin and
heteropolysaccharides like glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins and bacterial cell wall polysaccharides.
Unit III
Aminoacids – Classification, structure and properties of aminoacids, biological derivatives of amino acids, peptide
bond, classification and properties of proteins (electrophoretic mobility, salting in and salting out), primary, secondary,
tertiary, quarternary structure of proteins and forces stabilizing them, Ramachandran Plot, Isolation, purification and
sequencing of proteins.
Unit IV
Lipids - Classification, structure and functions of lipids and lipoproteins, properties of fatty acids and fats. Vitamins Properties, functions as coenzymes and deficiency states of water and fat-soluble vitamins. Minerals and trace
elements.
Unit V
Nucleic acids - Structure of purine and pyrimidine bases, structure of DNA, tRNA and mRNA. Viscosity,
hyperchromic effect, melting point of DNA, Chemical and enzymatic methods of sequencing of nucleic acids.
Books Recommended
Berg JM, Tymoczko JL and Stryer L (2002) Biochemistry, (5 th edition),
W.H Freeman Publishers, New York, USA.
Bhagavan NV (2002) Medical Biochemistry, (4th edition), Academic Press, USA.
Bruce A, Johnson Alexander, Lewis Julian, Raff Martin, Roberts Keith, Walter Peter (2002) Molecular Biology of the
Cell, (4th edition), Garland Publishing, USA.
Devlin TM (2002) Text Book of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, (5 th edition), Wiley-Liss, New York, USA.
47
Garrett RH and Grisham CM (2001) Principles of Biochemistry With a Human Focus, (1 st edition), Harcourt College
Publishers, Orlando.
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM and Gutteridge J (1999) Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, Oxford University Press,
USA.
Lewin B (2004), Genes VIII, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA.
Lodish H, Berk A, Matsudaira P, Kaiser CA, Krieger M, Scott MP, Zipursky S, and Darnell J (2004) Molecular Cell
Biology, (5th edition), WH Freeman & Company, New York.
Metzler DE (2001) Biochemistry - The Chemical Reactions of Living Cells,
Vol. 1, (2nd edition), Harcourt College Publishers, Orlando.
Metzler DE (2002) Biochemistry - The Chemical Reactions of Living Cells,
Vol. 2, (2nd edition), Harcourt College Publishers, Orlando.
Nelson DL and Cox MM (2004), Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (4th edition) W.H Freeman Publishers, New York,
USA.
Robert K, Murray MD, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW and Murray RK (1999) Harper’s Biochemistry, (25 th edition),
McGraw-Hill Publishers, USA.
Voet D and Voet JG (2004) Biochemistry, Vol 1 and 2, (3rd edition), John Wiley & sons, New York, USA.
Zubay GL (1998) Biochemistry, (4th edition), Wm. Brown Publishers, Iowa, USA.
BMS : MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL
Credits
Unit I
4
Cell structure of archae and eubacteria, eukaryotes. Single cell to multicellular organisms, continuous and synchronous
cell culture, cell fractionation. Experimental models: E.coli, yeast, slime mold, C.elegans, Drosophila and Arabidopsis
thaliana.
Unit II
Molecular organization of cell: plasma membrane, lipid bilayer, membrane proteins, carbohydrates, transport of small
and macro molecules-ectocytosis, endocytosis, cytosol, ribosomes, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi,
lysosomes and protein sorting and transporting.
Unit III
Mitochondria-origin, evolution, structure, chemosmotic theory, electron transport chain, electrochemical protein gradient,
respiratory chain, redox potential; chloroplast: origin and evolution, structure, light absorption and conversion of CO 2 to
carbohydrate, carbon fixation, metabolic exchange by chloroplast membrane.
Unit IV
Nucleus, Nuclear envelope, cell cycle, cell growth and division, control of cell division, events in phases: G 1, S, G2, M.
Cytoskeleton and cell movement.
Unit V
Concept of oncogenes; neoplastic cell growth; tumour suppressor genes and their role in cell
cycle.
Books Recommended
Cooper GM (2000) The Cell: A Molecular Approach. (2 nd edition), ASM Press, Washington, USA
Bruce Alberts(1994) - Molecular Biology of the Cell (Bruce alberts, Dennis Bray, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts
and James D. Watson (1994) (5th edition),
Published by Garland Science, New York, USA.
Pollard TD and Earnshaw WC. (2002) Cell Biology, Saunders, Philadelphia, USA.
48
DeRobertis EDP and DeRobertis EMF Jr. (2004) Cell and Molecular Biology, 8th edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,
Philadelphia, USA.
The World of the cell (2003), Becker W, Kleinsmith and Hardin J 5 th edition, Benjamin Cummings. San Francisco, USA.
Lewin B (2004), Genes VIII, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA.
Lodish H, Berk A, Matsudaira P, Kaiser CA, Krieger M, Scott MP, Zipursky S, and Darnell J (2004) Molecular Cell
Biology, (5th edition), WH Freeman & Company, New York, USA.
49
Credits
BMS
- GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
4
Unit I
Introduction to Microbiology, Discovery of Microbes General biology of bacteria : Classification of bacteria Structure of
Bacteria and Function
Unit II
Microscopy I – Basic Principles of microscopy. Microscopy II Different types of bright field Microscopy III – Phase
contrast and Dark field. Microscopy IV – Fluorescence microscopy. Microscopy V : Electron microscopy
Unit III
Bacterial resistance to Physical and Chemical agents. Sterilization & Disinfection, types, evaluation, quality
control. Basic principals, types, techniques and mechanisms of different staining methods in bacteriology
Unit IV
Cultivation methods. Physiology of bacteria I – Growth. Physiology of bacteria II – Metabolism Physiology of bacteria III
– Nutrition, bacteriology of water, food, milk
Unit V
Antimicrobial agents. Mechanism of action of various antibiotics, their evaluation. Quality control
Books Recommended
Introduction to Microbiology – 2nd edn.2000, John L Ingraham & Catherine A Ingraham, Brooks/Cole, London
Microbiology – an Introduction – 7th edn. 2001, Tortora, Funke, Case
Microbiology - Principles and Exploration – 5th Edn. 2002, Jacquelyn G Black, John Wiley & Sons, New York
Biology of Microorganisms – 10th edn. 2003, Michael T Madigan (edn.) Prentice Hall, London
Microbiology : Lasing M Prescott, 5th edn. 2002. Wm C Brown Publishers Oxford, London
Microbiology Laboratory Manual 1st edn. 2003, Sundararaj A. Chennai – 600 096
General microbiology Robert F Boyd, 5 edn. 2002 St Louis, Times Mirror, Mosby college publishing
Microbiology – 2nd edn. 1998, Joklik (edn), Prentice Hall Inc, London
Fundamentals of Bacteriology – 5th edn 1986, AJ Salle, Tata McGraw Hill
Review of medical microbiology E Jawetz Ernest California, Lange Medical Publication, 2004
Topley and Wilson’s principles of bacteriology virology and immunity Edn. 7 V – 3c bacterial Diseases, Graham Wilson,
London Edward Arnold 2002
Microbiology 7th edn. 2002, Michael J Pelczar New Delhi, Tata McGraw – Hill Publishing Company Ltd.
Credits
PRACTICAL – I
4
Collection and preservation of biological samples.
Principles and uses of colorimetric techniques – Estimation of glucose and urea.
Principles and uses of spectrophotometric techniques – Estimation of proteins and nucleic acids.
Principles and uses of fluorimetric techniques – Assay of NAD / NADH or NADP/ NADPH, Epinephrine /
Norepinephrine.
Principles and uses of PAGE – LDH isoenzyme separation and identification, Serum protein separation and
identification.
Cell Counting; vital staining; cell culture; cryopreservation; cell division-different stages in mitotic and meiotic divisions (
alium sepa; grass hopper testis)-
50
Cell organelles separation and identification
Different staining and cultivation methods in Bacteriology
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry – Zinc and Copper estimation (Demo only)
Isoelectric focusing (Demo only)
Beta and gamma counters (Demo only)
Books Recommended
Farrel SO and Ranallo RT (2000) Experiments in Biochemistry – A Hands on Approach, Thomson Learning Inc., USA.
Sambrook J and Russell DW (2000) Molecular Cloning - A Laboratory
Manual, Vol.I, II and III, (3rd edition), Cold Spring Harbor, Laboratory Press, USA.
Sawhney SK and Singh R (1997) Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, Academic Press, New Delhi, India.
Wilson W (2003) Practical Biochemistry, Cambridge University Press, New York, USA.
Varley H (1997) Practical Clinical Biochemistry, Academic Press, New York, USA.
Caraine JA and Bell ETPT (1974) Hormone Assays and their Clinical Applications, Churchill and Livingstone, Edinburgh,
UK.
Chan DW and Perlstein MT (1987) Immunoassay – A Practical Guide, Academic Press, California, USA.
Chard T (1995) An Introduction to Radioimmunoassay and Related Techniques,
Elsevier Publications, USA.
Exbraeyat JM (2001) Genome Visualization by Classical Methods in Light Microscopy, C.R.C.Press, New York, USA..
Masters JRW and Bernhard P (1999) Human Cell Culture, Vol II, Cancer Cell Lines, Academic Publishers, Netherlands.
Price CP and Newman DJ (1996) Principles and Practice of Immunoassay,
(2nd edition), Stockton Press, USA.
Saxena BN (1987) A Handbook of Radioimmuno Assay, Indian Council of
Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
Thorell JL and Larson SM (1978) Radioimmuno Assay and Related
Techniques, C.V.Mosby, St Louis, USA.
Credits
Skill Based Courses
2
SEMESTER II
Credits
BMS
4
: PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
Unit I
Circulatory system : Blood – composition and functions of plasma, erythrocytes including Hb, leukocytes and
thrombocytes, plasma proteins in health and diseases. Blood coagulation – mechanism and regulation, Fibrinolysis,
transfer of blood gases.
Unit II
Respiratory system : Components of respiratory system (nasal cavity, trachea, pharynx, larynx, lungs, bronchi,
bronchioles and alveoli) and their functions. Diffusion of oxygen and CO 2; transport of oxygen; role of hemoglobin,
dissociation curve of oxyhemoglobin and its significance, Bohr’s effect; Transport of CO 2 and chloride shift. Various
buffer systems of the blood. Acid-base balance; factors affecting acid-base balance, acidosis and alkalosis, role of lung
and kidney in the regulation of acid-base balance.
Unit III
51
Digestive system : Composition, functions and regulation of saliva, gastric, pancreatic, intestinal and bile secretions –
digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, minerals and vitamins. Role of various
enzymes and hormones involved in these processes. Mechanism of HCl formation in stomach, role of bile salts in lipid
digestion and absorption.
Unit IV
Excretory system : Structure of nephron, formation of urine, glomerular filtration, tubular re-absorption of glucose,
water and electrolytes – tubular secretion.
Unit V
Nervous system : Organization of the system, nerve cells, nerve fibres, nerve impulses and neurotransmission,
synapses; Chemical and electrical synapses, functional properties of nerve fiber, action potential, reflex action and
reflex arc. Visual Auditory pathways.
Books Recommended
Keele CA, Neil E and Jacks N (2003) Samson Wright’s Applied Physiology (13 th edition), Oxford Medical Publications.
Ganong WF (2003) Review of Medical Physiology, (21st edition), Lange Medical Books / MC-Graw Hill Medical
Publishing division, USA.
Guyton AC and Hall JE (2000) Textbook of Medical Physiology (10 th edition), W.B. Saunders Company, USA.
Stuart Ira Fox (2004) Human Physiology, McGraw-Hill¸ USA.
Widmaier EP (2003) Human Physiology : The Mechanisms of Body Functions, McGraw-Hill College Publications, USA.
Credits
BMS
: MOLECULAR GENETICS
4
Unit I
Chromosomes and heredity - Molecular organization of chromosomes in viruses, bacteria /and eukaryotic organisms.
Linkage and recombination – crossing over. Repetitive sequences, Transposable elements - terminology &
transposition. Molecular structure of genes.
Unit II
Nature of genetic material – Nucleic acids: Structure and function of DNA, RNA – semiconservative replication
of DNA – Replication of circular DNA – Modes of replication – Fidelity of replication – Proof reading – DNA
repair, Genetic code.
Unit III
Microbial genetics – Methods of DNA uptake – Transformation – Transduction and conjugation in bacteria –
Phage genetics – Phage mutants – Gene recombination in phages – Fine structure mapping in Phage – T4 and
II locus.
Unit IV
Gene expression - Transcription - RNA processing - Messenger RNA – Translation – Ribosomes, Transfer RNA –
Mechanisms of protein synthesis- Regulation of gene expression – The Operon model
Unit V
Mutations, positional cloning (Chromosomal aberrations), human genetic disorders - Genes in population Hardy Weinberg (Law).
Books Recommended
Dale JW and Schantz MV (2002) From genes to genomes – Concepts and Applications of DNA Technology, John
Willey & Sons Ltd, England.
Lewin B (2004), Genes VIII, Pearson Prentice Hall, USA
52
Primrose SB Twyman RM and Old RW (2001) Principles of gene manipulation (6 th edition), Blackwell publishers, USA.
Strachan T and Reed AP (2004) Human Molecular Genetics, (3 rd edition), Garland Science, London.
Credits
BMS
: BIOCHEMISTRY – II
4
Unit I
Enzymes - Classification of enzymes, active site and mechanism of enzyme action, Derivation of MichaelisMenton equation, Determination of Km, bisubstrate reactions, types of inhibition, industrial use of enzymes,
designer enzymes, ribozymes, biosensors, immobilized enzymes.
Unit II
Carbohydrate metabolism - Glycolysis, TCA cycle, glycogenolysis, glycogenesis, interconversion of hexoses,
gluconeogenesis, significance of HMP shunt, blood glucose homeostasis, glycogen storage diseases, diabetes
mellitus, lactose intolerance and fructosuria.
Biological Oxidation - Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, free radicals and defense
mechanisms.
Unit III
Amino acids - Deamination, decarboxylation and transamination reactions of amino acids, Phenyl ketonuria,
homocystinuria, tyrosinemia, Parkinson’s disease, histidinemia, Hartnup’s disease and alkaptonemia. Urea cycle,
deficiency of urea cycle enzymes, glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids.
Unit IV
Lipid metabolism - Metabolism of fatty acids and cholesterol, bile acids and ketone bodies, lipoprotein
metabolism, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia.
Nucleic acids - de novo synthesis and degradation of purines and pyrimidines, salvage pathway, Lesch Nyhan
syndrome and hyperuricemia.
Unit V
The meaning of food – Food habits - The Nutrients, Nutrition and body weight – Determination – Food and Energy –
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) – Factors influencing BMR – Respiratory quotient – Food value of different commodities,
conventional and novel sources of food. Bacterial food poisoning and its prevention – Fermentation and fermented food
products. Mycotoxins, aflatoxin citrinin, patulin and mycotoxicosis.
Books Recommended
Berg JM, Tymoczko JL and Stryer L (2002) Biochemistry, (5th edition), Freeman & Company, New York, USA.
Bhagavan NV (2002) Medical Biochemistry, (4th edition), Academic Press, USA.
Bruce A, Johnson Alexander, Lewis Julian, Raff Martin, Roberts Keith, Walter Peter (2002) Molecular Biology of the
Cell, (4th edition), Garland Publishing, USA.
Devlin TM (2002) Text Book of Biochemistry with clinical correlations, (5 th edition), Wiley-Liss, New York, USA.
Garrett RH and Grisham CM (2001) Principles of Biochemistry With a Human Focus, (1 st edition), Brooks/Cole
Publishing of Thompson Learning, Pacific Grove, CA, USA.
Lewin B (2004), Genes VIII, Pearson Prentice Hall, Philadelphia, USA .
Lodish H, Berk A, Zipursky S, Matsudaira P, Baltimore D and Darnell JE (1999) Molecular Cell Biology, (5 th edition),
WH Freeman & Company, New York, USA.
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM and Gutteridge J (1999) Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, Oxford University Press,
USA..
Metzler DE (2001) Biochemistry - The Chemical Reactions of Living Cells, Vol. 1, (2nd edition), Academic Press, New
York, USA.
Metzler DE (2002) Biochemistry - The Chemical Reactions of Living Cells, Vol. 2, (2nd edition), Academic Press, New
York, USA.
Nelson DL and Cox MM (2004), Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (4th edition)
W.H Freeman Publishers, New York, USA.
53
Robert K, Murray MD, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW and Murray RK (1999)
edition), McGraw-Hill Publishers, USA.
Harper’s Biochemistry, (25 th
Voet D and Voet JG (2004) Biochemistry, Vol 1 and 2, (3rd edition), John Wiley & sons, New York, USA.
Zubay GL (1998) Biochemistry, (4th edition), Wm. Brown Publishers, Iowa, USA.
Credits
PRACTICAL – II
4
Unit III
Ultracentrifuge – Density Gradient centrifugation and isolation of subcellular fractionation of organelles from
liver cells and identification by use of marker enzymes.
Paper chromatography – Amino acids and carbohydrates, Purification of protein using ion exchange columns, gel
filtration, affinity chromatography.
Enzyme kinetics and purification – Alkaline phosphatase.
Writing a BASIC computer program to plot graphs of enzyme kinetic data by a variety of linear transforms and the
Michaelis-Menton hyperbolic plot.
Extraction of lipids from tissues – separation and estimation using thin layer chromatography – Neutral lipids and
phospholipids
Ion exchange chromatography system – (Demo only)
Flow cytometer – (Demo only), DHPLC (Demo only)
Books Recommended
Farrel SO and Ranallo RT (2000) Experiments in Biochemistry – A Hands on Approach, Thomson Learning Inc., USA.
Sambrook J and Russell DW (2000) Molecular Cloning - A Laboratory
Manual, Vol.I, II and III, (3rd edition), Cold Spring Harbor, Laboratory Press, USA.
Sawhney SK and Singh R (1997) Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, Academic Press, New Delhi, India.
Wilson W (2003) Practical Biochemistry, Cambridge University Press, New York, USA.
Varley H (1997) Practical Clinical Biochemistry, Academic Press, New York, USA.
Credits
Skill Based Course
2
SEMESTER III
Credits
4
BMS
: HORMONES - CHEMISTRY, BIOSYNTHESIS,
SECRETION, METABOLISM AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIONS
Unit I
Hypothalamic hormones (TRH, GnRH, CRH, GHRH, somatostatin) _ structure, synthesis, release and regulation.
Unit II
Peptide/protein (GH, prolactin, ACTH, insulin, glucagon, PTH, calcitonin and glycoprotein hormones (TSH, FSH, LH) –
structure, synthesis, release and regulation.
Steroid hormones (androgens, estrogens, progestin, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoid) – structure, synthesis, release,
regulation, transport and metabolism.
Unit IV
Thyroid hormones – structure, synthesis, release, regulation, transport and metabolism.
54
Unit V
Catecholamines and Indolamines – structure, synthesis, release, regulation, transport and metabolism.
Unit VI
Physiological actions of GH, thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids, insulin, glucagon, PTH and calcitonin.
Books Recommended
Becker KL (2001) Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lippincott- Williams and Wilkins,
Philadelphia, USA.
Braverman LE and Utiger RD (2000) Werner and Ingbar’s The Thyroid, A Fundamental and Clinical Text, (8 th edition),
Lippincott-Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA.
Conn PM and Goodman HM (1998) Hand Book of Physiology, The Endocrine System, Vol.1, Cellular Endocrinology,
Section 7, Oxford University Press, New York, USA..
DeGroot LJ and Jameson JL (2001) Endocrinology, Vol. I, II & III, (4 th edition), W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia,
USA.
Fray JC (1999) Hand Book of Physiology, The Endocrine System, Vol.III: Endocrine Regulation of Water & Electrolyte
Balance, Section 7, Oxford University Press, New York, USA.
Griffin JE and Ojeda SR (2000) Text Book of Endocrine Physiology, 4 th edition, Oxford University Press, USA.
Hoftman JF and Jamieson JD (1997) Hand Book of Physiology, Cell Physiology, Section 14, Oxford University Press,
New York, USA.
Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS (2003), Williams Text book of Endocrinology, (10 th edition),
W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, USA.
Knobil E and Neil JD (1994) The Physiology of Reproduction, Vol. I and II
(2nd edition), Raven Press, New York, USA.
Kostyo JL and Goodman HM (1999) Hand Book of Physiology, The Endocrine System, Vol.V, Section 7, Hormonal
Control of Growth, Oxford University Press, USA.
Mc Even B (2001) Hand Book of Physiology, Vol IV, Oxford University Press, New York. USA.
Semester III
Credits
BMS
: MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
4
Unit I
Introduction – Genetic control of hormone synthesis – Expression of a protein – encoding gene. Molecular
aspects of hormone secretion, principles of hormone action.
Unit II
Molecular aspects of the synthesis and regulation of peptide (GnRH, TRH, CRH, GHRH, FSH, LH, TSH, GH, PRL, ACTH,
PTH, Insulin & Glucagon).
Unit III
Molecular aspects of the synthesis and regulation of thyroid and steroid hormones and biogenic amines.
Unit IV
Steroid hormones – Receptor – Expression, distribution, regulation and interaction with DNA – Transcription of specific
mRNA – Post-transcription and post-translation effects, non-genomic actions.
Unit V
55
Peptide hormones – Cell surface receptors – Kinetics and regulation, internalization, desensitization,
autophosphorylation and regulation of gene expression, G-proteins – structure and role in signal transduction,
Effector system and second messengers, Protein kinases and cellular responses.
Unit VI
Functional characterization of hormones – Gene silencing – gene over expression – transgenic and knockout model.
Books Recommended
Baniahmad H (2002) Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol 202, Thyroid Hormone Receptors, Methods and Protocols,
Humana Press, USA.
Conn PM and Means AR (2000) Principles of Molecular Regulation, Humana Press, New Jersey, USA.
DeGroot LJ and Jameson JL (2001) Endocrinology, Vol. I, II & III, (4 th edition), W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia,
USA.
Freifelder D (1987) Molecular Biology(2nd edition), Jones and Barlett Publishers, Philadelphia, USA
Heldin C and Purton M (1996) Signal transduction, Chapman and Hall, London, UK.
Lewin B (2004), Genes VIII, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA
Radovick S and Mac Gillivray MH (2003) Pediatric Endocrinology, Humana Press, New Jersey, USA.
Rumsey R and Farrow M (2000) Molecular Endocrinology, Academic Press, New York, USA.
Baxter JD (2002) Genetics in Endocrinology, Lippincott- Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA.
Dale JW and Schantz MV (2002) From genes to genomes – Concepts and
Applications of DNA Technology, John Willey & Sons Ltd, England.
Freifelder D (1987) Molecular Biology(2nd edition), Jones and Barlett Publishers, Philadelphia, USA
Primrose SM, Twyman RM and Old RW (2001) Principles of Gene Manipulation, (6th edition), Blackwell Publications,
Victoria, Australia.
Radovick S and Mac Gillivray MH (2003) Developmental Endocrinology – From research to Clinical Practice, Humana
Press, San Diego, USA.
Shupnik MA (2000) Gene Engineering in Endocrinology, Humana Press, New Jersey, USA.
Strachan T and Reed AP (2004) Human Molecular Genetics, (3 rd edition),
Garland Science, London.
56
Credits
BMS
4
: ENDOCRINE PATHOLOGY
Unit I
Neuroendocrine disorders – Obesity; diabetes insipidus; pituitary tumors – pathology and diagnostic tools.
Unit II
Metabolic endocrine disorders – Hypo- and hyperthyroidism; diabetes mellitus (type II); bone metabolic diseases –
osteoporosis and osteopetrosis; congenital adrenal hyperplasia; cushing’s disease
Unit III
Autoimmune diseases; Principles - Graves disease; thyroiditis ; congenital adrenal hypoplasia; diabetes mellitus (type
I).
Unit IV
Reproductive disorders – polycystic ovarian disease; cryptorchidism; male and female sexual disorders and infertility;
menstrual disorders; pre- and postmenopausal syndromes.
Unit V
Molecular pathology – Hormone resistance syndrome (eg. Feminizing syndrome, Hypoparathyroidism, Dwarfism),
Multiendocrine neoplasia – molecular screening of endocrine disorders – medullary thyroid carcinoma, central
hypothyroidism; diabetes mellitus.
Books Recommended
Bilezikian JP, Raisz, LG and Rodan GA (2002) Principles of Bone Biology, Vol 1 and 2, (2 nd edition), Academic Press,
California, USA.
Coe FL and Favus MJ (2002) Disorders of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, (2 nd edition), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,
Philadelphia, USA.
DeGroot LJ and Jameson JL (2001) Endocrinology, Vol. I, II & III, (4 th edition), W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia,
USA.
Econs MJ (2002) The Genetics of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Disease, Humana Press, New Jersey, USA.
Ethier SP (2000) Endocrine Oncology, Humana Press, New Jersey, USA.
Gill RG, Harmon JT and Mac Laren NK (2002) Immunologically Mediated Endocrine Diseases, Williams & Wilkins,
Philadelphia, USA.
Greenspan FS and Gardner G (2003) Basic and Clinical Endocrinology, (7 th edition), Lange Medical Books, New York,
USA.
Henry HL and Norman AW (2003) Encyclopedia of Hormones, 3 Vol, Academic Press, New York, USA.
Jameson JL (1999) Hormone Resistance Syndrome, Humana & Press, New Jersey, USA.
Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS (2003), Williams Text book of Endocrinology, (10 th edition),
W.B. Saunder Company,
Philadelphia, USA.
Le Roith D, Tayler SI and Olafsky JM (2001) Diabetes Mellitus - A Fundamental and Clinical Text, (2nd edition),
Lippincott –Willimas & Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA.
Lloyd RV (1990) Endocrine Pathology, Springer Verlag, New York, USA.
Credits
BMS
4
: PRACTICAL III
Surgical endocrine techniques – Thyroidectomy, Gonadectomy, Adrenalectomy.
Radioiodination of peptide hormones – Radioimmunoassay and ELISA of steroid and peptide hormones –
Radioreceptor assay.
57
Semen analysis – Phases of estrus cycle – Isolation and purification of cells –
DNA isolation and purification, Gene expression studies – PCR and Real Time PCR techniques, Northern or Southern
and western blotting, Gel documentation.
Books Recommended
Brown TA and Brown TA (2001) Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis : An Introduction, (4 th edition), Blackwell Science Inc,
USA.
Glover DM and Hames D (1995) DNA Cloning : 2. Expression Analysis : A Practical Approach, (2nd edition), IRL Press,
USA.
Masters JRW and Bernhard P (1999) Human Cell Culture, Vol II, Cancer Cell Lines, Academic Publishers, Netherlands.
Ravid K and Freshney RI (1998) DNA Transfer to Cultured cells, A John Wiley and Sons Inc. Publications, USA.
Sambrook J, and Russell T (2000) Molecular Cloning - A Laboratory
Manual, Vol.I, II and III, (3rd edition), Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press, USA.
Spector DL, Goldman RD and Leinwand LA (1998) Cells – A Laboratory Manual, Vol 1, 2, and 3, Cold Spring
Harbour Laboratory Press, USA.
Credits
Skill Based Course
2
Credits
BMS

12
: DISSERTATION
Elective papers – Two papers in I, II & III semesters
18
(3 credits / paper)
Credits
Skill Based Course
2
Credits
Internship
2
Total Credits 88
(elective only)
BMS
1011
Molecular
and
Endocrinology
Cellular
L
2
T
0
P
1
C
3
M.Michael Aruldhas
N.Srinivasan
K.Balasubramanian
J.Arunakaran
B.Ravisankar
1) Pre-requirement : Nil
2) Course Objective
To provide theoretical background on the molecular aspects of hormone
Synthesis, secretion and action to those who intend to pursue research in this line
3) Syllabus : Chemistry, secretion, metabolism and action of peptide, thyroid,
steroid hormones and biogenic amines with reference to metabolic regulation and
gene expression. Molecular mechanism of regulation of synthesis and secretion
of hormones. Mechanism of action of steroid and peptide hormones. Practical
methodology of Radio Immuno assay (RIA) and Enzyme linked immuno absorbent
assay (ELISA).
BMS
1012
Reproductive
Endocrinology
L
T
P
58
C
M.Michael Aruldhas
N.Srinivasan
M.Sc.
CBCS
2
1)
2)
3)
0
1
3
K.Balasubramanian
J.Arunakaran
B.Ravisankar
Pre-requirement : Nil
Course objective:
To provide detailed information on hormones involved in reproductive
functions and to enlighten about the current developments in fertility
regulations.
Syllabus: Sex differentiation and development of mammalian gonads and accessory
sex organs, conception, and contraception and neuro endocrine perspectives of
mammalian reproduction; methods of evaluation of male and female reproductive
functions, semen analysis, hormone assays and induced ovulation.
M.Sc. (CBCS) Supportive
BMS
1013
Principles of
Endocrinology
L
2
T
0
P
0
C
2
M.Michael Aruldhas
N.Srinivasan
K.Balasubramanian
J.Arunakaran
B.Ravisankar
1) Pre-requirement : Nil
2)
Course objective : To provide theoretical knowledge on the chemistry synthesis, secretion. Metabolism and
function of hormones
3) Syllabus : Introduction to endocrine organs-secretions – hypothalamo-hypo
physeal axis – regulation of pituitary function- target organs-thyroid – adrenalgland-hormones & functions - Hormones of Islets of Langerhans and their functions
Gonadal functions and hormones involved in calcium homeostasis-Endocrine
diseases.
******
59
DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY
UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
2007-2008
1.
Name of the Course
:
Master of Science (M.S.) in Neuroscience under Faculty of Medicine
2.
Nature of the Course :
Inter Disciplinary under CBCS pattern with Semester System -2 years (4 semesters)
3.
Effect : With effect from 2007-2008 and thereafter
4. Course Content - M.S. Neuroscience (Faculty of Medicine)
SEM
I
Course
code
Title
Theory /
Practical
Core / Elective
Credits
Course faculty
BMS C601
Human Anatomy I
(upper limb, lower limb, abdomen,
pelvis and perineum)
Theory - Core
3
All faculties
BMS C602
Human Physiology I
Theory - Core
4
Dept. of
Physiology
Practical I
Human Anatomy I
Practical II
Human Physiology I
Elective*
Practical Core
Practical Core
Theory Elective
Theory Elective
2
All faculties
3
Dept. of
Physiology
BMS C603
BMS C604
E
E
Elective*
UOM S 001
Soft skill
Total
3
3
2
20
* Suggested Electives
BMS E001 – Principles of Biochemistry I (By: Dept of Bio Chem)
BMS E714 - Human Histology (By: Dept. of Anatomy)
SEM
II
Course
Code
Title
Theory /
Practical
Core / Elective
Theory - Core
BMS
C634
BMS
C635
BMS C606
Human Anatomy II
(Head and Neck and Thorax)
Neuroanatomy
Theory – Core
Human Physiology II
Theory - Core
BMS C607
Practical III Human Anatomy II
BMS C608
Practical - V Human Physiology II
E
Elective*
E
Elective**
UOM S 002
Soft skill
Practical Core
Practical Core
Theory Elective
Theory Elective
Total
* Suggested Electives
BMS E002
– Principles of Biochemistry II (By: Dept of Bio Chem)
BMS E
– Basic Pathology (By: Dept. of Pathology)
60
Credits
Course faculty
3
All faculties
3
4
All faculties &
Guest Faculty
Dept. of
Physiology
2
All faculties
3
Dept. of
Physiology
3
3
2
23
SEM
Course
code
BMS
C636
BMS C610
Title
Neuro Chemistry
Theory /
Practical
Core / Elective
Theory – Core
Neuro Physiology
Theory – Core
Credits
Course faculty
3
Guest faculty
3
BMS C611
BMS C612
Neuro pathology
Medical Imaging and Radiology
Theory – Core
Theory – Core
BMS C613
Practical V: Neuro Physiology
Practical –
Core
Theory –
Elective
Practical –
Elective
2
2
III
E
Elective*
E
Elective*
UOM S 003
UOM I 001
Soft skill
Internship
2
Dept. of
Physiology &
Guest faculty
Guest faculty
All faculties &
Guest faculty
Dept. of
Physiology
3
3
2
2
22
* Suggested Electives
BMS E706 - Research Methods in Neuroscience – 3 Credits Theory – By Dept. of Anatomy
BMS E707 - Practical IV: Research Methods in Neuroscience – 3 Credits Practical –
By Dept. of Anatomy
SEM
Course
Code
Theory /
Practical
Core / Elective
Theory – Core
BMS C614
Clinical Neurology
BMS C615
Clinical Neuro surgery,
Neurological Treatment and
Rehabilitation
Neuro Microbiology, Neuro
Virology, Neuro Immunology
Psycho Pharmacology
Theory – Core
Research Project
and Dissertation
Clinical Examination & Final Viva
Practical –
Core
Practical –
Core
BMS C616
IV
Title
BMS C617
BMS C637
BMS C619
UOM S
004
Theory – Core
Theory – Core
Soft skill
Credits
Course faculty
3
VHS
3
VHS
3
3
6
All faculties
3
VHS
2
23
Total Credits = 88
(Core – 60 + Elective -18 + Soft skill – 8 + Internship - 2)
61
Dept. of
Microbiology
Dept. of
Pharmacology
DETAILED SYLLABUS
SEMESTER I
BMS C601
Human Anatomy – I
2
1
0
3
Unit I
:
Introduction to Anatomy and Upper Limb
Anatomical position – terms used in anatomy – bones and joints of upper limb – muscle groups of upper limb –
arterial supply and venous drainage – lymphatic drainage - axilla – cubital fossa – carpel tunnel – brachial
plexus – nerves of upper limb
Unit II
:
Anatomy of Lower Limb
Bones and joints of lower limb – muscle groups – arterial supply – venous drainage – lymphatic drainage femoral triangle – popliteal fossa – sub-sortorial canal – anastamotic chain of thigh – arches of foot – layers of
sole
Unit III :
Anatomy of abdominal wall and abdominal viscera
Abdominal wall – peritoneal reflection and cavity – anatomy of abdominal organs: stomach, duodenum,
jejunum and Ileum, colon, liver, extrahepatic biliary apparatus, pancreas, spleen, kidney, ureter, supra-renal
gland
Unit IV :
Anatomy of pelvis and pelvic organs
Skeletal pelvis – divisions of pelvis – anatomy of pelvic and reproductive organs: bladder, uterus and fallopian
tube, ovary, seminal vesicle, prostate, rectum, anal canal
Unit V
:
Anatomy of Perineal Region
Divisions of perineal region – external genitalia of male and female – scrotum – testis – anal sphincters –
inguinal canal
List of Reference Books
1. Clinically oriented Anatomy, Moore, Keith, (Williams & Wilkins, 5th Edn.)1999.
2. Gray’s Anatomy for Students, Richard L. Drake, (Elsevier Churchill Livingstone) 2005.
3. Clinical Anatomy, Richard S.Snell, (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ) 2004.
4. Reference Books:
5. Grays Anatomy, Susan Standring, (Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 39th Edn.) 2005.
6. Surface Anatomy, John, S. Lumley, (Churchill Livingstone) 2002.
7. Mc,Minn’s color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Ahrahams, Peter H, ( Mosby ) 2003.
8. Hollinshead’s Functional Anatomy of limbs and Back, Jenkins David,B,( W.B. Saunders, 8th Edn.) 2002.
9. Viva Voce in Anatomy, Gangane, S.D. (Churchill Livingstone) 1999.
10. Viva in Anatomy, Yadav, A. (Jaypee Brother’s Medical Publishers) 1998.
11. Cunningham’s Text book of Anatomy, Romanse, G.J.( Oxford University Press. 12th Edn.)
12. Grant’s methods of Anatomy: A Clinical Problem solving approach. Basmajian, John, V. (Williams, & Wilkins,
10th Edn) 1989.
13. Anatomy regional and Applied, Last, R. J, (English Language Book Society) 1981.
14. Hollinshead’s Text book of Anatomy, Rosse, Cornelius, ( Lippincott 5th Edn.)1997.
15. Last Anatomy regional and applied, Sinnatamby, Chammys, (Churchill Livingstone) 2001.
16. Essential Anatomy dissector following grant’s method, Hansen, John,T. (Lippincott, Wiliams and Wilkins 5th Edn.)
2002.
17. Text book of Human Anatomy, Hamilton, W. .J , (Macmillan publishing , 2nd Edn )1982.
18. Segmental Anatomy, Wagner, Marvin, (Williams and Wilkins) 1982.
****
BMS C602
Human Physiology – I
3
1
0
4
Faculty, Dept. of Physiology
For detailed syllabus and references please refer the Department of Physiology’s detailed syllabus
****
62
BMS C603
Practical I : Human Anatomy I
0
0
2
2
Anatomy cadever demonstration - spotter identification – viva voce from upper limb, lower limb, abdomen,
pelvis and perineal regions of human cadaevar.
****
Practical II: Human
0 0 3 3
Physiology – I
For detailed syllabus and references please refer the Department of Physiology’s detailed syllabus
****
BMS C604
SEMESTER II
BMS C634
Human Anatomy – II
2
1
0
3
Unit I
:
Neck Region
Muscle groups of neck region – cervical vertebrae – branches of carotid arteries – jugular veins – triangles of
neck – mid line structures of neck: trachea, oesophagus, thyroid, parathyroid, larynx
Unit II
:
Thorax region
Thoracic vertebrae – ribs – sternum – thoracic cage – diaphragm – pleura – lungs – heart – thymus – thoracic
duct – azygos system of veins - mediastinum
Unit III :
Head region
Skull – norma, cranial fossae – facial muscles – muscles of mastigation – oral cavity & tongue – tonsils –
pharynx – nasal cavity – eye ball – extraocular muscles – ear – salivary glands – paranasal sinuses
List of Reference Books
1. Clinically oriented Anatomy, Moore, Keith, (Williams & Wilkins, 5th Edn.)1999.
2. Gray’s Anatomy for Students, Richard L. Drake, (Elsevier Churchill Livingstone) 2005.
3. Reference Books:
4. Grays Anatomy, Susan Standring, (Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 39th Edn.) 2005.
5. Surface Anatomy, John, S. Lumley, (Churchill Livingstone) 2002.
6. Mc,Minn’s color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Ahrahams, Peter H, ( Mosby ) 2003.
7. Hollinshead’s Functional Anatomy of limbs and Back, Jenkins David,B,( W.B. Saunders, 8th Edn.) 2002.
8. Viva Voce in Anatomy, Gangane, S.D. (Churchill Livingstone) 1999.
9. Viva in Anatomy, Yadav, A. (Jaypee Brother’s Medical Publishers) 1998.
10. Cunningham’s Text book of Anatomy, Romanse, G.J.( Oxford University Press. 12th Edn.)
11. Grant’s methods of Anatomy: A Clinical Problem solving approach. Basmajian, John, V. (Williams, & Wilkins,
10th Edn) 1989.
12. Anatomy regional and Applied, Last, R. J, (English Language Book Society) 1981.
13. Hollinshead’s Text book of Anatomy, Rosse, Cornelius, ( Lippincott 5th Edn.)1997.
14. Last Anatomy regional and applied, Sinnatamby, Chammys, (Churchill Livingstone) 2001.
15. Essential Anatomy dissector following grant’s method, Hansen, John,T. (Lippincott, Wiliams and Wilkins 5th Edn.)
2002.
16. Text book of Human Anatomy, Hamilton, W. .J , (Macmillan publishing , 2nd Edn )1982.
17. Segmental Anatomy, Wagner, Marvin, (Williams and Wilkins) 1982.
63
BMS C635
Neuroanatomy
2
1
0
3
All faculty
Unit I: Cranial cavity and CNS
Meninges – dural venous sinuses – cerebral cortex: structure, divisions, functional regions and connections –
cerebellum: structure, divisions, functional regions and connections – Thalamus – hypothalamus – limbic
system – mid brain – nuclei of mid brain – medulla – spinal cord
Unit II: PNS and ANS
Spinal nerve formation – spinal nerve plexuses – cranial nerves – sympathetic chain – sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
through various cranial and spinal nerves – autonomic nerve plexuses and their functions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Clinical Anatomy, Richard S.Snell, (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ) 2004.
Clinically oriented Anatomy, Moore, Keith, (Williams & Wilkins, 5th Edn.)1999.
Gray’s Anatomy for Students, Richard L. Drake, (Elsevier Churchill Livingstone) 2005.
Reference Books:
Grays Anatomy, Susan Standring, (Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 39th Edn.) 2005.
****
BMS C606
Human Physiology - II
3
1
0
4
Faculty Dept. of Physiology
For detailed syllabus and references please refer the Department of Physiology’s detailed syllabus
****
BMS C607
Practical - III Human Anatomy- II 0 0 2 2
Anatomy cadaver demonstration - spotter identification – viva voce from head, neck and thoracic regions of
human cadaver and from brain and spinal cord
****
BMS C608
Practical IV: Human
Physiology – II
0
0
3
3
Faculty Dept. of Physiology
For detailed syllabus and references please refer the Department of Physiology’s detailed syllabus
****
SEMESTER III
BMS C636
Neuro Chemistry
2
1
0
3
Dr. Kalaiselvi
Dept of Medical
Biochemistry
Unit I
Cellular Neurochemistry - i) Energy metabolism/glycolysis ii) Lipids of CNS iii) Carbohydrates, proteins , aminoacids
Neural processing and behaviour - i) Endocrine effects on brain ii) Learning , memory and behaviour
Development and differentiation - i) Biochemistry of CNS development ii) Biochemistry of ageing and age related
disorders.
Unit II
Applied Neurochemistry - Inherited and Neurodegenerative diseases
i) Disorders and carbohydrate , lipids and mitochondria metabolism
ii) Disorders of muscle
iii) Disorders of aminoacid metabolism
iv) Disorders of basal ganglia v) Biochemistry of dementia.
Unit III
Neuropshychiatric disorder
i) Neurochemistry of schizophrenia ii) Biochemistry of mood and anxiety disorder
iii) Neurochemical aspects of drug of abuse
Neuroimmunology
Immune system and brain; Immunopathological mechanism operative in brain disease.
64
Unit IV
Clinical Biochemistry--Automated analysis, Blood profile, CSF profile,
Neurochemistry
- Protein estimation , electrophoresis
binding , Fluorescence ELISA , RIA , Enzymes.
HPLC
exposure
,
radio
ligand
References
Basic Neurochemistry, George,.J. Siegel, (Lippincot Williams and Wilkins, Wilkins 6th Edn. ). 1999.
****
BMS C 610
Neuro physiology
2
1
0
3
Dept. of Physiology, PGIBMS &
NIMHANS, Bangalore
Unit I
Neurobiology of sensation and sensory processing; mechanism of movements and it regulations; neurobiology of
emotion; motivation; leaning and memory and neural substrate of different states of conciousness.
Unit II
Trophic factors, extra cellular matrix components in nervous system development. Neuron-Glia interactions in
development. Cellular neurophysiology - synapses and neuronal signaling.
Unit III
An over view of the neurobiology of sensation and sensory processing. Principal mechanisms of movement and its
central control. Neurobiology of emotion and motivation.
Unit IV
Neural substrates regulating the states of consciousness.
Neurobiology of learning and memory.
Unit V
Neuro physiological basis of psychiatric disorder.
Neuro physiological basis of neurological disorders.
****
BMS C611
Neuro Pathology
1
1
0
2
Dr. Sarasabarathi
Arumugam- Guest
faculty
Unit I
Organisation of the nervous system macroscopic and histological features
Fine structural features of the nervous system
Unit II
Cytogenesis of brain cells
Blood Brain Barrier - structural and functional aspects
Morphological histochemical and ultrastructural aspects of skeletal muscle
Unit III
Peripheral nerves - structure, development and diseases
Dystrophinopathies and congenital myopathies
Unit IV
Regeneration of the nervous system
Neuropathology of infections of nervous system - Tissue reaction
Neuropathology of ischemia - evolution of lesions
Unit V
Neuro-Oncology - Cellular and molecular aspects
Neurodegeneration
BMS C612
Medical Imaging and Radiology
1
****
1
65
0
2
Guest Faculty
Unit I
Principles of medical imaging and radiology: x-rays, angiograms, contrast x-rays, MRI, CT, ultrasound, echocardiogram
Unit II
Practical demonstration of performing various imaging techniques
Unit III
Medical Imaging and Radiology of limbs and thorax: features of normal study, signs of pathology in limbs and thoracic
organs through medical imaging techniques mentioned above.
Unit IV
Medical Imaging and Radiology of abdomen and pelvis: features of normal study, signs of pathology in various
abdominal and pelvic organs through medical imaging techniques mentioned above.
Unit V
Medical Imaging and Radiology of head, brain and spinal cord: features of normal study, signs of pathology in head,
brain and spinal cord through medical imaging techniques mentioned above.
****
BMS C613
Practical VI
Neuro Physiology
0
0
2
2
Dept of Physiology, PGIBMS &
NIMHANS, Bangalore
Unit I
1.Demonstration of different structures of human brain.
2.Demonstration of nerve action potential.
3.Demonstration of primary neuronal culture technique.
Unit II
4.Stereotaxic technique to demonstrate the effect of lesioning and
stimulation of various brain regions.
Unit III
5.Polysomnographic recording to study sleep wakefulness cycle.
6.In vivo and in vitro recording of single and multi unit activity.
Unit IV
7.Demonstration of EEG, EMG and Evoked Potentials will be carried out in collaboration with th Department of
Neurology.
Unit V
8.Demonstration of motor skills learning and memory in experimental animals
66
SEMESTER IV
BMS C614
Faculty members:
Clinical neurology -
2
1
0
3
T.S. Srinivasan Center
for Clinical
Neurosciences
VHS Medical centre
Prof. K. Krishnamoorthy Srinivas : Chairman & Honorary Visiting Professor
Dr.E. S. Krishnamoorthy Head of Research and Consultant in Behavioural Neuroscience &
Honorary Visiting Professor
Unit I.
Essentials of Clinical Neurology
Symptoms in neurological disease
The Neural examination
Common diagnostic tests in Clinical neurology
Special diagnostic approaches & their appropriate use
Clinical case presentation & discussion
Unit II
Neurological Disorders manifesting in childhood
Disorders due to birth injury and impaired neurodevelopment
Genetic diseases of the central nervous system
Mitochondrial and Neurocutaneous syndrome
Disorders of nerve and muscle in childhood
Other hereditary disorders
Unit III
Clinical Neurological syndrome ( Including clinical case presentation)
Stroke
Headache & other pain syndromes
Epilepsy
Movement disorders
Infections
Demyelinating disorders
Unit IV
Disorders of nerve & Muscle in adults
Neurobehavioral syndromes
Autonomic Nervous system syndromes.
Environmental, occupational, Iatrogenic & system neurological disorders.
Alcohol & Drug dependence
Iatrogenic neurological disease
Unit V
Occupational & Environmental neurology
Endocrinal and metabolic neurology
Systemic neurological syndromes and the interface between general medicine and
****
67
neurology
BMS C615
Clinical
Neuro
surgery,
Neurological treatment and
Rehabilitation.
2
1
0
3
T.S. Srinivasan Center
for Clinical
Neurosciences
VHS Medical centre
Unit I
Clinical neurosurgery
Essentials of Neurosurgery
Trauma - Diagnosis and management
Tumours - Diagnosis and Management
Common neurosurgical procedures
Novel Neurosurgical therapies
clinical case presentation
Unit II
Neurological treatment and Rehabilitation (50 hours)
The principles of neurological and neurosurgical treatment.
Prescribing for neurosurgical illness.
Unit III
The treatment of medical & psychiatric co - morbolity
The six friendly men of neurosurgery : who, what, why, when , where & how?
Understanding and evaluating disablement in neurological disorders
Unit IV
Physical therapy
Occupational therapy
Speech therapy
Unit V
Cognitive & neurobehavioral rehabilitation
Psychological therapies for neurological diseases
An evidence based approach to the patient with a neurological illness.
Neurological & Neuro surgical Research : Principle and Practice ( 10 Hours).
Books for reference:
Neurological in clinical practice - volumes 1&2 Eds, Bradley et al
Principles of Neurology - Adams & Victor
Textbook of Neurosurgery - Ramamurthi
Neurological Rehabilitation - ed. Greenwood
Essential Reading:
Neurology & Neurosurgery Illustrated - Lindsay, Bone & Carpenter
Merrit's Neurology handbook - Ma zzoni & Rowland
Lecture notes & Reference papers
68
BMS C616
Neuro Microbiology,
Neuro Virology and
Neuro Immunology
2
****
1
0
3
Dr.P.Rajendran
Dr. Thangam Menon
Unit I
1.Principles of general Microbiology.
2. Microbes and man.
3. Host-Microbe relationship.
4. Infectious diseases.
5. Laboratory Diagnosis of Infections: its realities and myths.
6. Principles of neuro microbiology
Unit II
7. Blood barrier and CNS infections.
8. Pathogenesis of CNS microbial infections.
9. Laboratory diagnosis of CNS infections.
10. Neuro tuberculosis and Neuro cysticercosis.
11. Antibiotics and Microbes.
12. Prevention, control and public health aspects of CNS infections.
Unit III
1. Preparation of culture media, stains etc.
2. Isolation of bacteria, mycobacteria and funji.
3. Biochemical characterization and antibiogram.
4. Immunological diagnosis of infectious diseases.
5. Serological assays.
6. Use of PCR in the diagnosis of Infections.
Unit IV Neurovirology
1. Viral infections of CNS
2. Viral Neurotropism
3. Pathogenesis of viral infection of CNS.
4. Lab diagnosis of viral infections of CNS.
5. Prevention and control of viral infections of CNS.
6. HIV and the nervous system Prions.
7. Japanese encephalitis Rabies.
Unit V Neuroimmunology
1. Fundamentals of neuroimmunology
2. Viral Immopathology in CNS
3. Psychoneuro immunology
4. Immunology : Basic techniques - Elisa, IFA, Western Blot, Virus Neutralization.
5. Cell Culture: Growth and maintenance of cell culture, storage and revival of cell lines,
lymphocyte cultures
6. Virology: Virus growth and titration animal inoculations.
BMS C617
Psycho Pharmacology
2
1
0
3
Guest Faculty
Unit I: Mechanism of action of important drugs used to treat Psychiatric and Neurological disorders ,
Unit II: Pharmacokinetics and adverse drug reactions.
Unit III: Animal models of amnesia, learning and recall
Unit IV: Animal models of anxiety and depression
Unit V: Animal models for the assessment of functioning of neuroreceptor
BMS C637
Research
Project
Dissertation
BMS C619
Clinical Examination
and
Final Viva
and
0
0
6
6
All Faculty
2
1
0
3
T.S. Srinivasan Center for Clinical
Neurosciences
VHS Medical centre
69
Name of the Degree
:
M.Sc (Medical Microbiology)
Faculty
:
Medicine
Duration
:
Three Years
Pattern
:
CBCS
Total Number of Credits
:
131
Details of the papers to
be offered (credits)
:
Core
: 90
Elective
: 27
Soft skill and Internship: 14
Total strength
:
Eligibility
:
Year
Semester
Core
I
I
16
II
II
III
13
18
II
IV
V
12
12
VI
19
10
B.Sc (Microbiology, Zoology, Botany, Biotechnology,
Biology, Medical lab technology, )
Practical
Intern
Elective
2
Total
Subtotal
3
Soft
skill
2
21
39
3
6
2
2
18
26
43
3
6
2
2
17
20
49
6
2
29
G
total
131
First year
Core code
BMS C301
BMS C302
BMS C303
BMS C308
BMS C305
BMS
Semester I
Title
Human anatomy I
Human anatomy II *
Human physiologyI*
Practical I (anatomy)*
Practical II (Physiology)*
Elective 1 *
Soft skill
L
3
3
4
T
P
3
3
Total
Core code
BMS C306
BMS C307
BMS C308
BMS C309
BMS 1072
Semester II
Title
Human Anatomy III*
Human physiology II*
Practical III (Human AnatomyII)*
Practical IV (Physiology II)*
Elective 2*
L
3
4
2
T
P
1
1
3
Soft skill
Credit
3
3
4
3
3
3
2
21
Credit
3
4
3
3
3
2
18
Total

Other departments
Second year
70
Core code
BMS C310
BMS C311
BMS C312
BMS C313
BMS 314
BMS 315
BMS
BMS
SOFT SKILL
Total
Semester III
Title
General Microbiology
Molecular Microbiology
Practical V
Practical VI
Practical VII
Practical VIII
Elective 3
Elective 4
L
2
2
P
3
3
3
3
Semester IV
Title
Parasitology
Medical Mycology
Practical IX
Practical X
Elective 5 *
Core code
BMS C316
BMS C317
BMS C318
BMS C319
BMS
SOFT SKILL
Total
T
1
1
2
2
1
1
L
2
2
T
1
1
P
3
3
Credit
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
26
Credit
3
3
3
3
3
2
17
Third Year
Core code
BMS C320
BMS C321
BMS C322
BMS
BMS
SOFT SKILL
Total
Core code
BMS C323
BMS C324
BMS C325
BMS C326
BMS C327
BMS
BMS
SOFT SKILL
INTERNSHIP
Total
Semester V
Title
Systematic bacteriology
Practical XI
Practical XII
Elective 6
Elective 7 *
L
3
Semester VI
Title
Virology I
Virology II
Practical XIII
Practical XIV
Project with Dissertation
Elective 8
Elective 9
L
3
2
T
1
1
1
P
T
1
1
P
3
3
3
3
Credit Distribution
Core Subjects - 90
Electives
- 27
Soft Skill
- 12
Internship
- 02
------Total
131
-------
71
Credit
4
4
4
3
3
2
20
Credit
4
3
3
3
6
3
3
2
2
29
YEAR -II
III SEMESTER
Code
BMS C310
Course
General
Microbiology
L
2
T
1
P
Credit
3
Faculty
Dr.P.Rajendran
BMS C310
General Microbiology I Theory ( Core 3 Credits)
Unit I : Introduction to Microbiology, Discovery of Microbes
General biology of bacteria: Classification of bacteria
Structure of Bacteria and Function
Unit II : Microscopy I- Basic Principles of microscopy. Microscopy II Different types of bright field Microscopy III Phase contrast and Dark field. Microscopy IV - Fluorescence microscopy. Microscopy V: Electron microscopy
Unit III : Bacterial resistance to Physical and Chemical agents. Sterilization & Disinfection, types, evaluation, quality
control. Basic principles, types, techniques and mechanisms of different staining methods in bacteriology
Unit IV: Cultivation methods. Physiology of bacteria I –Growth. Physiology of bacteria II -Metabolism Physiology of bacteria III –
Nutrition, bacteriology of water, food, milk
Unit V: Antimicrobial agents. Mechanisms of action of various antibiotics, their evaluation. Quality control
Books
1) Introduction to Microbiology –2nd edn.2000, John L Ingraham & Catherine A Ingraham, Brooks/Cole, London
2) Microbiology - an Introduction –7th edn. 2001, Tortora, Funke, Case
3) Microbiology –Principles and Explorations – 5th Edn.2002
Jacquelyn G Black, John Wiley & Sons, New York
4) Biology of Microorganisms –10th edn. 2003
Michael T Madigan (edn.) Prentice Hall, London
5) Microbiology: Lansing M Prescott,5th edn. 2002. Wm C Brown Publishers Oxford, London
6) Microbiology Laboratory Manual 1st edn: 2003
Sundararaj .A. Chennai 600096
7) General microbiology Robert F Boyd, 5 edn. 2002 St Louis, Times Mirror, Mosby college publishing
9) Microbiology – 2nd edn 1998, Daniel Linn, WCB McGraw-Hill
10) Zinsser Microbiology – 19th edn 1988, Joklik (edn.), Prentice Hall Inc, London
11) Fundamentals of Bacteriology – 5th edn 1986
AJ Salle, Tata McGraw Hill
12) Review of medical microbiology E Jawetz Ernest California, Lange Medical
Publication, 2004
13) Topley and Wilson's principles of bacteriology virology and immunity Edn.7 V - 3c Bacterial Diseases, Graham
Wilson, London Edward Arnold 2002.
14) Microbiology 7th edn.2002, Michael J Pelczar New Delhi, Tata McGraw - Hill Publishing Company Ltd
Code
BMS
C311
Course
Molecular
Microbiology
L
2
T
1
P
72
Credit
3
Faculty
Dr.Thangam Menon
BMS C311
Molecular Microbiology II Theory ( Core 3 Credits)
Unit I : Structure of Prokaryotic DNA and replication, Enzymes involved in replication and its control. Metabolic
regulation – Operon concept, Lactose, Tryptophan operons and their control, Mutations, types and agents
Unit II : Bacterial genetics: Organization, alterations and expression of nucleic acids of bacteria. Bacterial variations,
metabolic regulations, genetic transfers, genetic manipulations,
Unit III : Different techniques of Amplification (nucleic acids and signal), Hybridizations (Southern, Northern, Western),
Restriction enzymes, Gene cloning and their role in vaccine developments and development of diagnostic tests.
Unit IV: Bacteriophages: Phage genetics, phage conversions and their use in bacterial conversion. Plasmids / cosmids
Unit V : Gene transfer in bacteria, ( Transformation, conjugation, transductions, transfection,), Transposable elements
Books:
1) Cellular and Molecular Immunology- 5th Edn 2003
Abul K Abbas, Andrew H Lichtman, Saunders, New York
2) Molecular biotechnology, BR Glick and JJ Pasternak, 2 edn.1998.ASM press
Washington.D.C
3) Manual of Clinical Microbiology 8th edn. PR Murray,Volms 1,2, 2003, ASM Press, Washinton, D.C.
4) Molecular biology and genetic engineering ,1st Edn.2005,P.K Gupta, Rastogi Publications, Meerut, India.
5) Molecular cloning, Sambrook, J, Third edition, 2001,Cold Spring Harbor New York
6) Microbiology Laboratory Manual 1st edn: 2003, Sundararaj .A. Chennai 600096.
7) Molecular Cloning Vol I , II& III Sambrook and Russell 3 Edn.2001, New York
8) Molecular Biology, 3 Edn, 2003, David Freifelder, Narosa Publishing house, New Delhi
9) Microbial genetics, Freifelder,D.,4th edn. 2002, Narosa Publishing house, New Delhi
Code
BMS C312
Course
Practical V
L
T
P
3
Credit
3
Faculty
Dr.Padma Krishnan
BMS-C312 Practical V General Microbiology (Core 2 Credits)
Microscopy, Staining, Sterilization and washing of glassware
Preparation of culture media, Cultivation of bacteria, Total and viable counts
Tests for identification of bacteria, Demonstration of bacterial enzymes
Antibiotic sensitivity tests, Bacteriological analysis of food water and milk
Code
BMS C313
Course
Practical VI
L
T
P
3
Credit
3
Faculty
Dr. Thangam Menon
BMS –C313 Practical VI Molecular Microbiology (Core 3 Credits)
Gel electrophoresis- serum , antigens, others. Isolation of plasmids, Transformation experiments, Separation and
analytical techniques (chromatography)
Preparation and standardization of bacterial suspensions for immunizations Eg : Salmonella, Vibrio etc
BMS –C314 Practical VII Basic Immunology (Core 3 Credits)
Preparation and titration of immune sera ex: Anti sheep cell antibodies / antisera against bovine serum, Peripheral
blood T cell enumeration
Test for immediate and delayed hypersensitivities in animals
BMS –C315 Practical VIII Animal experiments (Core 3 Credits)
Raising immune sera, Pyrogen testing of parenteral solution
Virulence and toxigenicity tests Eg: Tetanus toxin, Cholera toxin
Bleeding different animals for various experiments
Animal autopsy for evidence of pathogenicity
Books for the above practical
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Introduction to Microbiology –2nd Edn 2000
John L Ingraham & Catherine A Ingraham,(Edr) Brooks/Cole
Microbiology – 5th Edn 2002
Prescott, Harley, Klein McGraw Hill
Microbiology –Principles and Explorations – 5th Edn 2002
Jacquelyn G Black, John Wiley & Sons, New York
Microbiology - an Introduction –7th Edn 2001
Tortora, Funke, Case, Addison Wesley Longman Inc.
Microbiology – 2nd Edn 1998, Daniel Linn, WCB McGraw-Hill
Brock Biology of Microorganisms –10th Edn 2003
Michael T Madigan (Edn.), Prentice Hall
Molecular Cloning Vol I , II& III Sambrook and Russell 3 Edn. 2003
73
8.
Practical Medical Microbiology
Mackie & McCartney
9. Laboratory Animals Some Basic Concepts and experiments
Rajendran .P , 2000
10. Microbiology Laboratory Manual 1st edn: 2003
Sundararaj .T. Chennai 600096.
11. Handbook of experimental immunology Fourth Edition, 1986.DM Weir Volm 4 Blackwell Scientific
Publications,London
12. The laboratory Mouse selection and management. ML Simo and J.O Brick.1 st Edn.1970, Prentice-Hall, Inc,
Englewood cliffs, New Jersey
13. Methods in Immunology and Immunochemistry CA Williams, MW Chase, Volm 1,1967, Academic Press New
York and London
14. Roitt’s Essential Immunology – 10th Edn 2001
Ivan M Roitt, Blackwell Scientific, London
15. Essentials of Clinical Immunology –3rd Edn 1993
Helen Chapel, Mansel Haeney (Ed.) Blackwell Scientific, London
16. Cellular and Molecular Immunology- 5th Edn 2003
Abul K Abbas, Andrew H Lichtman, Saunders
17. Immunology, Immunopathology and Immunity –6th Edn 2001
Stewart Sell, ASM, Washinton.D.C
18. Immunology of Infectious Diseases –2002
Stefan HE Kaufmann (Edn.), ASM Press, washinton.D.C
19. Immunology –6th Edn 2001, Roitt, Brostoff, Male. Mosby
20. Kuby Immunology –4th Edn 2000, Richard A Golsby (Edn.)
WH Freeman & Co
21. Immunology for Life Scientists –2nd Edn 2003, Lesley Jane Eales, Wiley, New York
22. Bailey and Scott's diagnostic microbiology. Forbe ,Betty A. London, Mosby. 2002
23. Microbiology: a laboratory manual. Cappuccino, James. Harlow,Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. 1999
24. Manual of clinical microbiology 2Vols. Murray,Patrick R. Baron. Jorgensen. Pfaller. Yolken, Robert H.
Washington, ASM Press. 2003
25. Manual of commercial methods in clinical microbiology. Truant, Allan L. USA, ASM Press. 2002.
IV SEMESTER
BMS-C316
Medical Parasitology (Core 3 Credits)
Includes the study of life cycle, pathogenesis, pathology, laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment, prevention
etc of the following:
Unit I Introduction to host parasite relationship
Aerobic, Anareobic, Pathogenic & Non Pathogenic Amoebae (E.histolytica)
Flagellates, ciliates, Haemoflagellates –I - Leishmania
Haemoflagellates –II- Trypanosomes
Unit II : Sporozoites- Plasmodium and others, Toxoplasma
Parasites associated with AIDS
Unit III : Cestodes infecting man, (Taenia, Echinococcus, Multiceps, Hymenolepis, Dipilidium, and others, Trematodes
infecting man, (Schistosomes, Gastrodiscoides, Fasciola, Clonorchis, Opiarhoexhia, Hetwrophyes, Metagonimus,
Paragonimus)
Unit IV: Nematodes infecting man (ascaris, Ancylostoma, Necator, Strongyloides, Trichinella, Capillaria, Enterobius,
Trichiuris, All filarial worms
Unit V: Immunology of parasitic infections, Vaccine Strategies for Parasitic diseases
Books:
1. Manson’s Tropical Diseases –20th Edn 1996, Cook GC (Edn.), WB Saunders
2. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology –5th Edn 2001, Peters W, Pasvol.Wolfe.
3. Basic Laboratory Methods in Medical Parasitology –1991, World Health
Organization, WHO Geneva
4. Atlas of Medical Helminthology and Protozoology – 4th Edn 2000
Chiodini PL (Edn.), Churchill Livingstone, London
5. Parasitology –1980, Chatterjee, K.D., 12 Edn. Chatterjee Medical Publishers, Calcutta
6. Medical Parasitology,2 edn.Walter Beck, J.E.Davies, 1976,C.V Mosby Company, Saint Louis
7. Manual of clinical microbiology 2Vols. Murray, Patrick R. Baron. Jorgensen. Pfaller. Yolken, Robert H.
Washington,ASM Press. 2003
8. Bailey and Scott's diagnostic microbiology. Betty A Forbes. 2002. Baltimore, Mosby.
9. Microbiology: a laboratory manual. Cappuccino, James. Harlow, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. 1999
74
10.Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases,1988, Volume 1, A.Ballows et al, Springer-Vertlag, New York.
BMS-C 317
Medical Mycology Theory ( Core 3 Credits)
Includes the study of general and growth characteristics , pathogenesis, pathology, laboratory diagnosis,
epidemiology, treatment, prevention etc of the following:
Unit I : Mycology Classification, Lab methods
Etiopathogenesis, epidemiology and lab diagnosis of the following: Piedra, M.fur fur, exophiala, Dermatophytes-other
superficial fungal infections
Unit II : Subcutaneous mycosis-I Chromoblastomycosis
Subcutaneous mycosis-II mycetoma
Subcutaneous mycosis-III rhinosporidiosis and others
Actinomycosis and actinomycetoma
Unit III :Deep mycosis- I (Histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis,
Deep mycosis – II(paracoccidioidomycosis, Blastomycosis ect)
Candidiasis and cryptococcosis
Unit IV : Opportunistic mycosis
Unit V: Immunology of fungal infections
Books:
1) Medical Mycology -1st edn. 1992, Kwon-Chung KJ, Bennett JE, Lea & Febiger,
New york
2) Fungal infection : Diagnosis and Management - 1993
Richardson MD, Warnock DW, Blackwell Scientific, London
3) Fungal infection in the compromised patient – 2nd Edn 1991
Warnock DW, Richardson MD, Wiley, New york
4) Medical Mycology: A practical approach –1989
Evans EGV, Richardson MD (Edn.), Oxford University Press
5) Principles and Practice of Clinical Mycology –1996
Kibbler CC. (Edn.) Wiley, New York
6) Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 8 th edn. Volume 2, PR Murray et al, 2003,
ASM Press, Washinton,D.C.
7. Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases,4th edn. 1988, Volume 1, A.Ballows et
al, Springer-Vertlag, New York.
BMS-C318
Practical IX Parasitology & Helminthology (Core 3 Credits)
Microscopic examination of stool specimens for ova and parasites and determination of size by micrometry, Concentration
techniques. Determination of Worm burden, Determination of Malarial filarial Parasites in blood, Special Staining techniques for
Sporozoan parasites in Stool (AIDS),Cultivation of parasitesand their examinations
BMS-C319 Practical X Medical Mycology ( Core 3 Credits)
Collection of specimens for fungal identification
Isolation and identification of common pathogenic fungi, Dermatophytes, Eumycotic agent, Actinomycotic agent,
Fermentation and assimilation tests for yeasts
Slide culture technique, Study of common laboratory contaminants
Books:
1) Manson’s Tropical Diseases –20th Edn 1996, Cook GC (Edn.), WB Saunders
2) Tropical Medicine and Parasitology –5th Edn 2001, Peters W, Pasvol., Wolfe.
3) Basic Laboratory Methods in Medical Parasitology –1991
World Health Organization, WHO, Geneva
4) Atlas of Medical Helminthology and Protozoology – 4th Edn 2000
Chiodini PL (Edn.), Churchill Livingstone, London
5) Medical Parasitology –1974, Chatterjee, Calcutta
6 ) Medical Mycology -1992, Kwon-Chung KJ, Bennett JE, Lea & Febiger, New york
7) Fungal infection : Diagnosis and Management - 1993
Richardson MD, Warnock DW, Blackwell Scientific
8) Fungal infection in the compromised patient – 2nd Edn 1991
Warnock DW, Richardson MD, Wiley, New York
9) Medical Mycology: A practical approach –1989
Evans EGV, Richardson MD (Edn.), Oxford University Press
10) Principles and Practice of Clinical Mycology –1996
Kibbler CC. (Edn.), Wiley New York
11) Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 8 th edn. Volume 2, PR Murray et al, 2003, ASM Press, Washinton,D.C.
12) Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases,1988, Volume 1, A.Ballows et al, Springer- Vertlag, New York.
YEAR -III
75
V SEMESTER
BMS-C320 Systematic Bacteriology ( Core 4 Credits)
General characteristics, pathogenicity, pathology, infections caused, laboratory diagnosis and prevention of the
following:
Unit I : Staphylococcus, Streptococcus ,
Other Gram Positive Cocci ( both aerobic & anerobic)
Neisseria and Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium – I M.tuberculosis
Mycobacterium – II MOTT Bacilli, M.leprae
Unit II : Salmonella , E.coli, Shigella, Neo enteric pathogens
Pseudomonads, Other enterobacteriaceae, (kleb, proteus etc),
Vibrios, Halophilic vibrios, Aeromonas, Non fermentors
Unit III : Emerging pathogens, Brucella, Yersinia pestis
Haemophilus, Bordetella, Bacillus, Clostridium,
Unit IV: Spirochetes General features, Borrelia, Treponema, Leptospira and others Nonsporing anaerobes,
Unit V:
Mycoplasma and Miscellaneous organisms
Rickettsiae, Ehrlichiae, Chlamydiae
Books:
1. Review of Medical Microbiology, 2004, Jawetz and Melnick, Lange , New York
2. Notes on Medical Microbiology and Immunology 3rd edn. -2002, Morag C Timbury (Edn.), Churchill
Livingstone, London
3. Medical Microbiology – 16th Edn 2002, David Greenwood, Richard Slack, John F Peutherer (Edn.)Churchill
Livingstone, London
4. Essential of Diagnostic Microbiology 3rd edn.– 1999, Lisa Anne Shimeld, Delmar, Mosby, London
5. Bailey and Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology –11th Edn 2002,
Betty A Forbes (Edn.), Mosby, London,
6. Mackie and McCartney: Practical Medical Microbiology –14th edn 1996, JG Collee (Edn.), Churchill
Livingstone, London
7. Sherris Medical Microbiology –4th edn 2004, Kenneth J Ryan, C. George Ray, McGraw Hill.
8. Medical Microbiology-2nd edn 1994, Patrick R Murray (edn.), Mosby
9. Medical Microbiology –2nd edn 1998, Mims, Playfair, Roitt (edn.), Mosby
10. Manual of Clinical Microbiology (Vol.1&2)– 8th edn, Patrick R Murray (edn.), ASM Press, Washinton,D.C.
BMS-C321 Practical XI Systematic Bacteriology ( Core 4 Credits)
Pure culture study of pathogenic bacteria and their isolation and identification from clinical specimens –
Salmonella, E.coli, Shigella, Other enterobacteriaceae, (kleb, proteus etc) Pseudomonads, Vibrios
BMS-C322 Practical XII Clinical Bacteriology ( Core 4 Credits)
Study of pathogenic bacteria and their isolation and identification from clinical specimens – Staphylococcus,
Streptococcus, Neisseria and Corynebacterium, M.tuberculosis enterobacteriaceae
Text Books
1. Review of Medical Microbiology, 2002
Jawetz and Melnick, Lange, New York,
2. Notes on Medical Microbiology and Immunology -2002
Morag C Timbury (edn.), Churchill Livingstone, London
3. Medical Microbiology – 16th edn 2002
David Greenwood, Richard Slack, John F Peutherer (edn.), Churchill
Livingstone,London
4. Essential of Diagnostic Microbiology – 1999
Lisa Anne Shimeld, Delmar(edn) , New York.
5. Bailey and Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology –11th edn 2002
Betty A Forbes (edn.), Mosby, London
6. Mackie and McCartney: Practical Medical Microbiology –14th edn 1996
JG Collee (Edn.), Churchill Livingstone
7. Sherris Medical Microbiology –4th edn 2004
Kenneth J Ryan, C. George Ray, McGraw Hill, London
8. Medical Microbiology-2nd edn 1994
Patrick R Murray (Edn.), Mosby, London
9. Medical Microbiology –2nd edn 1998
Mims, Playfair, Roitt (Edn.), Mosby, London
10. Manual of Clinical Microbiology (Vol.1&2)– 8th edn
Patrick R Murray (Edn.), ASM Press., Washinton,D.C.
11. Microbiology Laboratory Manual 1st edn: 2003
76
Sundararaj .T. Chennai 600096.
VI SEMESTER
BMS-C323 Virology I Theory ( Core 4 Credits)
Unit I Viruses structure and composition, DNA viruses, RNA viruses, Viral replication
Unit II Cultivation of viruses (cell cultures, animals, eggs), Virus cell interactions, CPE, inclusion bodies, Viral assays,
Unit III Viral genetics, various types of mutants and their importance / General Characteristics & Non human Viruses
Unit IV Pathogenesis,pathology, clinical manifestations,and lab diagnosis of: Adeno virus, Herpes virus,
Unit V Pox virus, Papova Virus, Hepadna Virus, Parvo virus
Books
Text Books
1) Virology – 3rd edn 1996, Fields DN (edn.), Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia
2) Principles of Virology – 2nd Edn 2004, SJ Flint edn, ASM Press, washinton,D.C
3) Clinical Virology – 2nd Edn 2002, Douglas D Richman (edn.), ASM Press, Washinton D.C
4) Essentials of Diagnostic Virology 3rd edn, 2000, Gregory A Storch, Churchill Livingstone, London
5.) Manual of Clinical Microbiology (Vol.1&2)– 8th edn, Patrick R Murray (edn.), ASM Press., Washinton,D.C.
6) Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases, 1988, Volume 1, A.Ballows et al, Springer- Vertlag, New York
BMS –C324 Virology II Theory ( Core 3 Credits)
Unit I Picorna virus, Ortho and Paramyxo viruses, Arbo viruses – Alpha, Flavi and Bunya viruses
Unit II Toga viruses and Hepaciviruses, Arenaviruses and Filoviruses, Reoviruses, Retroviruses
Unit III Calciviruses and Astroviruses, Coronaviruses,
Unit IV Rabdoviruses, Prion Diseases
Unit V New Emerging Viral infections, Immunology of viral infections
Books
Text Books
1) Virology – 3rd Edn 1996, Fields DN (Edn.), Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia
2) Principles of Virology – 2nd Edn 2004, SJ Flint Edn, ASM Press,Washinton D.C
3) Clinical Virology – 2nd Edn 2002, Douglas D Richman (Edn.), ASM Press, Washinton D.C.
4) Essentials of Diagnostic Virology – 2000, Gregory A Storch, Churchill Livingstone
5) Manual of Clinical Microbiology (Vol.1&2)– 8th Edn,
Patrick R Murray (Edn.), ASM Press., Washinton,D.C.
6) Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases,1988, Volume 1, A.Ballows et al, Springer- Vertlag, New York
BMS-C325 Practical XIII Virology ( Core 3 Credits)
Chick embryo inoculation techniques
Tissue culture techniques
Plaque Assay
Preparation of Media for Vertebrate Cell culture
Staining of Cell lines
Giemsa Staining
Observation of Different types of CPE’s
Storage of cell lines in liquid Nitrogen.
Inclusion bodies staining
Serological tests for diagnosis of viral infections
Viral Haemagglutination test
ELISA (bioelisa HbsAg)
Bacteriophage - Assay
Books
1) Virology – 3rd Edn 1996, Fields DN (Edn.), Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia
2) Principles of Virology – 2nd Edn 2004, SJ Flint Edn, ASM Press,Washinton D.C
3) Clinical Virology – 2nd Edn 2002, Douglas D Richman (Edn.), ASM Press, Washinton D.C.
4) Essentials of Diagnostic Virology – 2000, Gregory A Storch, Churchill Livingstone
5) Manual of Clinical Microbiology (Vol.1&2)– 8th Edn,
Patrick R Murray (Edn.), ASM Press., Washinton,D.C.
6) Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases,1988, Volume 1, A.Ballows et al, Springer- Vertlag, New York
BMS-C326 Practical XIV Applied Immunology (Core 3 Credits)
Agglutination tests- slide and tube tests
Precipitation tests
Serological tests for diagnosis for microbial infections – Widal, VDRL, Brucella, Paul Bunnell, Rose Waller, Latex
agglutination, ELISA,
77
Complement and amboceptor titration
Text Books (for the above practicals)
1) Essentials of Diagnostic Virology – 2000, Gregory A Storch, Churchill
Livingstone, London
2) Immunobiology –5th edn, 2001, Charles A Janeway (edn.), Churchill
livingstone,London
3) Roitt’s Essential Immunology – 10th edn 2003, Ivan M Roitt, Blackwell Scientific
4) Essentials of Clinical Immunology –3rd edn 1993, Helen Chapel, Mansel Haeney
(Edn.), Blackwell Scientific, London
5) Cellular and Molecular Immunology- 5th edn 2003
Abul K Abbas, Andrew H Lichtman, Saunders
6) Immunology, Immunopathology and Immunity –6th edn 2001
Stewart Sell, ASM, Washinton,D.C
7) Immunology of Infectious Diseases –2002, Stefan HE Kaufmann (edn.), ASM
Press, Washinton D.C
8) Immunology –6th edn 2001, Roitt, Brostoff, Male., Mosby
9) Kuby Immunology –4th edn 2000, Richard A Golsby (Edn.), WH Freeman & Co
10) Immunology for Life Scientists –2nd edn 2003, Lesley Jane Eales, Wiley
11)Manual of Clinical Microbiology (Vol.1&2)– 8th edn,2003, Patrick R Murray (edn.), ASM Press., Washinton,D.C.
BMS – C327 Project with Dissertation (6 credits)
To plan and design statistically, retrieve relevant literature, organized and conduct, process the data, photograph
relevant observations, evaluate by statistical programmes, present the project in any regional/national
conference/seminar during the third year of the course and submit for final semester examinations. The work has to be
conducted in the department under the guidance of the project supervisor. Interdisciplinary collaborations from
external departments/institutions can be organized only for certain essential areas of the project. The project will be
evaluated based on CBCS norms. The project should be submitted at least 15 days prior to evaluation and will be sent to
the members for them to read.
78
Electives offered in the department of Microbiology
1.Basic immunology (Elective3 )
2.Handling and use of laboratory animals (elective 4 )
3.Clinical bacteriology(elective 6)
4.Applied immunology(elective 8)
5.Molecular diagnostic methods (elective 9)
BMS--------Elective3 ( Department of Microbiology)
Basic Immunology Theory ( Elective 3 Credits)
Unit I : Introduction to immunology, Organs and cells of the immune sysem,
Unit II: Antigen, Hapten, Antigen processing and presentation ,
Unit III : Antibody structure, production, purification, function, Theories of antibody production.
Unit IV: Antigen – antibody interactions- Agglutination, Precipitation
Neutralization and Labeled antibody techniques ( immunofluorescence, ELISA, RIA etc)
Unit V: Interleukins, Complement, c’ deficiency and CFT
Books
1) Roitt’s Essential Immunology – 10th Edn 2001
Ivan M Roitt, Blackwell Scientific, London
2) Essentials of Clinical Immunology –3rd Edn 1993
Helen Chapel, Mansel Haeney (Edn.)
Blackwell Scientific, London
3) Cellular and Molecular Immunology- 5th Edn 2003
Abul K Abbas, Andrew H Lichtman, Saunders
4) Immunology, Immunopathology and Immunity –6th Edn 2001
Stewart Sell, ASM, washinton D.C
5) Immunology of Infectious Diseases –2002
Stefan HE Kaufmann (Edn.)
ASM Press, Washinton D.C
6) Immunology –6th Edn 2001
Roitt, Brostoff, Male. Mosby, London
7) Kuby Immunology –4th Edn 2000
Richard A Golsby (Edn.), WH Freeman & Co
8) Immunology for Life Scientists –2nd Edn 2003
Lesley Jane Eales, Wiley
9) Immunobiology –5th Edn, 2001
Charles A Janeway (Edn.)
Churchill livingstone, london
BMS-------- Elective4 (Department of Microbiology, PGIBMS)
Handling & use of Laboratory Animals (Elective 3 credits)
Unit I: Animal house and the equipments, Feeding and breeding methods,Gnotobiotic, Germ free animals,
Unit II. Handling of animals, Common diseases of the different species of laboratory animals like mice, rats, rabbits,
guinea pigs, monkeys.
Unit III: germ free animals, Gnotobiotic animals, gene knock out animals, transgenic animals
Unit IV: Microbiological animal experiments , LD-50 determination
Unit V: Various use of different Lab, animals, post mortam examination and disposal of used animals
.Books:
1) Laboratory Animals Some Basic Concepts and experiments
Rajendran .P
2) Microbiology Laboratory Manual 1st edn: 2003
Sundararaj .A. Chennai 600096.
3) Handbook of experimental immunology Fourth Edition, 1986.DM Weir Volm 4 Blackwell Scientific
Publications
79
4)
5)
The laboratory Mouse selection and management. ML Simo and J.O Brick.1970, Prentice-Hall, Inc, Englewood
cliffs, New Jersey
Methods in Immunology and Immunochemistry CA Williams, MW Chase, Volm 1,1967, Academic Press New
York and London
BMS-------- E Clinical Bacteriology Theory ( Elective6)( 3 Credits)
Unit I : Collection Storage & Transport of Clinical Specimen
Infection of the Urinary Tract
Bacterial infection
Salmonella, E.coli, Pseudomonads, Klebsialla, Proteus , Staphylococcus
Streptococcus, Others
Infection of the Central Nerves System
Bacterial infection
Neisseria, Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Listeria, Spirochetes
Others
Viral infection
Enteroviruses, Mumps, Herpes simplex viruses, Vericella zoster
Arbo viruses, Others
Fungal infection
Cryptococcus neoformans
Parasitic infection
Acanthamoea naegleria, Toxoplasma gondii, Cysticercosis
Others
Unit II
Infection of the Gastro Intestinal Tract
Bacterial Infection
Salmonella, E.coli, Shigella, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Clostridium
Vibrios, Campylobacter, others
Viral infection
Rotaviruses, Astro viruses, Caliciviruses
Parasitic infection
Protozoan infections, Cryptosporidium, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia
Metazoan infection
Unit III
Infection of the Genito Urinary Tract
Bacterial Infection
Neisseria, Treponema palladium, Ureaplasma
Parasitic infection
Trichomonas
Viral infection
HSV, HIV
Infections of Skin
Bacterial Infection
Treponema pallidum, streptococcus, Staphylococcus and others
Fungal infection
Dermatophytes
Infections of Eye
Bacterial Infection
Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Nonhemolytic Streptococcus
Moraxella,anaerobic organisms
Viral infection
HSV
Unit IV
Infections of Respiratory Tract
Bacterial Infection
Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Mycobacteria, Neisseria, Mycoplasma
Corynebacterium, Haemophilus, Chlamydiae, Bordetella, Others
Fungal infection
Candida, Histoplasma, Blastomyces, others, Pneumocystis
Viral infection
Adeno, Corona, Coxsackie, , HSV, Influenza, Myxo viruses
Rhinoviruses, others
Unit V
Zoonotic Infections
Bacterial zoonosis
Bacillus, Brucella, Chlamydia, Coxiella, Francisella, Leptospira, Rickettsia
80
Salmonella, Yersinia, others
Fungal zoonosis
Epidermophyton, Microsporum, Trichophyton
Parasitic zoonosis
Plasmodium, Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma other metazoan parasites
Viral zoonosis
Arboviruses, Influenza, Rhabdoviruses , others
Food borne infections, food poisoning
Water borne infections
Air borne infections
Text Books
1) Review of Medical Microbiology
Jawetz and Melnick, Lange
2) Notes on Medical Microbiology and Immunology -2002
Morag C Timbury (Edn.), Churchill Livingstone
26. Medical Microbiology – 16th Edn 2002
David Greenwood, Richard Slack, John F Peutherer (Edn.)
Churchill Livingstone
27. Essential of Diagnostic Microbiology – 1999
Lisa Anne Shimeld, Delmar
28. Bailey and Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology –11th Edn 2002
Betty A Forbes (Edn.), Mosby
29. Mackie and McCartney: Practical Medical Microbiology –14th edn 1996
JG Collee (Edn.), Churchill Livingstone
30. Sherris Medical Microbiology –4th Edn 2004
Kenneth J Ryan, C. George Ray, McGraw Hill
31. Medical Microbiology-2nd Edn 1994
Patrick R Murray (Edn.), Mosby
32. Medical Microbiology –2nd Edn 1998
Mims, Playfair, Roitt (Edn.), Mosby
33. Manual of Clinical Microbiology (Vol.1&2)– 8th Edn
Patrick R Murray (Edn.), ASM Press., washinton D.C
BMS--------E
Applied immunology Theory ( Elective8) ( 3 Credits)
Unit I Hybridoma technology, Hypersensitivity I and II, Hypersensitivity III and IV
Unit II Autoimmunity, Immunodeficiency
Unit III Immunogenetics, IR genes, Regulation of immune Response
Unit IV Tumor immunology, MHC and Transplantation
Unit V. Vaccines, Immunizing agents, preparation, standardization, Vaccine strategy
Books:
1 Immunobiology –5th Edn, 2001
Charles A Janeway (Edn.), Churchill livingstone
2.Roitt’s Essential Immunology – 10th Edn 2001
Ivan M Roitt, Blackwell Scientific
3.Essentials of Clinical Immunology –3rd Edn 1993
Helen Chapel, Mansel Haeney (Edn.), Blackwell Scientific
4.Cellular and Molecular Immunology- 5th Edn 2003
Abul K Abbas, Andrew H Lichtman, Saunders
5. Immunology, Immunopathology and Immunity –6th Edn 2001
Stewart Sell, ASM
6. Immunology of Infectious Diseases –2002
Stefan HE Kaufmann (Edn.), ASM Press
7.Immunology –6th Edn 2001
Roitt, Brostoff, Male., Mosby
8. Kuby Immunology –4th Edn 2000, Richard A Golsby (Edn.), WH Freeman & Co
9. Immunology for Life Scientists –2nd Edn 2003
Lesley Jane Eales, Wiley
BMS--------E Molecular Diagnostic techniques (Elective9)( 3 credits)
Unit I Electrophoretic technique, Ultracentrifugation
Unit II Gene amplification, Hybridization
Unit III Chromatographic technique
81
Unit IV Restriction Analysis, Finger Printing
Unit V Molecular epidemiology , DNA sequencing
Books:
1. Molecular biotechnology, BR Glick and JJ Pasternak, 2 edn.1998.ASM press Washington.
2. Manual of Clinical Microbiology 8th edn. PR Murray,Volms 1,2, 2003, ASM Press, Washinton, D.C.
3. Molecular biology and genetic engineering , P.K Gupta,Rastogi Publications, 2005, Meerut India.
4. Molecular cloning, Sambrook,j 2001, Third edition, Cold Spring Harbor New York
82
DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY
UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
1.
Name of the Course
:
Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Faculty of Medicine
2.
Nature of the Course :
Inter Disciplinary under CBCS pattern with Semester System
3.
Revision Number and Effect :
With effect from 2007-2008 and thereafter
4.
SEM
I
Course Content - M.Sc. Anatomy (Faculty of Medicine)
Course
Code
BMS
C 739
BMS
C 740
BMS
C702
BMS
C 741
BMS
C704
Theory / Practical
Core / Elective
Credits
Theory - Core
3
Theory –Core
3
Human Physiology I
Theory - Core
4
Practical I : Human Anatomy I
Practical - Core
3
Practical - Core
3
Theory - Elective
3
Theory - Elective
3
Title
Human Anatomy I
(upper limb, lower limb)
Human Anatomy II
(abdomen, pelvis and perineum)
Practical II
Human Physiology I
Elective*
Elective*
UOM
S 001
Soft skill
Total
BMS E001 – Principles of Biochemistry I - By: Dept of Bio Chem.
BMS E702 - Human Histology - By: Dept. of Anatomy
* Suggested Electives:
SEM
II
Course
Code
BMS
C 742
BMS
C 743
BMS
C706
BMS
C 744
BMS
C708
UOM
S 002
2
24
Title
Theory / Practical
Core / Elective
Credits
Human Anatomy III
(Head and Neck & Thorax)
Theory - Core
3
Neuro Anatomy- I
TheoryCore
3
Human Physiology II
Theory - Core
4
Practical III: Human Anatomy II
Practical - Core
3
Practical – IV Human Physiology II
Practical - Core
3
Elective*
Elective*
Theory - Elective
Theory - Elective
3
3
Soft Skill
2
Total
* Suggested Electives: BMS E002 – Principles of Biochemistry I (By: Dept of Bio Chem)
83
24
SEM
Course
Code
Theory / Practical
Title
Core / Elective
Credits
BMS C709
Human Physiology III
Theory – Core
4
BMS C710
Medical imaging and Radiology
Theory – Core
2
Elective*
Theory Elective
3
Elective*
Practical Elective
3
Elective*
Theory Elective
3
Elective*
Practical Elective
3
III
UOM
S 003
Soft skill
2
20
* Suggested Elective Courses :
BMS E703 - Research Methods in Neuroscience - By: Dept. of Anatomy
BMS E705 - Practical : Research Methods in Neuroscience - By: Dept. of Anatomy
BMS E706 - Research Methods in Anatomy - By: Dept. of Anatomy
BMS E707 - Practical: Research Methods in Anatomy - By: Dept. of Anatomy
SEM
IV
Course
code
BMS
C711
BMS C712
BMS C713
BMS C714
Title
Advanced Research Methods in Anatomy
Animal Experimentation
Practical: Advanced Research Methods in Anatomy
Practical : Animal Experimentation
Elective*
UOM
S 004
Soft skill
Theory / Practical
Core / Elective
Theory
Core
Theory Core
Practical Core
Practical Core
Theory
Elective
Credits
4
4
3
4
3
2
20

Suggested Elective Courses :
BMS E402 – Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology – By: Dept. of Endocrinology
BMS E505 – Neurotoxicology – By: Dept. of Pharm. & Env. Toxicology
BMS E301 – Basic Immunology – By: Dept. of Microbiology
BMS E304 – Applied Immunology – By: Dept. of Microbiology
84
SEM
V
Course
code
BMS
C715
BMS
C745
BMS
C717
BMS
C718
BMS C719
UOM
S 005
UOM
I 001
Title
Gross Anatomy – I
Neuro Anatomy – II
Human Histology – General and Systemic
Human Embryology – General and Systemic
Project Research Work and Dissertation
Soft skill
Theory / Practical
Core / Elective
Credits
Theory Core
3
Theory Core
3
Theory Core
3
Theory Core
3
Practical Core
6
2
Internship
2
22
SEM
VI
Course
Code
BMS
C720
BMS
C746
BMS C722
BMS C723
BMS
C747
BMS C725
UOM
S 006
Title
Theory / Practical
Core / Elective
Credits
Gross Anatomy – II
Theory Core
3
Neuro Anatomy – III
Theory Core
3
Histopathology
Surgical Anatomy & Operative Surgery
Theory Core
Theory Core
3
3
Anatomy Practical –Spotters and General Viva Voce
Practical Core
3
Anatomy Practical – Human Cadaver Dissection
Practical Core
4
Soft skill
2
21
Credits Distribution:
Core Subjects
Electives
Soft skill
Internship
-
Total
90
27
12
02
---------------131
-----------------
85
15.
DETAILED SYLLABUS
SEMESTER I
BMS C739
Human Anatomy - I
2
1
0
3
Unit I
:
Introduction to Anatomy and Upper Limb
Anatomical position – terms used in anatomy – bones and joints of upper limb – muscle groups of upper limb –
arterial supply and venous drainage – lymphatic drainage - axilla – cubital fossa – carpel tunnel – brachial
plexus – nerves of upper limb
Unit II
:
Anatomy of Lower Limb
Bones and joints of lower limb – muscle groups – arterial supply – venous drainage – lymphatic drainage femoral triangle – popliteal fossa – sub-sortorial canal – anastamotic chain of thigh – arches of foot – layers of
sole
List of Reference Books
1. Clinically oriented Anatomy, Moore, Keith, (Williams & Wilkins, 5 th Edn.)1999.
2. Gray’s Anatomy for Students, Richard L. Drake, (Elsevier Churchill Livingstone) 2005.
3. Clinical Anatomy, Richard S.Snell, (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ) 2004.
4. Reference Books:
5. Grays Anatomy, Susan Standring, (Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 39 th Edn.) 2005.
6. Surface Anatomy, John, S. Lumley, (Churchill Livingstone) 2002.
7. Mc,Minn’s color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Ahrahams, Peter H, ( Mosby ) 2003.
8. Hollinshead’s Functional Anatomy of limbs and Back, Jenkins David,B,( W.B. Saunders, 8 th Edn.) 2002.
9. Viva Voce in Anatomy, Gangane, S.D. (Churchill Livingstone) 1999.
10. Viva in Anatomy, Yadav, A. (Jaypee Brother’s Medical Publishers) 1998.
11. Cunningham’s Text book of Anatomy, Romanse, G.J.( Oxford University Press. 12th Edn.)
12. Grant’s methods of Anatomy: A Clinical Problem solving approach. Basmajian, John, V. (Williams, & Wilkins,
10th Edn) 1989.
13. Anatomy regional and Applied, Last, R. J, (English Language Book Society) 1981.
14. Hollinshead’s Text book of Anatomy, Rosse, Cornelius, ( Lippincott 5th Edn.)1997.
15. Last Anatomy regional and applied, Sinnatamby, Chammys, (Churchill Livingstone) 2001.
16. Essential Anatomy dissector following grant’s method, Hansen, John,T. (Lippincott, Wiliams and Wilkins 5 th Edn.)
2002.
17. Text book of Human Anatomy, Hamilton, W. .J , (Macmillan publishing , 2 nd Edn )1982.
18. Segmental Anatomy, Wagner, Marvin, (Williams and Wilkins) 1982.
BMS
C 740
Human Anatomy -II
2
1
****
0
3
Unit I
:
Anatomy of abdominal wall and abdominal viscera
Abdominal wall – peritoneal reflection and cavity – anatomy of abdominal organs: stomach, duodenum,
jejunum and Ileum, colon, liver, extrahepatic biliary apparatus, pancreas, spleen, kidney, ureter, supra-renal
gland
86
Unit II :
Anatomy of pelvis and pelvic organs
Skeletal pelvis – divisions of pelvis – anatomy of pelvic and reproductive organs: bladder, uterus and fallopian
tube, ovary, seminal vesicle, prostate, rectum, anal canal
Unit III: Anatomy of Perineal Region
Divisions of perineal region – external genitalia of male and female – scrotum – testis – anal sphincters –
inguinal canal
BMS C702
Human Physiology – I
3
1
0
4
Faculty, Dept. of Physiology
For detailed syllabus and references please refer the Department of Physiology’s detailed syllabus
****
BMS C741
Practical I : Human Anatomy I
0 0 2 3
& II
Anatomy cadever demonstration - spotter identification – viva voce from upper limb, lower limb, abdomen,
pelvis and perineal regions of human cadaver.
****
BMS C704
Practical II: Human Physiology – I
0
0
3
3
For detailed syllabus and references please refer the Department of Physiology’s detailed syllabus
****
SEMESTER II
BMS C742
Human Anatomy –III
2
1
0
3
Unit I:
Neck Region
Muscle groups of neck region – cervical vertebrae – branches of carotid arteries – jugular veins – triangles of
neck – mid line structures of neck: trachea, oesophagus, thyroid, parathyroid, larynx
Unit II :
Thorax region
Thoracic vertebrae – ribs – sternum – thoracic cage – diaphragm – pleura – lungs – heart – thymus – thoracic
duct – azygos system of veins - mediastinum
Unit III: Head region
Skull – norma, cranial fossae – facial muscles – muscles of mastigation – oral cavity & tongue – tonsils –
pharynx – nasal cavity – eye ball – extraocular muscles – ear – salivary glands – paranasal sinuses.
List of Reference Books
1. Clinically oriented Anatomy, Moore, Keith, (Williams & Wilkins, 5th Edn.)1999.
2. Gray’s Anatomy for Students, Richard L. Drake, (Elsevier Churchill Livingstone) 2005.
3. Clinical Anatomy, Richard S.Snell, (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ) 2004.
4. Reference Books:
5. Grays Anatomy, Susan Standring, (Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 39th Edn.) 2005.
6. Surface Anatomy, John, S. Lumley, (Churchill Livingstone) 2002.
7. Mc,Minn’s color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Ahrahams, Peter H, ( Mosby ) 2003.
8. Hollinshead’s Functional Anatomy of limbs and Back, Jenkins David,B,( W.B. Saunders, 8 th Edn.) 2002.
9. Viva Voce in Anatomy, Gangane, S.D. (Churchill Livingstone) 1999.
10. Viva in Anatomy, Yadav, A. (Jaypee Brother’s Medical Publishers) 1998.
11. Cunningham’s Text book of Anatomy, Romanse, G.J.( Oxford University Press. 12th Edn.)
12. Grant’s methods of Anatomy: A Clinical Problem solving approach. Basmajian, John, V. (Williams, & Wilkins,
10th Edn) 1989.
13. Anatomy regional and Applied, Last, R. J, (English Language Book Society) 1981.
14. Hollinshead’s Text book of Anatomy, Rosse, Cornelius, ( Lippincott 5th Edn.)1997.
15. Last Anatomy regional and applied, Sinnatamby, Chammys, (Churchill Livingstone) 2001.
16. Essential Anatomy dissector following grant’s method, Hansen, John,T. (Lippincott, Wiliams and Wilkins 5 th Edn.)
2002.
17. Text book of Human Anatomy, Hamilton, W. .J , (Macmillan publishing , 2nd Edn )1982.
18. Segmental Anatomy, Wagner, Marvin, (Williams and Wilkins) 1982.
BMS C743
Neuro anatomy –I
2
1
0
3
Cranial cavity and CNS
Meninges – dural venous sinuses – cerebral cortex: structure, divisions, functional regions and connections –
cerebellum: structure, divisions, functional regions and connections – Thalamus – hypothalamus – limbic
system – mid brain – nuclei of mid brain – medulla – spinal cord.
87
PNS and ANS
Spinal nerve formation – spinal nerve plexuses – cranial nerves – sympathetic chain – sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
through various cranial and spinal nerves – autonomic nerve plexuses and their functions.
1.
2.
3.
Clinically oriented Anatomy, Moore, Keith, (Williams & Wilkins, 5 th Edn.)1999.
Gray’s Anatomy for Students, Richard L. Drake, (Elsevier Churchill Livingstone) 2005.
Neruo Anatomy, Richard S.Snell, (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ) 2004.
BMS C706
Human Physiology – II
3
1
****
0 4
Faculty Dept. of Physiology
For detailed syllabus and references please refer the Department of Physiology’s detailed syllabus
****
BMS C744
Practical - III Human Anatomy- III 0 0 2 2
Anatomy cadever demonstration - spotter identification – viva voce from head, neck and thoracic regions of
human cadaevar and from brain and spinal cord
BMS C708
****
0
Practical IV: Human Physiology –
II
0
3
3
Faculty Dept. of Physiology
For detailed syllabus and references please refer the Department of Physiology’s detailed syllabus
****
SEMESTER III
BMS C709
Human Physiology – III
3
1
0
4
Faculty Dept. of Physiology
For detailed syllabus and references please refer the Department of Physiology’s detailed syllabus
BMS C710
Medical Imaging and Radiology
1
****
1
0
2
Guest Faculty
Unit I
Principles of medical imaging and radiology: x-rays, angiograms, contrast x-rays, MRI, CT, ultrasound, echocardiogram
Unit II
Practical demonstration of performing various imaging techniques
Unit III
Medical Imaging and Radiology of limbs and thorax: features of normal study, signs of pathology in limbs and thoracic
organs through medical imaging techniques mentioned above.
Unit IV
Medical Imaging and Radiology of abdomen and pelvis: features of normal study, signs of pathology in various
abdominal and pelvic organs through medical imaging techniques mentioned above.
Unit V
Medical Imaging and Radiology of head, brain and spinal cord: features of normal study, signs of pathology in head,
brain and spinal cord through medical imaging techniques mentioned above.
List of Reference Books
1. Text book of radio Graphic Positioning and related Anatomy, Bontrager, Kenneth .L Mosby, 2001.
2. Clinical diagnostic ultrasound, Baxter, Grand, m. Allan, Paul LD, morley, Patricia,Blackwell, Scientific
Publication,1999.
3. Fundaments of medical Imaging. Sueters, Paul, Cambridge, University press, 2002.
4. Handbook radiology. Prasad, Kedar .N. (2nd Edn), CRC Press ,1995.
5. Fundamentals of medical Imaging . Suetens, Paul, Cambridge University Press, 2002.
6. Clinical diagnostic ultra sound. Baxter, Grant, (6th Edn), Blackwell scientific publication, 1999
88
SEMESTER IV
BMS C711
Advanced Research Methods
in Anatomy
3
1
0
4
Unit I
Electro-neurophysiology: ECG - EMG – EEG – SEP – MEP
Unit II
Neuron Tracing: Use of fluorescent tracers – non-fluorescent tracers – theoretical background of neuron tracing
mechanisms
Unit III
Estimation Techniques: Estimation of Neurotransmittors and others through HPLC – ELISA Blotting Techniques:
southern, northern and western
Unit IV
Histochemistry: Histochemical procedures in quantifying substances such as alkaline phosphatase – histamine etc in
tissue sections – special stains for neurohistology
Unit V
Immunohistology: Polyclonal –monoclonal antibody production – primary – secondary antibodies – antibody tagging –
antigen retrivel – using different primary and secondary antibodies for selective staining of tissue components.
BMS C712
Animal Experimentation
3
****
1
0
4
Unit I
Introduction: Animal experimentation - need and importance – limitations – legal and ethical issues in animal
experimentation – rules / orders pertaining to animal experimentation
Unit II
Animal Maintenance: Maintenance and breeding conditions for commonly used laboratory animals such as rats, mice,
dogs, rabbits, and non-human primates
Unit III
Animal Anesthetic Techniques: Fundamentals of anesthesia – various anesthetic, analgesic medication for animals
Animal Training and Behavior Study: Training animals for neurological testings – basis and fundamentals of animal
behavior studies – objective scoring methods
Unit IV
Animal Surgery: Fundamentals of experimental animal surgery – surgical approaches such as laprotomy – craniotomy –
laminectomy – vascular access – osmotic pump installation
Unit V
Animal Euthansia: Acceptable methods of animal euthanasia
Alternate Methods to Animal Experimentation: Need to find alternate methods advantages and limitations
****
BMS C713
Practical: Advanced Research 2
1
0
3
Methods in Anatomy
Demonstration and actual hands-on training of techniques described in the paper BMS C711
BMS C714
****
Practical: Animal Experimentation
List of Practical
1. Maintenance practice of rats in the department’s animal house
2. Demonstration of animal anesthesia
3. Demonstration of animal surgeries / invasive procedures
a. Venupunture and blood sampling
89
0
0
4
4
4.
5.
b. Drug administration – oral, para entral
c. Craniotomy
d. Laminectomy
e. Laprotomy
f. Stereotaxic lesioning techniques
Training an animal for a particular motor / memory skill test
Animal behavior testing and scoring methods
References for Research methods in Anatomy, Advanced Research Methods, Animal Experimentation
1. Stem cells Hand Book, Stewart sell, Humana Press Totowa, New Jersey, 2004.
2. Theory and practical of Histological Techniques. Bancroft, John D, (5th Edn), Churchill Livingstone , 2002.
3. Culture of animal cell a manual of basis Technique. Frshney Rian (4th Edn), Wiley- Liss, 2000.
4. Trobleshooling Histology stains. Horobin, Richard. W Churchill Livingstone, 1998.
5. Neural stem cells for brain and spinal cord. Zigova, Tanja, snyder, Evan Y, Totowa , Humana press, 2003.
6. Anatomy of the domestic animals, Getty, Robert, Macmillan publishing.
7. Neural stem cells Methods and Protocols, Zigova, Tanja, Humana press Totowa, 2002.
8. Modern Techniques in Neuro Science Reaserch. Windhor, st, springerverlag. New York,1999.
9. Viva Voce Hand book of Veterinary anaesthesia. Muir, William, W, Hubbell, Jaypee Brothers, 1991.
10. Darkroom Handbook. Langford, Miochael, Ebury press ,1981
****
90
SEMESTER V
BMS C715
Gross Anatomy – I
2
1
0
3
Syllabus shall be the as per the layout of BMS C701. Standard of teaching and learning shall be of “Gray’s Anatomy”
standard and as per the standard laid by Prof.A.Krishnamurti committee formulated by Anatomical Society of India
BMS C745
Neuro Anatomy – II
2
****
1
0
3
****
1
0
3
Unit I
Meninges – CSF – Gross Anatomy of Brain
Unit II
Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy – internal structure - tracts
Unit III
Medulla – Cranial nerves from Medulla
Unit IV
Pons – Cranial nerves from Pons
Unit V
Mid brain – Cranial nerves from mid brain
BMS C717
Human Histology – General
and Systemic
2
Unit I
Cell structure and function - Cell cycle and application - Basic tissue types - Blood- Connective tissue -Epithelial tissue
Unit II
Muscle - Circulatory system - Skin - Skeletal tissue
Unit III
Immune system - Respiratory system - Oral tissue - Gastro intestinal tract- Liver and pancreas
Unit IV
Urinary system - The endocrine glands - Male reproductive system - Female Reproductive system
Unit V
Central nervous system - Special sense organs
91
References
1.
2.
3.
Atlas of Histology, Victor P. Eroschenko, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005.
Currar’s Atlas of Histology ,Curran’s, R.C , (4th Edn), Harvey Miller Publishers,
2000.
Wheater’s functional Histology, Burkitt, George, (3rd Edn), Churchill Livingstone, 1993.
****
BMS C718
Human
Embryology
– 2
1
0
3
General and Systemic
Unit I
Gametogensis – ovulation – fertilization – implantation – placenta formation – bilaminar and trilaminar germ
disc – teratogenic agents and their effects – oraganizers and inducers
Unit II
Development of integumentory – skeletal – muscular – systems
Unit III
Development of digestive and respiratory systems
Unit IV
Development of respiratory and urogenital systems
Unit V
Development of circulatory and nervous systems
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Human Embryology, William J. Larsen, Churchill Livingstone, 2001.
The Developing Human, Keith L. Moore, Saunders, 2003.
Langman’s Medical Embryology, T.W. Sadler, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004.
Clinical Embryology A color Atlas and Text, Brookes, (1st Edn), CRC Press,1998.
Developing Human Clinically oriented Embryology, Moore, Keith, L, Persaud;T.V.N, 1998.
Human Embryology, Larsen, William J., (2nd Edn), Churchill Livingstone, 1999.
****
BMS C719
Research Project and Dissertation
0
0
6
6
2
1
0
3
All Faculty
****
SEMESTER VI
BMS C720
Gross Anatomy – II
Syllabus shall be the as per the layout of BMS C705. Standard of teaching and learning shall be of “Gray’s Anatomy”
standard and as per the standard laid by Prof.A.Krishnamurti committee formulated by Anatomical Society of India
92
References for Gross Anatomy I & II
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Grays Anatomy, Susan Standring, Elsevier Churchill Living stone, 39th Edn, 2005.
Gray’s Anatomy for Students, Richard L. Drake, Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2005.
Clinical Anatomy, Richard S.Snell, Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2004.
Surface Anatomy, John, S. Lumley, Churchill Livingstone, 2002.
Mc,Minn’s color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Ahrahams, Peter H, Mosby 2003.
Hollinshead’s Functional Anatomy of limbs and Back, Jenkins David,B, 8th Edn.W.B. Saunders, 2002.
Viva Voce in Anatomy, Gangane, S.D. Churchill Livingstone Pvt. L.T.D, 1999.
Viva in Anatomy, Yadav, A. Jaypee Brother’s Medical Publishers, 1998.
Cunningham’s Text book of Anatomy, Romanse, G.J. 12th Edn, Oxford University Press.
Grant’s methods of Anatomy: A Clinical Problem solving approach. Basmajian, John, V. Williams, & Wilkins
Company 10th Edn. 1989.
11. Anatomy regional and Applied, Last, R. J, English Language Book Society, 1981.
12. Clinically oriented Anatomy, Moore, Keith, (5th Edn) ,Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 1999.
13. Hollinshead’s Text book of Anatomy, Rosse, Cornelius, (5th Edn), Lippincott ,1997.
14. Last , Anatomy regional and applied, Sinnatamby, Chammy s, Churchill Livingstone, 2001.
15. Essential Anatomy dissector following grant’s method, Hansen, John,T. (5th Edn). Lippincott Wiliams and
Wilkins, 2002.
16. Text book of Human Anatomy, Hamilton, W. J , Macmillan publishing , (2nd Edn) 1982.
Segmental Anatomy, Wagner, Marvin, Williams and Wilkins, 1982.
****
BMS C746
Neuro Anatomy – III
2
1
0
3
Unit I
Cerebellum – nuclei – connections – disorders
Unit II
Diencephalon: Epithalamus – thalamus – hypothalamus – visual pathway – hypophysis - disorders
Unit III
Corpus striatum and related nuclei – Olfactory pathways – hippocampus – amygdale - disorders
Unit IV
Cerebral cortex: layers – areas – higher nervous functions – disorders
Unit V
Blood supply of central nervous system – disorders
93
Reference for Neuro Anatomy I & II
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Visceral Sensory Neuroscience, Oliver G. Cameron, Oxford University Press, 2002.
Functional Neuro Anatomy, Jeffrey T. Joseph,Wiley- Liss A John Wiley& Sons, Inc.,Publications.
Clinical Neuro Anatomy for medical Students, Richard & Snell , (5th Edn), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001.
Clinical Neuro Anatomy, M. J.T. Fitzgeralds & Jean folan- Curran, W. B. Saunders,2002.
Carpentei’s human Neuro Anatomy, Paremt, Andre, (9th Edn), Williams & Wilkins, 1996.
Neuro Anatomy, Crossmann, A. R , Churchill Livingstone , 2000
Clinical Neuro Anatomy and related Neuroscience, Fitzgerald, M.J.J, (4th Edn), W.B. Saunders , 2002.
Human brain :an introduction to its functional Anatomy, Nolte. John, (4th Edn), Mosby, 1999.
****
BMS C722
Histopathology
2
1
0
3
Faculty, Dept. of Pathology
Unit I
Acute and Chronic inflammation - Tissue repair, Cellular growth, wound healing,
Hemo dynamic disorder, thrombosis and shock
Unit II
Genetic diseases - Diseases of Immunity -Neoplasia
Unit III
Infectious Diseases - Environmental and Nutritional Pathology - Diseases of Infancy & Childhood
Unit IV
Slides of the Condition to be shown and explained - Relevant Specimens to be studied
Relevant stains to be studied - Diseases of the specific organs.
Unit V
Ways of identifying healthy, sick and dead cells – Causes of cell death – Type of ulcers / wounds – Mechanisms
and stages of wound healing – infiltrations – histology of cancers neuropathology.
References
1. Cell tissue and disease the basis of pathology, Woolf, Nevile, ( WB Saunders) 2000.
2. Robin’s Pathologic’s basis of disease, Cotran, Ramzi’s (HAR Court basis Private L.T.D, 6th Edn.) 2000.
****
94
BMS C723
Surgical
anatomy
Operative surgery
&
2
1
0
3
Unit I
Patient preparation- anesthesia- fluid management- surgical incisions- sutures- wound care- Postoperative care –
antibiotics- pain relief- special requirements- Fractures- dislocations and their management
Unit II
Wound management through skin grafting and flaps- Amputations- Vascular repair- Anterior abdominal wall – special
reference to hernias
Unit III
Abdominal viscera – stomach- billiary system- excretory system- intestinal system- pancrease- spleen
Unit IV
Surgical and operative surgery aspects of cardiac problems- Surgical and operative surgery aspects of thoracic
interventions- Principles of neurosurgery
Unit V
Surgical and operative surgery aspects of eye- ear- nose and throat- Organ transplantations and reconstructive surgery
References
1. Applied Surgical Anatomy. M.A. Glasby ,Utterworth Einemann, 1998.
2. Essential Clinical Anatomy. Keith L. Moore, Fiac, Frsm, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.
3. Operative Anatomy. Scott- Conner, Carol E.H.( 2nd, Edn) Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins,2003.
4. Oxford Textbook of Surgery V, Morris, Peter J.Oxford University press, 1999.
****
BMS C747
Anatomy Practical –Spotters
and Viva Voce
0
0
2
2
4
4
****
BMS C725
Anatomy Practical – Human
Cadaver Dissection
0
0
95
M.Phil ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
REGULATIONS
1.
Duration of the program:
One year M.Phil program in Environmental Toxicology (Faculty of Science), has two semesters under CBCS
system
2.
Distribution of credit points:
The total credit point for one program is 36. Each credit is equivalent to 15 hrs of teaching. The distribution of
credit point is given in the scheme of examinations.
3.
Eligibility for admission:
A Master Degree in Zoology, Special Zoology, M.Sc. Life Science of University of Madras or any other
University recognized by the Syndicate as equivalent thereto, provided that those who have qualified for the Master’s
Degree prior to 1st January, 1991 must have secured a minimum of 50 percent of marks and those who have qualified
for the Master’s Degree on or after 1st January, 1991 must have secured a minimum of 55 percent of marks. For SC/ST
and Disabled candidates who have qualified on or after 1 st January, 1991, a concession of 5 percent of marks shall be
given in the minimum eligibility marks. Candidates with a Master Degree in Botany/ Environmental Sciences/
Biochemistry with zoology as a subject in the undergraduate course are also eligible.
4.
Total number of candidates to be admitted per year: 10 nos.
5.
Fees: The course will be offered under regular mode with University approved fee structure for M.Phil course.
M.Phil ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
Course
Code
Title of the Course Code
Core/
Elective
Credits
L T P
C
Course Faculty
4
5
I – Semester
BMS
C 501
Principles
Toxicology
of
Environmental
C
96
1
-
R. Venkatakrishna
Murali
S.L.Maheswari
M.P.Balasubramanian
S.Karthikeyan
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
Guest Faculty
BMS
C 502
Research Methodology in
Environmental Toxicology
C
4
1
-
5
BMS
E 501
BMS
E 502
BMS
E 503
BMS
E 504
BMS
E 505
Haemopoeitic
Cardiovas-cular
and Renal Toxicology
Neuro and Nano Toxicology
E
4
1
-
5
E
4
1
-
5
R. Venkatakrishna
Murali
S.L.Maheswari
M.P.Balasubramanian
S.Karthikeyan
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
Guest Faculty
R. Venkatakrishna
Murali
S.L.Maheswari
Reproductive
and
Toxicology
Hepato Toxicology
E
4
1
-
5
M.P.Balasubramanian
E
4
1
-
5
S.Karthikeyan
E
4
1
-
5
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
C
-
-
-
21
Supervisor and
Dept. Faculty
Members
Endocrine
Immuno Toxicology
II – Semester
BMS
C 503
BMS
C 501
Dissertation and
Viva-voce
C
Principles of Environmental
4
1
0
5
All faculty and
Guest faculty
Toxicology
Unit I
Introduction – different areas of toxicology – classification of toxic agents – toxicity, hazard, risk. Routes of exposure –
duration and frequency of exposure.
Chemo-biokinetics –absorption– distribution – biotransformation – excretion.
Chemo-biodynamics – mechanism of action –factors influencing toxicity. Spectrum of toxic effects.
Unit II
Regulatory toxicology - Toxicity testing –LC50 statistics, Interpretation of laboratory data. – Toxicoinformatics.
General principles of aquatic toxicology – major issues – dose/concentration response, Chemical interactions - property
of toxic chemicals that influence quality criteria and aquatic organisms - Toxicity testing on fresh water and marine
organisms – Chronic, early life stage and whole life cycle test - Contaminants - sewage and effluents.
Biological response of toxicants – behavioural, physiological, biochemical and toxicogenomics - Remote sensing
techniques in assessment of aquatic pollutants - Environmental legislation related to toxicants. Human health and
environmental risk assessments - Sources and uses of bioactive compounds on aquatic plants and animals.
Unit III
Classification of pesticides – (a) their target (b) by their chemical nature (c) by their physical state (d) by their mode of
action. Mode of action of various groups of pesticides – mode of entry and metabolism of pesticides in mammals and
anthropods – degradation and metabolism of pesticides – Pesticide interaction – resistant to pesticides - Human hazards
in the use of pesticides and safety measures.Pesticides as pollutants in environment.
Unit IV
Naturally occurring food toxins – plant and animal sources - secondary toxicosis. Food allergens – toxicity and
mechanisms of food allergy.Microbial food poisoning – through bacterial and fungal species.
97
Derived food toxins – nitrosamines – mechanism of food toxicity. Food additives – classification, utility – toxicity of
food preservatives, flavouring agents, artificial sweeteners. Food adulterants and its toxicity.Toxicity of food packaging
materials – plastics and plasticizers.
Unit V
Noise pollution – temporary and permanent effects of noise pollution. Radiation toxicology – ionizing and non-ionizing
radiations - toxic effects of radiation. Heavy metal pollution – toxic effects in animals and human being.
Environmental monitoring – sampling and surveillance techniques. Screening tests for common poisons – detection and
estimation of metals, alcohols, insecticides, pesticides, glycosides and alkaloids. Methods of extraction and purification
in toxicological analysis
References:
Levinton JS (Ed.). Marine biology function, biodiversity, ecology (2nd edn.). Oxford University press, Oxford, 2001.
Verberg J, Calabrese A, Thurberg FP, Veraberg WB (Eds.). Biological monitoring of marine pollutants. Academic press,
New York, 1981.
Kudesia VP (Ed.). Water pollution. Pragati Prakasham, Meerut, India, 1998.
Klaassen CD (Eds.). Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology: The basic science of poisons. Mc Graw-Hill, London. 2001.
Eckenfelder Jr. WW (Ed.). Industrial water pollution control (3 rd edn.). Mc raw Hill, New York, London, 2000.
Marrrs TC, Ballantyne B. (Eds.). Pesticide toxicology and international regulation, Chichester John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
Handa SK, (Ed.). Principles of pesticide chemistry, Jodhpur Agrobios, 2000.
Marqquis JK (authour). Contemporary issues in pesticide toxicology and pharmacology.
London S Karger, 1986.
Kudesia VP, Charaya MU (Eds.). Pesticide pollution, Meerut pragati prakashan, 2000.
Hayes WJ, Laws ER, (Eds.). Handbook of pesticide toxicology, New York Academic press, 1991.
Concon JM (Ed.). Food toxicology; Part A and Part B. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, Bassel, 1988.
Antony Tu T (Ed.). Food poisoning – Hand book of natural toxins. Marker Dekker Inc., New York, Basel, 1992.
Thaukamma J (Ed.). Food adulteration. Mac Millan Co. and India Ltd., Madras, 19964.
Gibson GG and Wakkaer R (Eds.). Food toxicology: real or imaginary problem? Taylor and Frnacis, London,
Philadelphia, 1985.
Mutherjea RN, Bhowal SK, Banerjee AR, Mukhopathay S (Eds.). Industrial pollution. techniques for operations and
control. Allied Publishers Ltd., New Delhi, Chennai, 2001.
Cookerham LG, Shane BS (Eds.). Basic environmental toxicology. CRC press, London, 1994.
BMS
C 502
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
IN ENVIRONMENTAL
TOXICOLOGY
C
4
1
0
5
All Faculty and Guest
faculty.
Unit-I
Principles and applications of spectrophotometry – UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence, atomic absorption spectroscopy.
Unit-II
Chromatography – paper, thin layer, chromatography: high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography,
ion exchange chromatography, HPTLC.
98
Electrophoresis – Disc gel, SDS PAGE, Two-dimensional PAGE, isoelectric focusing – pulse radiation electrophoresis.
Unit-III
Microscopy – bright field, dark field, phase contrast, fluorescence, DIC, Confocal, Scanning Electron Microscopy &
Electron Microscopy.
Unit-IV
Molecular Biological Techniques – PCR, Reverse Transcriptase PCR, Genomic DNA, RNA extraction and western blot.
Unit-V
Micro Technique – Histology, Histochemistry, and Histotoxico pathology. Analytical Toxicology & Experimental
Toxicology – Herbal products screening and toxicity.
Unit-VI
Good Laboratory Practice and Basic calculations. Biostatistics – Environmental Toxicology.
References:
Zar JH (Ed.). Biostatistical analysis. Prentice Hall International Inc., Engkwood cliffs, New Jersy, 1984.
Bancroft H (Ed.). Introduction to biostatistics. Harper & Row publications. New York, London, 1965.
Varley H (Ed.). Practical clinical biochemistry (4 th edn.). CBS Publishers & Distributors, Delhi, 1988.
Ghosh MN (Ed.). Fundamentals of experimental pharmacology (2nd edn.). Scientifica book agency, Calcutta, 1984.
Bajpai S (Ed.). Biological instrumentation and methodology. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi, 2006.
Gupta SK, Uma S, Velpandian T (Eds.). Analytical toxicology for poisoning management and toxicovigilance. Nerosa
publishing house, New Delhi, Chennai, 2002.
BMS
E 501
Haemopoietic
Cardiovas-cular
and Renal Toxicology
E
4
1
-
5
R. Venkatakrishna
Murali
Unit I
Components of haemopoietic system – Types of anemia – Iron – Folic acid and vitamin B12 – Haemopoietic growth
factors. Coagulation of blood – drugs acting on coagulatiopn cascade4 – anticoagulants – anti-platelet drugs fibrinolytic drugs.
Unit II
Cardiac rate and rhythm-action potential of cardiac muscle- disturbances of cardiac rhythm Cardiac Contraction –
Coronary atherosclerosis and its Consequence - Drugs affecting cardiac function- cardiac glycosides – antidysrhythmic
drugs – antianginal drugs.
Unit III
Control of vascular smooth muscle tone – structure and function of vascular endothelium – “Renin – Angiotensin”
system – vasoconstrictor drugs – vasodilator drugs – Atherosclerosis and lipoprotein metabolism.
Unit IV
Structure and function of nephron – tubular function- Acid-Base balance – Diuretics – Drugs altering the pH of urine –
Drugs altering the excretion of organic molecules – Renal toxicology.
Unit V
In vitro and in vivo experimental evaluation of drugs that affect blood formation – Evaluation of drugs acting on
cardiovascular system – Evaluation of diuretics – Assessment of renal toxicity.
99
References:
Miesink RJM., de Vries J, Hollinger MA.(Eds). Toxicology: principles and applications, CRC Press, New York. 1995.
Klaassen CD (Eds.). Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology: the basic science of poisons. Mc Graw-Hill, London. 2001.
Hardman JG, Limbrid LE (Eds.). Goodman & Gilman’s The pharmacological basis of therapeutics (10 th edn.). Mc Graw
Hill, New York, London, 2001.
Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM (Eds.). Pharmacology (4 th edn.). Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1999.
Tripathi KD (Ed.). Essentials of medical pharmacology (5 th edn.). Jaypee Brothers Medical publishers (P) Ltd., New
Delhi, 2003.
BMS
E 502
Neuro and Nano Toxicology
E
4
1
-
5
S.L.Maheswari
Unit-I
Cell and Molecular biology of Neuron – Evolution of neurons, cytology, ion channels, membrane potential and action
potential. Synthesis of neuronal proteins.
Unit-II
Synaptic transmission – Evolution of synapses and overview, synaptic integration, modulation by second messengers
and synaptic transmission. Neurotransmitters- acetylcholine, biogenic amines, amino transmitters, ATP and adenosine,
and neuroactive peptides.
Unit-III
Development of Nervous system - Comparative anatomy, structure and function of invertebrate and vertebrate nervous
system. Biochemical and physiological function of neurons and glial cells.
Unit-IV
Brain and Behaviour- Distinct functional regions of the brain, genes and behaviour. Neural basis of cognition. Definition
and neural basis of short term and long-term memory.
Unit-V
Basic principles of toxicology and Toxicoinformatics – Regulatory toxicology. Major classes of toxic agents. Impact of
environmental pollutants on nervous system. Toxicoinformatics - Neurodegenerative disorders. Xenobiotic effects on
learning, memory, aging and behaviour.
Unit-VI
Nanotoxicology – Introduction. Concepts of Nanotoxicology. Mechanisms of Nano-sized particle toxicity.
Nanopollution - Nanomaterials in the Environment.. Human exposure to nano sized materials. Portals of entry and
target tissues. Risk assessment. Ethical, Legal and Societal implications.
References:
Kandal KR, Schwartzs JH, Jessell JM (Eds.). Principles of neural science (4 th edn.). Mc Graw Hill, New York, London,
2000.
Klaassen CD (Eds.). Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology:, The basic science of poisons. Mc Graw-Hill, London. 2001.
Hardman JG, Limbrid LE (Eds.). Goodman & Gilman’s: The pharmacological basis of therapeutics (10 th edn.). Mc Graw
Hill, New York, London, 2001.
100
Cooper JR, Bloom FE, Roth RH (Eds.). The biochemical basis of neuropharmacology (8th edn.). Oxford University Press,
Chennai, 2003.
Stryer L (Ed.). Biochemistry (4th edn.). Standard University, W. H. Freeman & Company, New York, 1995.
Guyton AC, Hall JE (Eds.). Text book of medical physiology (9 th edn.). Prism Books (P) Ltd., Bangalore, India, 1996.
BMS
E 503
REPRODUCTIVE
TOXICOLOGY
AND
ENDO-CRINE
E
4
1
0
5
Dr. M.P.
Balasubramanian
Unit-I
Overview of reproductive physiology – gametogenesis – storage and transmission of genetic information by the
generative cells.
Unit-II
Spermatogenesis – cells in seminiferous tubules – meiosis – differentiation of spermatozoa.
Unit-III
Oogenesis – growth of the oocyte – accumulation of food reserves of the oocyte – pattern of organization – maturation
of the egg – developing egg – fertilization – embryonic development in the egg – cleavage – morphological aspects of
gastrulation and primary organ formation – physiology of gastrulation
Unit-IV
Organogenesis – differentiation and growth – sexual maturation – asexual reproduction.
Unit--VI
Action of xenobiotics on reproductive process – hormonal controls – egg production – transfer of contaminants by eggs
and sperms – embryo energy metabolism.
Unit--VII
Changes in pollutant sensitivity during embryonic development in lower vertebrates and invertebrates – hatching time
– larvae – larval and juvenile growth.
References:
Mattison DR, (Ed.) Clinical manifestations of ovarian toxicology in reproductive toxicology, Dixon RL.Ed, Raven Press,
New York, 1985.
.
National research council. Biologic markers in reproductive toxicity. National Academic press, Washington.D.C. 1989.
Wilson JG and Fraser FC.(Eds.). Embryotoxicity of drugs in man, in handbook of teratology, Vol - I, Plenum press, New
York 1977.
Klaassen CD (Eds.). Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology: The basic science of poisons. Mc Graw-Hill, London. 2001.
Miesink RJM., de Vries J, Hollinger MA.(Eds). Toxicology: principles and applications, CRC Press, New York. 1995.
BMS
E 504
HEPATOTOXICOLOGY
E
4
1
0
5
Dr. S.Karthikeyan
Unit-I
Anatomy and function of the liver – Microscopic and functional aspects of liver cells – Overview of hepatic circulation
– bile duct – elimination function of the
liver – bile formation – enterohepatic circulation.
Unit-II
101
Effects of chemicals on the liver – acute cytotoxic lesions – cholestatic lesions –
hepatovascular lesions - tumors – granulomatous lesions.
chronic
Unit-III
Mechanism of liver injury – hepatic necrosis – cirrhosis – Direct vs. indirect
cholestatic mechanisms,
liver
disorder
–
effects – biochemical, immunological,
Unit-IV
Examples of hepatotoxic substances – acetaminophen. Carbon tetrachloride, alcohol, isoniazid, pyrolizidine alkaloids,
environmental pollutants, food carcinogens.
Unit-V
Mechanism of hepatic steatosis – increased synthesis of fatty acids – reduced oxidation of fatty acids – decreased
production of lipoproteins – interferences
with mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids – Inhibition of protein
synthesis.
Unit-IV
Evaluation of hepatotoxicity – hepatic necrosis, steatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma – Liver function tests – Hepato
protective agents mechanisms of hepatoprotection.
References:
Miesink RJM., de Vries J, Hollinger MA.(Eds). Toxicology: Principles and applications, CRC Press, New York. 1995.
Adolph L, Lorenz R (Eds). Enzymic diagnosis in disease of the heart, liver and pancreas, Karger, New York. 1982.
Poper H, Schaffner F (Eds). Progress in liver diseases, Vol. 2. Grune & Stratten, New York. 1965.
Gazet JE (Ed.). Carcinoma of the liver, biliary tract and pancreas, Edward Arnold, London. 1983.
Hall P (Ed.). Alcoholic liver disease: Pathology epidemiology and clinical aspects. Edward Arnold, London. 1985.
Rana SVS, Taketa K.(Eds.). Liver and environmental xenobiotics, Narosa publishing house, New Delhi. 1997.
Schrier RW, Gambertoglio JG. (Eds.). Handbook of drug therapy in liver and kidney disease. Little Brown & Co.,
London. 1991.
Farber E, Fisher MM. (Eds.). Toxic injury of the liver. Part A. Marcel Dekker, New York. 1978.
Haschek WM, Rousseaux CG, Wallig MA (Eds.). Hand book of toxicologic pathology (2 nd Edn., Vol-2). Academic Press,
London, 2002.
Klaassen CD (Eds.). Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology: The basic science of poisons. Mc Graw-Hill, London. 2001.
Derelanko MJ, Hollinger MA. Hand book of toxicology (2nd Edn.). CRC Press, New York. 2002.
Chatterjee MN, Rana S. Text book of medical biochemistry. Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi. 2002.
BMS
E 505
Immuno Toxicology
E
4
1
-
5
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
Unit I
Immune system – organization and functions – cell mediated immunity – humoral immunity – Types of allergic
reactions
Unit II
Immunosuppressive agents – adrenalcortical steroids – antiproloiferative and antimetabolic drugs – antibodies –
tolerance.
102
Unit III
Immunostimulant drugs – immunostimulant drugs – vaccines – globulins.
Unit IV
Xnobiotics and their influence on immune system – immunotoxicity of organotin compounds – polychlorinated
biphenyles – hexachlorobenzene – oxidizing gases.
Unit V
Tests of immune competence – Experimental evaluation of immunotoxicity – animal models used in the evaluation of
immunotoxicity.
References:
Miesink RJM., de Vries J, Hollinger MA.(Eds). Toxicology: Principles and applications, CRC Press, New York. 1995.
Klaassen CD (Eds.). Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology, The basic science of poisons. Mc Graw-Hill, London. 2001.
Hardman JG, Limbrid LE (Eds.). Goodman & Gilman’s The pharmacological basis of therapeutics (10 th edn.). Mc Graw
Hill, New York, London, 2001.
Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM (Eds.). Pharmacology (4th edn.). Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1999.
Tripathi KD (Ed.). Essentials of medical pharmacology (5 th edn.). Jaypee Brothers Medical publishers (P) Ltd., New
Delhi, 2003.
103
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
1.
Name of the course:
M.Sc. PHARMACOLOGY – Faculty of Medicine
2.
Nature of the course:
Inter Disciplinary under CBCS pattern with semester system
3.
Revision Number and Effect:
With effect from 2007 and thereafter
4.
Course content – M.S.c. Pharmacology (Faculty of Medicine)
Course
Code
Title of the Course Code
Theory/Practical
Core/Elective
Credits
Course Faculty
I – SEMESTER
Theory –Core
3
Dept. of Anatomy
Theory –Core
3
Dept. of Anatomy
BMS-C 903
Human Anatomy I *
(upper limb, lower limb )
Human Anatomy II *
(abdomen, pelvis and perineum )
Human Physiology I*
Theory –Core
4
Dept. of Physiology
BMS-C 904
Practical I : Human Anatomy I *
Practical–Core
3
Dept. of Anatomy
BMS-C 905
Practical II : Human Physiology I*
Practical–Core
3
Dept. of Physiology
BMS-E 901
BMS-E902
UOM-S 001
Elective$
Elective$
Soft skill
Theory –Elective
Theory –Elective
3
3
2
BMS-C 901
BMS-C 902
Total Credits for I Semester: (Core=16; Elec,=6; S.S-2)
24
* Offered by other departments. Syllabus is same as for other M.Sc. courses offered under faculty of Medicine.
$ Suggested Electives: BMS E001 –Principles of Biochemistry I - By: Dept of Bio Chemistry
BMS E702 –Human Histology - By: Dept of Anatomy
II – SEMESTER
Theory –Core
3
Dept. of Anatomy
BMS-C 907
Human Anatomy III *
(Head and neck and thorax)
Neuro Anatomy I *
Theory –Core
3
Dept. of Anatomy
BMS-C 908
Human Physiology II*
Theory –Core
4
Dept. of Physiology
BMS-C 909
Practical III : Human Anatomy II *
Practical –Core
3
Dept. of Anatomy
BMS-C 910
Practical IV : Human Physiology II*
Practical –Core
3
Dept. of Physiology
BMS-E 903
Elective$
Theory –Elective
3
BMS-E 904
UOM-S 002
Elective$
Soft skill
Theory –Elective
3
2
BMS-C 906
Total Credits for II Semester:
(Core=16; Elec,=6; S.S-2)
24
* Offered by other departments. Syllabus is same as for other M.Sc. courses offered under faculty of Medicine.
$ Suggested Electives: BMS E002 – Principles of Biochemistry I - By: Dept of Bio Chemistry
Course
Code
Title of the Course Code
Core/
Elective
III-SEMESTER
104
Credits
Course Faculty
BMS-C 911
General principles of pharmacology
Theory –Core
4
BMS-C 912
Systemic pharmacology I
Theory –Core
4
BMS-C 913
Practical V
Practical-Core
3
BMS-C 914
BMS-E 905
BMS-E 906
UNOM-S 003
Practical VI
Practical-Core
Reproductive Endocrine Toxicology
Theory Elective
Hepatotoxicology
Theory Elective
Soft skill
Total Credits for III Semester: (Core=14; Elec,=6; S.S-2)
3
3
3
2
22
IV – SEMESTER
BMS-C 915
Systemic pharmacology II
Theory-Core
4
BMS-C 916
Systemic pharmacology III
Theory-Core
4
BMS-C 917
BMS-C 918
BMS-E 907
BMS-E 908
Practical VII
Practical VIII
Neuro and Nano Toxicology
Immunotoxicology
Practical-Core
Practical-Core
Elective
Elective
3
3
3
3
UNOM-S 004
Soft skill
Total Credits for IV Semester:
V – Semester
BMS-C 919
(Core=14; Elec,=6; S.S-2)
R. Venkatakrishna
Murali and
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
R. Venkatakrishna
Murali,
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
Guest Faculty
R. Venkatakrishna
Murali
S.Karthikeyan
M.P.Balasubramanian
S.Karthikeyan
R. Venkatakrishna
Murali and
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
R. Venkatakrishna
Murali
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
S.L.Maheswari
S.Karthikeyan
S.L.Maheswari
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
2
22
Systemic pharmacology IV
Theory-Core
4
Theory-Core
4
BMS-C 921
Bioactive compounds and
Phytopharmacology
Practical IX
R. Venkatakrishna
Murali
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
All faculty
Practical-Core
3
All faculty
BMS-C 922
Experimental design and biostatistics
Theory-Core
4
BMS-E 909
Environmental Toxicology
Theory-Elective
3
BMS-E 910
Haemopoietic Cardiovascular and
Theory-Elective
Renal Toxicology
Soft skill
Internship
Total Credits for V Semester: (Core=15; Elec,=6; S.S-2;
(Intern=2)
3
R. Venkatakrishna
Murali
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
R. Venkatakrishna
Murali
BMS-C 920
UNOM-S 005
UNOM-I 001
2
2
25
Course
Title of the Course Code
Code
VI – SEMESTER
BMS-C 923
Experimental pharmacology
Core/
Elective
Theory-Core
4
BMS-C 924
Advances in pharmacology
Theory-Core
4
BMS-C 925
Practical X
Practical-Core
3
105
Credits
Course Faculty
R. Venkatakrishna
Murali
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
R. Venkatakrishna
Murali
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
All faculty
BMS-C 926
Project with Dissertation
UNOM-S 006
Soft skill
Total Credits for IV Semester:
Practical +
Theory
(Core=17; S.S-2)
6
R. Venkatakrishna
Murali
Senthil Kumaran
Palanimuthu
2
19
Credit Distribution:
Core Subjects
Electives
Soft skills
Internship
:
:
:
:
Total Credits
:
92
30
12
2
-------------136
---------------
SYLLABUS (M.Sc. Pharmacology):
BMS-C 911
General principles of
Pharmacology
Theory-Core
Prof. R. Venkatakrishna Murali and
Dr. Senthil Kumaran Palanimuthu
Unit I
Definition and description of terms – drug nomenclature – routes of drug administration – dose determination – pediatric
considerations – geriatric considerations- prescription of drugs.
Unit II
Pharmacokinetics – cell membrane structure and functions – mechanism of drug transport through membranes – membrane barriers
– factors that determine drug absorption – drug distribution and volume of distribution – biotransformation phase I and phase II
reactions – bioavailability – Excretion of drugs and their metabolites.
Unit III
Pharmacodynamics – Types of drug action – physical and chemical actions – Effect through enzymes – actions mediated through
receptors- different types of receptors - drug interactions – combined effect of drugs – therapeutic application of the beneficial
interactions.
Unit IV
Dose response relationship – qualitative responses – quantal dose response relationship – calculation of effective dose – modified
response due to interaction between the drugs – Therapeutic window.
Unit V
Adverse effects of drugs – drug allergy – types of reactions – idiosyncrasy – tolerance and dependence – effect on blood forming
organs – drug induced hepatic disorders – drug induced ocular manifestations – dermatological effects of drugs.
BMS-C 912
Systemic pharmacology I
Theory-Core
Prof. R. Venkatakrishna Murali and
Dr. Senthil Kumaran Palanimuthu
Unit I
Drugs acting on autonomic nervous system – organization and functions of autonomic nervous system – autonomic
neurotransmitters – cholinoceptors classification – muscarinic receptor agonists – cholinomimetic esters and alkaloids –
anticholinesterase agents – toxicological aspects of anticholinesterases – therapeutic uses of anticholinesterases.
Unit II
Muscarinic receptor antagonists – substitutes for belladonna alkaloids – uses of anticholinergic drugs – toxicity of anticholinergic
drugs –Structure and function of the somatic nervous system - nicotinic receptors – ganglionic stimulants – ganglion blocking drugs
– skeletal muscle relaxants – non depolarizing and depolarizing agents – centrally acting muscle relaxants.
Unit III
Adrenergic transmission – endogenous catecholamines – adrenergic receptors classification and functions – sympathomimetic drugs
– therapeutic uses of adrenergic drugs – adrenergic receptor antagonists -  adrenergic blocking agents -  adrenergic blocking
drugs.
Unit IV
Local anesthetic agents – mechanism of action agents causing local anesthesia – prolonging the duration of the local anesthetic
effects and precautions to be taken – Classification of the local anesthetics – systemic effects of local anesthetics –pharmacology of
individual agents – adverse effects and clinical uses.
106
Unit V
Therapeutic gases – oxygen deprivation – oxygen administration – therapeutic uses of oxygen – toxicity of oxygen – carbon dioxide
production and elimination – effects of carbon dioxide – endogenous production of nitric oxide – uses and toxicity of nitric oxide –
uses of helium.
BMS- C 915
Systemic pharmacology I I
Theory-Core
Prof. R. Venkatakrishna Murali and
Dr. Senthil Kumaran Palanimuthu
Unit I
General anesthetic agents – inhalational and intravascular agents used in general anesthesia –ethyl alcohol – pharmacological
properties – acute intoxication – mechanism of CNS effects of ethanol – pharmacotherapy of alcoholism - methyl alcohol toxicity –
toxic effects of other alcohols.
Unit II
Sedative – hypnotic agents - benzodiazipines – barbiturates – classification – management of insomnia – drugs used in epilepsies –
nature and mechanisms of seizures and antiseizure drugs – general principles and choice of drugs for epilepsies.
Unit III
Drugs used in psychiatric ;disorders –antipsychotic agents – pharmacological properties and adverse effects of drugs used in the
management of anxiety – antidepressant drugs – different classes of drugs used as antidepressants – anti manic mood stabilizing
agents – hallucinogens.
Unit IV
Treatment of CNS degenerative disorders – mechanisms of selective neuronal vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases –
Parkinsonism and drugs used in Parkinson’s disease – approaches to the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease –symptomatic treatment
of Huntington’s disease – Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and therapy of spasticity.
Unit V
Endogenous opioid peptides – opioid receptors – opioid analgesics – pharmacology of morphine and related opioid agonists –
opioid toxicity – opioid antagonists – therapeutic uses of opioid analgesics – centrally acting antitussive agents – drug addiction and
drug abuse – CNS stimulants
BMS- C 916
Systemic pharmacology III
Theory-Core
Prof. R. Venkatakrishna Murali and
Dr. Senthil Kumaran Palanimuthu
Unit I
Autacoids – endogenous histamine and its functions – H1 and H2 receptors - H1 receptor antagonists and therapeutic uses - H2
receptor mediated actions : agonists and antagonists – antagonists of bradykinin and kallidin – 5HT and receptors – antagonists of
5HT – lipid derived autacoids.
Unit II
Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs – mechanism of action of NSAIDs- classification of analgesic, antipyretic and NSAIDs –
therapeutic and side effects of NSAIDS – drug therapy of Rheumatoid arthritis – drugs used in the treatment gout – drug used as
uricosuric agents.
Unit III
Drugs used in the treatment of asthma – drugs used for cough - ;agents used for control of gastric acid production and treatment of
peptic ulcers – prokinetic agents – emetics and antiemetics –agents used for constipation , diarrhoea and inflammatory bowel
disease.
Unit IV
Cardiac electrophysiology – the renin- angiotensin system – inhibitors of the rennin-angiotensin system – uses of ACE inhibitors –
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists – drugs used in the myocardial ischemia – treatment of heart failure – antiarrhythmic drugs –
antihypertensive agents.
Unit V
Fluid and electrolyte balance of the body – renal physiology – principles of diuretic action – pharmacology of different classes of
diuretics – role of diuretics in clinical medicine – vasopressin and other agents affecting renal conservation of water
BMS-C 919
Systemic pharmacology IV
Theory-Core
Prof. R. Venkatakrishna Murali and
Dr. Senthil Kumaran Palanimuthu
Unit I
Plasma lipoprotein metabolism – drug therapy for hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia – drugs acting on blood and blood
forming organs – hematopoietic agents: growth factors- agents used in hypochromic anemia – iron and iron salts – agents used in
megaloblastic anemia – hemostasis – anticoagulants – thrombolytic agents
Unit II
Hormones and hormone antagonists – anterior pituitary hormones –oxytocin and drugs acting on uterus – thyroid and antithyroid
drugs – insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents – gonadal hormones and their antagonists – estrogens and progestins - androgens –
adrenal cortical steroids – agents affecting calcium balance.
Unit III
107
The vitamins – water soluble vitamins – fat soluble vitamins – immunomodulators – immunosuppressive agents, tolerogens and
immunostimulants – vaccines and globulins – metal toxicity and chelating agents – chemotherapy of neoplastic diseases –
antineoplastic agents.
Unit IV
Antimicrobial agents – general considerations – sulfonamides – cotrimoxazole and quinolones – betalactam antibiotics – broad
spectrum antibiotics – amionoglycosides – macrolid antibiotics – drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis and leprosy – drugs
used in urinary tract infections – antifungal drugs – antiviral drugs.
Unit V
Drugs used in protozoal infections – malaria – amoebiasis – giardiasis, trichomoniasis, trypnosomiasis, leishmaniasis – drugs used
in the treatment of helminthiasis – drugs used sexually transmitted diseases – antiseptics – disinfectants and ectoparasiticides
BMS-C 920
Bioactive compounds and phytopharmacology
Theory-Core
All faculty
Unit I
Identification of source – authentication of the specimen – collection of plant material – collection of aquatic specimens and
organisms –initial processing procedures – precautions to be followed during processing – collection of relevant data
Unit II
Extraction procedures – precautions to be taken to preserve the biological activity – different types of solvent extraction procedures
and selection of the extraction process – chromatographic separation of the extracts – identification of the chemical structure and
correlation with the existing data.;
Unit III
Screening for toxicity – testing for acute effects - determination of toxic effects in higher doses – testing for long term effects –
identification of the target of toxic effects.
Unit IV
Screening for specific pharmacological effects – identification of systemic effects – selection of experimental model for the
systemic effect – identification direct and indirect effects – identification of the target at cellular or molecular level.
Unit V
Laboratory procedure for studying the mechanism of action of a bioactive compound – evaluation of the structure activity
relationship – interpretation of the laboratory data. – identification of adverse effects.
BMS-C 922
Experimental design and biostatistics
Elective
Prof. R. Venkatakrishna Murali
Unit I
Selection of the animal model for toxicity studies – grouping and allocation of the animals –determination of toxic dose –
determination of tolerable dose – duration of the experiment – observations to be made during the experimental period – number of
observations to be made.
Unit II
Selection of the animal for specific effects – reproducibility of the effect – decision regarding the number of repetitions –
assessment of the results and interpretation of the laboratory data.
Unit III
Designing the experiment for in vitro assays – selection of the tissue – use of agonists and antagonists – qualitative response
recording – determination of the concentration of unknown sample by using standards.
Unit IV
Types of measurements of biological data – tabular, numerical and graphical description of the data – Difference between adverse
and non-adverse effects based on statistical descriptions and biological descriptions.
Unit V
Inferential statistics -testing for significance of difference – biological implications of the observations – planning of future
experiments based on laboratory observations.
BMS-C 923
Experimental pharmacology
Theory- Core
Prof. R. Venkatakrishna Muralim and
Dr. Senthil Kumaran Palanimuthu
Unit I
Different types of assay procedures – laboratory animals – selection of animals – breeding – housing and other requirements –
handling of the laboratory animals – different routes of drug administration – techniques in blood collection and collection of other
specimens.
Unit II
In vitro tissue experiments – requirements and laboratory set up – physiological solution composition and preparation – dissection
and isolation of tissues –recording of the responses – use of tissue/ cell culture techniques – in vivo animal experiments – recording
of the responses in anesthetized animals.
Unit III
Toxicity testing – determination of median lethal dose – evaluation analgesics –local anesthetics –agents used in psychiatric
illnesses – study of the hypnotic and general anesthetic effects – assessment of anticonvulasnt effect – screening of antiparkinsonian
drugs.
Unit IV
108
Evaluation of the skeletal muscle relaxant property – assessment of cardiovascular effect – cardioactive agents and vascular dilating
or constricting property – evaluation of anytihypertensive agents.
Unit V
Evaluation of histamine antagonists –testing of dermal toxicity –evaluation of agents acting on uterus – evaluation of antiinflammatory agents and screening for the effect on learning and memory – interpretation of the laboratory data.
BMS-C 924
Advances in Pharmacology
Theory-Core
Prof. R. Venkatakrishna Murali and
Dr. Senthil Kumaran Palanimuthu
Unit I
Biotechnology in Drug Discovery and Development - Biotechnology drugs - recombinant DNA technology - Production of
Recombinant Proteins - Pharmacology, Toxicology, Therapeutic Dosage Formulations, and Clinical Response. Introduction to
Nanotechnology – application in diagnostic tools – nanotechnology and drug delivery.
Unit II
Biotechnology based therapeutics - Hematopoietic Growth Factors and Coagulation Factors - Interferons and Cytokines for Antiinfective and Cancer Therapy – Hormones- Protein Hormones as Therapeutics - Enzyme Therapies.- Antibodies and Derivatives.
Pharmacogenomics and Proteomics -Discovery and Development of Therapeutic agents - Proteomic and Genomic Tools - Issues
related to the use of protein based drugs – Antigenicity, Stability, Drug Delivery
Unit III
Pharmacogenetics – introduction - Individualization of Drug Regimens - Integration of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacogenetic
Principles in Drug Therapy - Factors Governing individual Variations - Pharmacogenetics: Drug Metabolism and Transport Pharmacogenetics: Therapeutic Response - Individualized Gene-Based Medicine - Gene and Cell Therapy.
Unit IV
Molecular Pharmacology - Glutamate Receptors - Ligand–Receptor Interactions - Molecular Pharmacology of Gaba Receptors Molecular Pharmacology of Transmitter Transporters - Glutamate Transporters - Substrate-Binding Site in GABA Transporters Monoamine Transporters - Neurotransmitter Transporter Function - Functional Mechanisms of G Protein-Coupled Receptors
Unit V
Computational techniques - Pharmacoinformatics - traditional drug discovery - biological target-based drug discovery - biomedical
computing – role of bioinformatics in providing genomic databases for an optimal target – computational techniques in
determination of the structure of the target macromolecule or modeling - lead compound isolation – determination of the structure of
the target-compound complex.
BMS-E 905
Reproductive and Endocrine toxicology
Elective
Prof. Dr. M.P.Balasubramanian
Unit-I
Overview of reproductive physiology – gametogenesis – storage and transmission of genetic information by the generative cells.
Unit-II
Spermatogenesis – cells in seminiferous tubules – meiosis – differentiation of spermatozoa.
Unit-III
Oogenesis – growth of the oocyte – accumulation of food reserves of the oocyte – pattern of organization – maturation of the egg –
developing egg – fertilization – embryonic development in the egg – cleavage – morphological aspects of gastrulation and primary
organ formation – physiology of gastrulation
Unit-IV
Organogenesis – differentiation and growth – sexual maturation – asexual reproduction.
Unit--VI
Action of xenobiotics on reproductive process – hormonal controls – egg production – transfer of contaminants by eggs and sperms
– embryo energy metabolism.
Unit--VII
Changes in pollutant sensitivity during embryonic development in lower vertebrates and invertebrates – hatching time – larvae –
larval and juvenile growth.
BMS-E 906
Hepatotoxicology
Elective
Dr. S.Karthikeyan
Unit-I
Anatomy and function of the liver – Microscopic and functional aspects of liver cells – Overview of hepatic circulation – bile duct –
elimination function of the liver – bile formation – enterohepatic circulation.
Unit-II
Effects of chemicals on the liver – acute cytotoxic lesions – cholestatic lesions – chronic liver disorder – hepatovascular lesions tumors – granulomatous lesions.
Unit-III
Mechanism of liver injury – hepatic necrosis – cirrhosis – Direct vs. indirect effects – biochemical, immunological, cholestatic
mechanisms,
Unit-IV
109
Examples of hepatotoxic substances – acetaminophen. Carbon tetrachloride, alcohol, isoniazid, pyrolizidine alkaloids,
environmental pollutants, food carcinogens.
Unit-V
Mechanism of hepatic steatosis – increased synthesis of fatty acids – reduced oxidation of fatty acids – decreased production of
lipoproteins – interferences with mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids – Inhibition of protein synthesis.
Unit-IV
Evaluation of hepatotoxicity – hepatic necrosis, steatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma – Liver function tests – Hepato protective
agents mechanisms of hepatoprotection.
BMS
E907
Neuro and Nano Toxicology
Elective
Prof. S.L.Maheswari
Unit-I
Cell and Molecular biology of Neuron – Evolution of neurons, cytology, ion channels, membrane potential and action potential.
Synthesis of neuronal proteins.
Unit-II
Synaptic transmission – Evolution of synapses and overview, synaptic integration, modulation by second messengers and synaptic
transmission. Neurotransmitters- acetylcholine, biogenic amines, amino transmitters, ATP and adenosine, and neuroactive peptides.
Unit-III
Development of Nervous system - Comparative anatomy, structure and function of invertebrate and vertebrate nervous system.
Biochemical and physiological function of neurons and glial cells.
Unit-IV
Brain and Behaviour- Distinct functional regions of the brain, genes and behaviour. Neural basis of cognition. Definition and neural
basis of short term and long-term memory.
Unit-V
Basic principles of toxicology and Toxicoinformatics – Regulatory toxicology. Major classes of toxic agents. Impact of
environmental pollutants on nervous system. Toxicoinformatics - Neurodegenerative disorders. Xenobiotic effects on learning,
memory, aging and behaviour.
Unit-VI
Nanotoxicology – Introduction. Concepts of Nanotoxicology. Mechanisms of Nano-sized particle toxicity. Nanopollution Nanomaterials in the Environment.. Human exposure to nano sized materials. Portals of entry and target tissues. Risk assessment.
Ethical, Legal and Societal implications.
BMS-E908
Immunotoxicology
Elective
Dr. Senthil Kumaran Palanimuthu
Unit I
Immune system – organization and functions – cell mediated immunity – humoral immunity – Types of allergic reactions
Unit II
Immunosuppressive agents – adrenalcortical steroids – antiproliferative and antimetabolic drugs – antibodies – tolerance.
Unit III
Immunostimulant drugs – immunostimulant drugs – vaccines – globulins.
Unit IV
Xenobiotics and their influence on immune system – immunotoxicity of organotin compounds – polychlorinated biphenyles –
hexachlorobenzene – oxidizing gases.
Unit V
Tests of immune competence – Experimental evaluation of immunotoxicity – animal models used in the evaluation of
immunotoxicity.
BMS-E909
Environmental Toxicology
Elective
Dr. Senthil Kumaran Palanimuthu
Unit I
Introduction – Description of essential terms - routes of exposure/ administration- absorption –distribution – biotransformation –
excretion - effects of xenobiotics - interaction between xenobiotics
Unit II
Toxicity testing –Laboratory animals – toxicity testing in animals - toxicological field studies- priorities in the selection of
chemicals for testing- the extent of toxicity testing required.
Unit III
Interpretation of laboratory data – distinction between adverse and non-adverse effects, threshold, theoretical and practical
considerations - extrapolation of animal data to man.
Unit IV
Human data – ethical considerations, need for human investigations.
Clinical toxicology- the role of laboratory in acute human poisoning.
Unit V
110
Environmental health standards- use of toxicological data in establishing environmental health standards –an example of
toxicological information used in standard setting - limitations of safety evaluation
BMS-E 910
Haemopoietic Cardiovascular
Renal Toxicology
and
Elective
Prof R. Venkatakrishna Murali
Unit I
Components of haemopoietic system – Types of anemia – Iron – Folic acid and vitamin B12 – Haemopoietic growth factors.
Coagulation of blood – drugs acting on coagulation cascade4 – anticoagulants – anti-platelet drugs - fibrinolytic drugs.
Unit II
Cardiac rate and rhythm-action potential of cardiac muscle- disturbances of cardiac rhythm Cardiac Contraction – Coronary
atherosclerosis and its Consequence - Drugs affecting cardiac function- cardiac glycosides – antidysrhythmic drugs – antianginal
drugs.
Unit III
Control of vascular smooth muscle tone – structure and function of vascular endothelium – “Renin – Angiotensin” system –
vasoconstrictor drugs – vasodilator drugs – Atherosclerosis and lipoprotein metabolism.
Unit IV
Structure and function of nephron – tubular function- Acid-Base balance – Diuretics – Drugs altering the pH of urine – Drugs
altering the excretion of organic molecules – Renal toxicology.
Unit V
In vitro and in vivo experimental evaluation of drugs that affect blood formation – Evaluation of drugs acting on cardiovascular
system – Evaluation of diuretics – Assessment of renal toxicity.
111