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here - Aditec
here - Aditec

... Development of alternative routes of immunization is urgently needed for prevention of mucosal respiratory, enteric and genital infections as well as a means for making overall vaccine administration safer and simpler.The anatomical location, magnitude and quality of the immune response induced by m ...
Activation, Differentiation, and Cell Death on Murine Chromosome 7
Activation, Differentiation, and Cell Death on Murine Chromosome 7

... Polyclonal, generalized T cell defects, as well as Ag-specific Th clones, are likely to contribute to pathology in murine lupus, but the genetic bases for these mechanisms remain unknown. Mapping studies indicate that loci on chromosomes 1 (Sle1), 4 (Sle2), 7 (Sle3), and 17 (Sle4) confer disease sus ...
Clinical consequences of defects in B
Clinical consequences of defects in B

... receptor editing.20 Other potentially pathogenic self-reactive B cells are inactivated by cell anergy or apoptosis of the host cell, although the details of this process in human subjects are not yet well described. Self-reactivity can also be beneficial, and some self-reactive antibodies, especiall ...
Document
Document

... injection and slow release of the antigen with stimulation of antibodyproducing cells. Injection of FIA and antigen at separate sites did not increase the immune response. The antigen must be trapped within water droplets (aqueous phase) in the lipid emulsion for augmentation of the immune response. ...
Chapter 4
Chapter 4

... Scarlet fever is a disease caused by an infection with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteria that occurs in a small percentage of people with strep throat. The illness typically begins with a fever and sore throat. It may be accompanied by chills, vomiting, abdominal pain and malaise. The s ...
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) C
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) C

... in the Th17 axis, including individuals suffering from chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and hyper IgE syndrome24-30. Similarly, Th17 cells and IL-17 have been shown to mediate protection in numerous experimental mouse models of fungal infection31,32. Paradoxically, exaggerated antimicrobial Th17 ...
Zusinaite
Zusinaite

... • Modified Vaccinia Ancara - replication deficient viral vector • MVA-VLP candidate expresses prM/E/NS1 region of ZIKV that self-assemble into VLPs in a vaccinated organism • Now in preclinical studies • Advantages of MVA-VLPs – efficient stimulation of highly durable antibody response – elicitation ...
a graph-based model for the infection phenomenon
a graph-based model for the infection phenomenon

... (even they are or not pathogen agents) rarely reproduce themselves in a hostile environment (with no food). Reproduction is modeled using a multiply operator, which is unary, acts over a single entity (parent entity) and produce a child. In some situations multiplication is accompanied by mutations. ...
Immune cellular regulation on autoantibody production in pemphigus
Immune cellular regulation on autoantibody production in pemphigus

... et al. found this Dsg3-specific Th2 activity was significantly correlated with the Dsg-3 antibody titer,38 which has previously been shown to correlate with disease activity.39,40 This underscores the notion that B cells require activation by Dsg-specific Th2 cells in order to trigger production of ...
IL-1β inhibition in autoimmune inner ear disease: can you hear me
IL-1β inhibition in autoimmune inner ear disease: can you hear me

... The patient above is likely suffering from autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED), a rare form of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). In 1979, McCabe provided the first clinical evidence that SNHL could have an autoimmune component (1), supporting the hypothesis put forth by Lehnhardt (2). Despite multi ...
Mechanism of action of Low Dose Naltrexone (LDN)
Mechanism of action of Low Dose Naltrexone (LDN)

... Toll Like Receptors (TLR) • TLR4 is predominantly expressed by microglia • Its expression is upregulated under neuroinflammatory conditions. • Opioids cause glial cell activation by acting on the TLR4 receptors leading to a cascade of proinflammatory cytokines • Opioid antagonists (naloxone, naltre ...
Course Objectives / Outline MLAB 1235 Immunology/Serology 1
Course Objectives / Outline MLAB 1235 Immunology/Serology 1

Candida albicans Pathogenicity and Epithelial Immunity
Candida albicans Pathogenicity and Epithelial Immunity

... receptors that trigger immune responses in response to this fungus are largely unknown. In oral epithelial cells, recognition of yeast and hyphal cells can occur via conventional fungal pathogenassociated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (e.g., mannans, b-glucans) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) ...
Mechanism of action of Low Dose Naltrexone
Mechanism of action of Low Dose Naltrexone

The Effect of Influenza A Viral Infection on Dendritic Cells` Antigen
The Effect of Influenza A Viral Infection on Dendritic Cells` Antigen

... Influenza A virus (IAV) is one of the most contagious viruses to humans. Every year the seasonal influenza strikes worldwide, 500 000 deaths are estimated annually. A viral infection triggers the immune system to respond as a defence mechanism. The immune system is a complex system of cell types, al ...
Understanding the Science behind Immuno
Understanding the Science behind Immuno

... Assessment of these measures in combination can provide a broad and comprehensive picture of the difference between the investigational arm and the control arm with respect to PFS and OS.85-87,91 Applying multiple measures can illustrate the full scope of clinical benefit. ...
Increased Generation of HIV-1 gp120-Reactive Encoding the Chemokine CCL3
Increased Generation of HIV-1 gp120-Reactive Encoding the Chemokine CCL3

... chemokine CCL3 which is a ligand of the chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5 and which production is inducible in numerous cell types including cells of the immune system, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts [31,32]. In mouse models, CCL3 has been shown to recruit Langerhans cells, dendritic cells (DCs), ...
CAN STEM CELLS THERAPY OFFER HOPE TO PEOPLE
CAN STEM CELLS THERAPY OFFER HOPE TO PEOPLE

... normal   version   of   the   gene   mutated   in   Fanconi   anemia   was   introduced   into   fibroblasts   from   patients,  and  the  gene-­‐corrected  cells  were  reprogrammed  to  generate  patient-­‐specific  iPCs.    The   iPCs  carry ...
Biologics in Rheumatoid arthritis… Where are we 15 years later?
Biologics in Rheumatoid arthritis… Where are we 15 years later?

... complexes but destructive disease can occur in their absence • Macrophages then migrate to the affected synovium mostly around vessel inflammation increasing macrophage-derived lining cells • Lymphocytes particularly the CD4+T cells infiltrate the synovium as well • Activated T-cells produce a varie ...
B1 1 Keeping Healthy Questions and Answers
B1 1 Keeping Healthy Questions and Answers

... between the MMR vaccine and autism. Dr Wakefield wrote that the parents of eight of the twelve children blamed the MMR vaccine for autism. He said that symptoms of autism had started within days of vaccination. Some newspapers used parts of the report in scare stories about the MMR vaccine. As a res ...
Cytotoxic immunological synapses Michael L. Dustin Eric O. Long
Cytotoxic immunological synapses Michael L. Dustin Eric O. Long

... as 1997, a year prior to peer-reviewed publication. The original publication in 1998 introduced the term supramolecular activation cluster (SMAC) into the immunology vocabulary to describe two distinct micron scale domains formed in a bull’s eye pattern: a central (c)SMAC rich in TCR and a periphera ...
can
can

... WORKSHOP REPORT ...
A dynamical model of human immune response to influenza A virus
A dynamical model of human immune response to influenza A virus

Understanding the Immune System
Understanding the Immune System

... to other actors in the immune system. For example, some TLRs play important roles in the all-purpose “first-responder” arm of the immune system, also called the innate immune system. In short order, the innate immune system responds with a surge of chemical signals that together cause inflammation, ...
TCR ζ-CHAIN DOWNREGULATION: CURTAILING AN EXCESSIVE
TCR ζ-CHAIN DOWNREGULATION: CURTAILING AN EXCESSIVE

... Figure 1 | Activation and attenuation signals controlling TCR-mediated T-cell function. Following T-cell receptor (TCR) and CD28 co-receptor engagement, SRC protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) — LCK and FYN — are activated and phosphorylate the ζ- and ε-chains of the TCR at tyrosine residues that are pr ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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