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Innate and adaptive effects of inflammasomes on T cell
Innate and adaptive effects of inflammasomes on T cell

... definitive role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in adjuvanticity might occur through indirect mechanisms, be strongly influenced by the context, and still remains to be clarified. Of note, it has been shown that tumor cells treated with chemotherapeutic agents can act as effective adjuvants to prime antit ...
Elements of the Immune System and their Roles
Elements of the Immune System and their Roles

... immune system. That approach is no longer so successful for developing new vaccines, perhaps because all the easily won vaccines have been made. But deeper understanding of the mechanisms of immunity is spawning new ideas for vaccines against infectious diseases and even against other types of disea ...
Molecular pharming: Plant production of vaccines, antibodies
Molecular pharming: Plant production of vaccines, antibodies

... Plant cells combine the advantage of a full posttranslational modification potential with simple growth requirements and basically unlimited scalability ofwhole plants in the field. Plants and plant cells are versatile production systems, also allowing targeting of the recombinant proteins produced ...
Laboratory Diagnosis of Infection - Wikispaces
Laboratory Diagnosis of Infection - Wikispaces

Blood-Brain Barrier and Immune Cell Transmigration Neuroscience Immunology
Blood-Brain Barrier and Immune Cell Transmigration Neuroscience Immunology

... The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly specialized, multi-cellular structure that functions as a selective diffusion barrier between the peripheral circulation and the central nervous system (CNS). It is composed of specialized endothelial cells (ECs) that are linked by complex tight junctions (T ...
Lecture 9
Lecture 9

... • FDA approval process • The Thimerosal debate • Vaccine manufacture • How are vaccines made? • Challenges for vaccine development ...
Intestinal Microflora and Homeostasis of the Mucosal
Intestinal Microflora and Homeostasis of the Mucosal

... against external antigens, pathogenic bacteria or viruses. Host defense against the autochthonous microflora is still poorly understood. It has been reported that indigenous bacteria can be recognized by the host immune system and elicit local and systemic antibody responses (Kimura et al., 1997; Ap ...
Regulation of COX-2 signaling in the blood brain barrier Final thesis
Regulation of COX-2 signaling in the blood brain barrier Final thesis

... Linköpings University, department of physics, chemistry and biology ...
2008 - The Ohio State University College of Medicine
2008 - The Ohio State University College of Medicine

... themselves and/or to antigen-specific T helper cells that facilitate B cell responses. Cell proliferation in general (Epel 1963) and humoral immune responses in particular (Demas et al. 2003; Bourgeon et al. 2006) are expensive, so lack of calories, fat, or protein may directly compromise memory B c ...
Different Nuclear Signals Are Activated by the B Cell
Different Nuclear Signals Are Activated by the B Cell

... these opposite signaling phenomena has long been recognized (Nossal, 1983), the biochemical distinction between positive and negative signals induced by a single receptor is not known. Analysis of immunogenic versus tolerogenic responses by mature splenic B cells from immunoglobulin (Ig) gene ...
intracellular follow up as afected by a new bacterial system acting as
intracellular follow up as afected by a new bacterial system acting as

1 Detection of Histatherin: a Potential Antimicrobial Peptide K
1 Detection of Histatherin: a Potential Antimicrobial Peptide K

... positive results. However, larger starting volumes of lactoferrin eluate and saliva, using higher capacity columns may be needed to produce a more purified fraction of Histatherin. Due to some bands on the western blot being larger than 6 kDa in size it is thought that post-translational modificatio ...
Cancer Vaccines for Hematologic Malignancies
Cancer Vaccines for Hematologic Malignancies

Immunogenicity of Bovine and Leporine Articular Chondrocytes and
Immunogenicity of Bovine and Leporine Articular Chondrocytes and

... suggests that they may share an immunoprivileged profile similar to that of chondrocytes. When used to fill an articular cartilage defect in the leporine model, allogeneic and xenogeneic (bovine) meniscus tissue failed to elicit a measurable immune response.30 Given these promising results, it is po ...
EBV, the Human Host, and the 7TM Receptors
EBV, the Human Host, and the 7TM Receptors

... World monkeys) are shown in blue, green, and purple, respectively. (B) Schematic overview of the EBV episome with indication of latent protein-coding genes (black) and promoters (pink). The latent genes are marked by green arrows. The latent origin of replication, OriP, is shown in dark blue. The do ...
Acute Kidney Injury and Systemic Inflammatory Response * an
Acute Kidney Injury and Systemic Inflammatory Response * an

... Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital and King’s College London Introduction: Patients with AKI have markedly worse outcomes than otherwise matched controls. There is increasing evidence from animal models that leukocytes play a central role in the pathophysiology of AKI resulting in an inflammatory respons ...
27-34
27-34

... Objective The purpose of the present study was to observe the changes in CD4+CD25+Nrp1+Treg cells after irradiation with different doses and explore the possible molecular mechanisms involved. Methods ICR mice and mouse lymphoma cell line (EL-4 cells) was used. The expressions of CD4, CD25, Nrp1, ca ...
Cytokines - University of Arizona
Cytokines - University of Arizona

... and pro-B-cells without affecting their differentiation IL-7 can replace murine bone marrow stromal cells in supporting the extended growth of both pre-B-cells and pro-B-cells It does not act on mature B-cells ...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced neutrophil - Arca
Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced neutrophil - Arca

... ectosomes, probably because the mechanism involved in their release is not known in detail.20e24 These neutrophil-derived ectosomes are generated either spontaneously or in response to various stimuli,20e22,24,25 and they can differ at the molecular level, depending on the trigger stimuli.26 Importa ...
Immune System - Iowa State University Digital Repository
Immune System - Iowa State University Digital Repository

... A major mechanism by which B and T lymphocytes enhance resistance to disease is by activating the nonspecific defense mechanisms (phagocytic cells, NK cells, and complement) to be more efficient. The immune response in mammals has been shown to be influenced by genes in the major histocompatibility ...
Isolation of Human PBMC from Whole Blood
Isolation of Human PBMC from Whole Blood

... Phosphorylation of tyrosine, serine, and threonine residues is critical for the control of protein activity involved in various cellular events. An assortment of kinases and phosphatases regulate intracellular protein phosphorylation in many different cell signaling pathways, such as T and B cell si ...
Single-Molecule Fluorescence Studies of
Single-Molecule Fluorescence Studies of

... “variable region” (two Fab fragments) with varying ...
IMMUNOLOGICAL UNRESPONSIVENESS TO
IMMUNOLOGICAL UNRESPONSIVENESS TO

Immunization
Immunization

... Calmet Geurin (BCG) is used against tuberculosis in many African, European and Asian countries. However, it is not used in the USA. While many studies have shown the efficacy of this vaccine, a number of studies also cast doubt on its benefits. ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

... and progression of disease.Problems such as maintaining adequate levels of antibodies for long enough,generating T-cell mediated response, multiple antiigenicities of various microorganisms remain to overcome. Incidence of toxic reaction to inactivated whole cell vaccines.[6] Development strategies ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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