PPT - Chris Anthony
... Systems involving methylated amino acids In ‘non-pigmented pseudomonads’: Ps. aminovorans; Pseudomonas MA, & Hyphomicrobium Two step system Methylamine + glutamate N-methylglutamate + PMS + H2O ...
... Systems involving methylated amino acids In ‘non-pigmented pseudomonads’: Ps. aminovorans; Pseudomonas MA, & Hyphomicrobium Two step system Methylamine + glutamate N-methylglutamate + PMS + H2O ...
1 Professor D.Sci. Judit Kosáry Nutritional biochemistry of the
... The vitamins are a disparate group of organic compounds whose only common feature is that they are essential (cannot be synthesized inside) and required in small amount for the normal functioning of higher animals and the human body, therefore they must be provided in nutrition. These compounds can ...
... The vitamins are a disparate group of organic compounds whose only common feature is that they are essential (cannot be synthesized inside) and required in small amount for the normal functioning of higher animals and the human body, therefore they must be provided in nutrition. These compounds can ...
of the fatty acid is oxidized. Fatty acid oxidation is divided into two
... complete degradation of saturated fatty acids having an even number of carbon atoms. Most fatty acids have such structures because of their mode of synthesis . The oxidation of fatty acids containing double bonds requires additional steps. Likewise, fatty acids containing an odd number of carbon ato ...
... complete degradation of saturated fatty acids having an even number of carbon atoms. Most fatty acids have such structures because of their mode of synthesis . The oxidation of fatty acids containing double bonds requires additional steps. Likewise, fatty acids containing an odd number of carbon ato ...
Objectives 30 - u.arizona.edu
... liberate acetyl CoA for lipogenesis • NADPH for lipogenesis is derived from malic enzyme and the pentose phosphate pathway • acetyl CoA carboxylase converts acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA in a biotinrequiring reaction • fatty acid synthase progressively adds two carbon units, from malonyl CoA, to a ...
... liberate acetyl CoA for lipogenesis • NADPH for lipogenesis is derived from malic enzyme and the pentose phosphate pathway • acetyl CoA carboxylase converts acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA in a biotinrequiring reaction • fatty acid synthase progressively adds two carbon units, from malonyl CoA, to a ...
acyl-CoA
... high rates of lipolysis (e.g., long-term starvation or in uncontrolled diabetes) produce sufficient ketones in the blood to be effective as a fuel ketones are the preferred fuel if glucose, ketones, fatty acids all available in the blood primary tissues: using ketones, when available, are brain, mus ...
... high rates of lipolysis (e.g., long-term starvation or in uncontrolled diabetes) produce sufficient ketones in the blood to be effective as a fuel ketones are the preferred fuel if glucose, ketones, fatty acids all available in the blood primary tissues: using ketones, when available, are brain, mus ...
dhaA - Queen`s University Belfast
... This does not allow them to react with most molecules – just as well !!! – SPIN FORBIDDEN. ...
... This does not allow them to react with most molecules – just as well !!! – SPIN FORBIDDEN. ...
E. coli
... Cumulative feedback inhibition of GS The enzyme is inhibited by the following compounds: alanine, glycine, tryptophan, histidine, carbamyl phosphate, glucosamine-6-phosphate, CTP, and AMP Each of the inhibitors provides only partial inhibition, complete inhibition requires all of the inhibitors. Ki ...
... Cumulative feedback inhibition of GS The enzyme is inhibited by the following compounds: alanine, glycine, tryptophan, histidine, carbamyl phosphate, glucosamine-6-phosphate, CTP, and AMP Each of the inhibitors provides only partial inhibition, complete inhibition requires all of the inhibitors. Ki ...
Antioxidant Enzymes and Function
... GSH = reduced glutathione; γ - Glu-Cys-Gly, γ- glutamylcysteinylglycine, GSSG = oxidized Rate limiting enzyme of pentose phosphate cycle is G-6-P dehydrogenase NADP & GSSG both overcome NADPH inhibition of G-6-P dehydrogenase BSO - buthionine sulfoximine inhibits GSH synthesis BCNU - inhibits enzyme ...
... GSH = reduced glutathione; γ - Glu-Cys-Gly, γ- glutamylcysteinylglycine, GSSG = oxidized Rate limiting enzyme of pentose phosphate cycle is G-6-P dehydrogenase NADP & GSSG both overcome NADPH inhibition of G-6-P dehydrogenase BSO - buthionine sulfoximine inhibits GSH synthesis BCNU - inhibits enzyme ...
metabolic core - Chair of Computational Biology
... - the reactions belonging to this core represent potential targets for antimicrobial intervention. ...
... - the reactions belonging to this core represent potential targets for antimicrobial intervention. ...
Prof. Kamakaka`s Lecture 6 Notes
... Enzymes often use general acid or base catalysis: General acid/base catalysis by enzymes • They work at neutral pH, so low [H+] and [OH-] • High localized concentration of general acid/base • Correct orientation of the acidic/basic group around the substrate • Optimum catalysis at pH around pKa Gen ...
... Enzymes often use general acid or base catalysis: General acid/base catalysis by enzymes • They work at neutral pH, so low [H+] and [OH-] • High localized concentration of general acid/base • Correct orientation of the acidic/basic group around the substrate • Optimum catalysis at pH around pKa Gen ...
Generation of ATP during Cytochrome-linked
... nicotinic acid, I mg; p-amino benzoic acid, 0-1mg; pH 6.5. For growth experiments with glycerol the synthetic medium described by Bauchop & Elsden (1960) was used. Growthlimiting concentrations of glucose or fructose (up to 5,umol/ml), sodium lactate (up to 30 ,umol/ml), or glycerol (up to 10,umol/m ...
... nicotinic acid, I mg; p-amino benzoic acid, 0-1mg; pH 6.5. For growth experiments with glycerol the synthetic medium described by Bauchop & Elsden (1960) was used. Growthlimiting concentrations of glucose or fructose (up to 5,umol/ml), sodium lactate (up to 30 ,umol/ml), or glycerol (up to 10,umol/m ...
MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
... levels of metabolic activity inside. This metabolic activity comprises of an enormous number of chemical reactions taking place simultaneously and rapidly that change chemical species from one to another thereby resulting in energetic transactions leading to biochemical functionalities. These chemic ...
... levels of metabolic activity inside. This metabolic activity comprises of an enormous number of chemical reactions taking place simultaneously and rapidly that change chemical species from one to another thereby resulting in energetic transactions leading to biochemical functionalities. These chemic ...
Autocatalytic Sets in E. coli Metabolism
... reactions within the set of catalyzed reactions. Moreover, by grouping these reactions with the same generic catalyst (Protein or RNA), we are simplifying the network’s catalyst space without losing biological information. iv) Reactions for which the E. coli enzyme is unknown were assigned to anothe ...
... reactions within the set of catalyzed reactions. Moreover, by grouping these reactions with the same generic catalyst (Protein or RNA), we are simplifying the network’s catalyst space without losing biological information. iv) Reactions for which the E. coli enzyme is unknown were assigned to anothe ...
- BioMed Central
... potential of this powerful technology to analyse biological networks is clear, yet challenging. While the underlying topology of an ordinary image consists of a lattice grid, biological networks have a rather scale-free architecture [25]. We recently reported one approach that applied image processi ...
... potential of this powerful technology to analyse biological networks is clear, yet challenging. While the underlying topology of an ordinary image consists of a lattice grid, biological networks have a rather scale-free architecture [25]. We recently reported one approach that applied image processi ...
Marine Biotechnology
... Baja California Peninsula have both ecological and economic interest. Panulirus interruptus is one of the most important fisheries of the regional economy. This study describes the first known work on the proteases for digesting food protein in this species. The main objective was to provide descrip ...
... Baja California Peninsula have both ecological and economic interest. Panulirus interruptus is one of the most important fisheries of the regional economy. This study describes the first known work on the proteases for digesting food protein in this species. The main objective was to provide descrip ...
Metabolism, Lectures 25-27 Quadrant – 2 - vtu-nptel
... c) chloroplast d) lysosome 28. Which organelle converts energy stored in carbohydrates into ATP? a) Golgi apparatus b) chloroplast c) mitochondria d) nucleolus ...
... c) chloroplast d) lysosome 28. Which organelle converts energy stored in carbohydrates into ATP? a) Golgi apparatus b) chloroplast c) mitochondria d) nucleolus ...
Hexose Monophosphate Shunt (HMP Shunt)
... HMP shunt (PPP) is less active in skeletal muscle & non-lactating mammary glands Site:- ...
... HMP shunt (PPP) is less active in skeletal muscle & non-lactating mammary glands Site:- ...
Structure, function, and evolution of phosphoglycerate mutases
... part containing 14 residues of the enzyme has a large degree of ¯exibility and its presence was not observed in any of the structures reported to date, except for the recent complex structure with 3PGA substrate where a part of this tail was located (Crowhurst et al., 1999). Based on the later studi ...
... part containing 14 residues of the enzyme has a large degree of ¯exibility and its presence was not observed in any of the structures reported to date, except for the recent complex structure with 3PGA substrate where a part of this tail was located (Crowhurst et al., 1999). Based on the later studi ...
Chemistry of Carbohydrates
... This reversible reaction is first an oxidation involving the coenzyme NAD+. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is oxidized to an acid as an intermediate through the conversion of NAD + to NADH + H+. Then an inorganic phosphate (Pi) is added in a phosphate ester synthesis to form 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate. Th ...
... This reversible reaction is first an oxidation involving the coenzyme NAD+. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is oxidized to an acid as an intermediate through the conversion of NAD + to NADH + H+. Then an inorganic phosphate (Pi) is added in a phosphate ester synthesis to form 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate. Th ...
Life 9e - Garvness
... c. Cytochromes, FADH, and NADH are oxidized. d. Only NAD+ is reduced. e. None of the above Answer: c Textbook Reference: 9.3 How Does Oxidative Phosphorylation Form ATP? Page: 178 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 48. The electron transport chain contains four large protein complexes (I, II, III, an ...
... c. Cytochromes, FADH, and NADH are oxidized. d. Only NAD+ is reduced. e. None of the above Answer: c Textbook Reference: 9.3 How Does Oxidative Phosphorylation Form ATP? Page: 178 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 48. The electron transport chain contains four large protein complexes (I, II, III, an ...
THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... carriers NADH and FADH2. In the third stage of respiration, these reduced coenzymes are themselves oxidized, giving up protons (H) and electrons. The electrons are transferred to O2—the final electron acceptor—via a chain of electron-carrying molecules known as the respiratory chain. In the course ...
... carriers NADH and FADH2. In the third stage of respiration, these reduced coenzymes are themselves oxidized, giving up protons (H) and electrons. The electrons are transferred to O2—the final electron acceptor—via a chain of electron-carrying molecules known as the respiratory chain. In the course ...
Analysis of structural robustness of metabolic
... is fully described in Appendix 7.1. It is related to a model used earlier [16, 31, 33]. The choice of external metabolites and exchange reactions is similar to that used by Wiback and Palsson [34]. The scheme comprises glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, glutathione oxidation=reduction and ad ...
... is fully described in Appendix 7.1. It is related to a model used earlier [16, 31, 33]. The choice of external metabolites and exchange reactions is similar to that used by Wiback and Palsson [34]. The scheme comprises glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, glutathione oxidation=reduction and ad ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.