Metamaterials at Optical Frequencies: Fabrication and Measurements
... mass-production of fixed designs, optical lithography is likely to prevail because of the much larger production volumes that it provides. It may eventually merge with X-ray lithography due to recent developments in X-ray lasers that offer bright coherent light sources at wavelengths such as 13 nm o ...
... mass-production of fixed designs, optical lithography is likely to prevail because of the much larger production volumes that it provides. It may eventually merge with X-ray lithography due to recent developments in X-ray lasers that offer bright coherent light sources at wavelengths such as 13 nm o ...
Chromatic Dispersion in optical Communications
... 1.1 The Components of Chromatic Dispersion The primary cause of the chromatic dispersion (CR) is the fact that different spectral components of the light impulse (different wavelengths) propagate in the optical fibre at different speeds. As the consequence of different speeds the light impulse spect ...
... 1.1 The Components of Chromatic Dispersion The primary cause of the chromatic dispersion (CR) is the fact that different spectral components of the light impulse (different wavelengths) propagate in the optical fibre at different speeds. As the consequence of different speeds the light impulse spect ...
Pluggable Optical Interfaces and Their Compatibility with Xilinx FPGAs
... One common differentiator between modules is the length and type of fiber a module can drive. SFP+ makes a good example for examining the options. 10G Ethernet defines a number of optical interfaces (SR, LR, LRM, and ER) along with other industry adopted standards (ZR and DWM) that specify the optic ...
... One common differentiator between modules is the length and type of fiber a module can drive. SFP+ makes a good example for examining the options. 10G Ethernet defines a number of optical interfaces (SR, LR, LRM, and ER) along with other industry adopted standards (ZR and DWM) that specify the optic ...
Subcarrier multiplexing for high-speed optical transmission
... has been pursued by industry and the research community to increase fiber transmission capacity. More sophisticated modulation formats may help to increase the bandwidth efficiency compared to the basic ON–OFF keying modulation. Optical subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) is a scheme where multiple signal ...
... has been pursued by industry and the research community to increase fiber transmission capacity. More sophisticated modulation formats may help to increase the bandwidth efficiency compared to the basic ON–OFF keying modulation. Optical subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) is a scheme where multiple signal ...
Technologies - E
... Insertion loss: attenuation of a signal at an import port from another input port Insertion loss (dB) = 10 log (P_1/P_3) Division (or splitting) ratio: % of the input power at each of the output ports 100 . P_3/(P_3 + P_4) % , 100 . P_4/(P_3 + P_4) % • Directivity ...
... Insertion loss: attenuation of a signal at an import port from another input port Insertion loss (dB) = 10 log (P_1/P_3) Division (or splitting) ratio: % of the input power at each of the output ports 100 . P_3/(P_3 + P_4) % , 100 . P_4/(P_3 + P_4) % • Directivity ...
Optical amplifier
An optical amplifier is a device that amplifies an optical signal directly, without the need to first convert it to an electrical signal. An optical amplifier may be thought of as a laser without an optical cavity, or one in which feedback from the cavity is suppressed. Optical amplifiers are important in optical communication and laser physics.There are several different physical mechanisms that can be used to amplify a light signal, which correspond to the major types of optical amplifiers. In doped fibre amplifiers and bulk lasers, stimulated emission in the amplifier's gain medium causes amplification of incoming light. In semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), electron-hole recombination occurs. In Raman amplifiers, Raman scattering of incoming light with phonons in the lattice of the gain medium produces photons coherent with the incoming photons. Parametric amplifiers use parametric amplification.