Reflection-mode scanning near-field optical microscopy: Influence
... we present results of the study of the imaging mechanisms of R-SNOM, starting with an analysis of the gap-width dependence of the optical signal used for generating images. We then show some effects of the sample type, tip shape, and polarization of the emitted light. It is known that SNOM imaging w ...
... we present results of the study of the imaging mechanisms of R-SNOM, starting with an analysis of the gap-width dependence of the optical signal used for generating images. We then show some effects of the sample type, tip shape, and polarization of the emitted light. It is known that SNOM imaging w ...
100G EPON Laser Safety Issues
... other requirements of the Directives. Compliance is assured through a successful investigation to the applicable laser standard as well as the applicable end-product standard (e.g. EN 60950) and is demonstrated by the manufacturer’s self-declaration and application of the CE mark. European requireme ...
... other requirements of the Directives. Compliance is assured through a successful investigation to the applicable laser standard as well as the applicable end-product standard (e.g. EN 60950) and is demonstrated by the manufacturer’s self-declaration and application of the CE mark. European requireme ...
new challenges in thermo-fluiddynamic research by advanced
... 1. INTRODUCTION Optical methods are used in Thermo-Fluiddynamic research for many years due to their big advantages. As they work in a non-invasive and inertialess way they do not influence the process that has to be investigated and can be used for highly transient processes. The development of opt ...
... 1. INTRODUCTION Optical methods are used in Thermo-Fluiddynamic research for many years due to their big advantages. As they work in a non-invasive and inertialess way they do not influence the process that has to be investigated and can be used for highly transient processes. The development of opt ...
Optical amplifier
An optical amplifier is a device that amplifies an optical signal directly, without the need to first convert it to an electrical signal. An optical amplifier may be thought of as a laser without an optical cavity, or one in which feedback from the cavity is suppressed. Optical amplifiers are important in optical communication and laser physics.There are several different physical mechanisms that can be used to amplify a light signal, which correspond to the major types of optical amplifiers. In doped fibre amplifiers and bulk lasers, stimulated emission in the amplifier's gain medium causes amplification of incoming light. In semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), electron-hole recombination occurs. In Raman amplifiers, Raman scattering of incoming light with phonons in the lattice of the gain medium produces photons coherent with the incoming photons. Parametric amplifiers use parametric amplification.