Noise-equivalent sensitivity of photoacoustics
... light intensity. So in the sense of energy conversion, the photoacoustic effect is nonlinear. Pushing the sensitivity of photoacoustics then logically requires the use of high optical intensity; however, as in any optical excitation technique, photoacoustic generation exhibits nonlinearity in anothe ...
... light intensity. So in the sense of energy conversion, the photoacoustic effect is nonlinear. Pushing the sensitivity of photoacoustics then logically requires the use of high optical intensity; however, as in any optical excitation technique, photoacoustic generation exhibits nonlinearity in anothe ...
Etching of Niobium Sample Placed on Superconducting Radio
... niobium coupon etching as well as diagnostic ports for optical measurements. Multiple optical probes with optical fibers have been utilized for optical emission spectroscopy measurements. A power supply in the radio frequency regime (100 MHz) and another power supply in the microwave frequency regim ...
... niobium coupon etching as well as diagnostic ports for optical measurements. Multiple optical probes with optical fibers have been utilized for optical emission spectroscopy measurements. A power supply in the radio frequency regime (100 MHz) and another power supply in the microwave frequency regim ...
16-level differential phase shift keying (D16PSK)
... Differential binary phase shift keying (DBPSK) has attracted a lot of interest lately for long haul wavelength division multiplexing systems for its high tolerance towards fibre nonlinearities and the 3 dB receiver sensitivity improvement compared to on-off keying systems [1]. However, binary modula ...
... Differential binary phase shift keying (DBPSK) has attracted a lot of interest lately for long haul wavelength division multiplexing systems for its high tolerance towards fibre nonlinearities and the 3 dB receiver sensitivity improvement compared to on-off keying systems [1]. However, binary modula ...
Observation of two-photon emission from semiconductors
... close intermediate states, making the semiconductor two-photon process more efficient. Furthermore, using intraband transitions as part of the two-photon second-order calculations results in a wave-vector (k-) dependence of the matrix element, unlike for the interband transitions for parabolic bands ...
... close intermediate states, making the semiconductor two-photon process more efficient. Furthermore, using intraband transitions as part of the two-photon second-order calculations results in a wave-vector (k-) dependence of the matrix element, unlike for the interband transitions for parabolic bands ...
High Power Operation of a 17 GHz Photocathode RF Gun
... system was operated using the collimator on the Faraday cup. As shown in Figure 14, an extremely narrow, about 4 ns long, negative Faraday cup signal follows the positive photodiode signal by about 6 ns. This delay is consistent with the physical location of the photodiode detector relative to the R ...
... system was operated using the collimator on the Faraday cup. As shown in Figure 14, an extremely narrow, about 4 ns long, negative Faraday cup signal follows the positive photodiode signal by about 6 ns. This delay is consistent with the physical location of the photodiode detector relative to the R ...
Intermittent measurement
... a test-glass changer were discussed in Holland’s book. A lot of methods to determine turning-points for accurate end point detection were published. Optical monitoring was automized in the early 1980’s7. Since this time the production capabilities for optical multilayer coatings were improved dramat ...
... a test-glass changer were discussed in Holland’s book. A lot of methods to determine turning-points for accurate end point detection were published. Optical monitoring was automized in the early 1980’s7. Since this time the production capabilities for optical multilayer coatings were improved dramat ...
Optical amplifier
An optical amplifier is a device that amplifies an optical signal directly, without the need to first convert it to an electrical signal. An optical amplifier may be thought of as a laser without an optical cavity, or one in which feedback from the cavity is suppressed. Optical amplifiers are important in optical communication and laser physics.There are several different physical mechanisms that can be used to amplify a light signal, which correspond to the major types of optical amplifiers. In doped fibre amplifiers and bulk lasers, stimulated emission in the amplifier's gain medium causes amplification of incoming light. In semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), electron-hole recombination occurs. In Raman amplifiers, Raman scattering of incoming light with phonons in the lattice of the gain medium produces photons coherent with the incoming photons. Parametric amplifiers use parametric amplification.